Culinary Essentials fruits and vegetables
What are fruit-vegetables?
Coming from flowering plants and contain at least one seed, technically fruit of plant?
Identify the most common cooking methods and what main cooking method it fits under (dry-heat, moist-heat, and combination)
baking, poaching, simmering, deeping frying, saute, boil, grill
What are Grapes?
cluster on vine
pre-prep Root vegetables
scrub root vegetables with a strong bristles brush
Identify three guidelines for selecting fresh fruit?
shape, color, texture
Identify three things to avoid when selecting fresh fruit?
shape, size, color, defect
pre-prep Cabbage
soak cabbage family veggies, than refrigerate until ready to use
How do you know if a sweet potato is beginning to spoil?
soft ends mamark/show signs of spoilage
What are Drupes?
soft flesh one pit
What is Pith?
soft white layer between zest and fruit
What are the eight categories of vegetables?
squash family, roots and tubers, seeds and pods, cabbage family, stem stalks and shoots, leafy green
What does the USDA grade fresh produce on?
squishy, hard, business
What are Citrus Fruit?
thick firm covered in zest
What is Zest?
thin colored skin
What are Berries?
thin skin with seed
Why must legumes be cooked?
to be able digest
What are Seeds and Pods?
vegetable with edible seeds
What is the Cabbage Family?
vegetables grow quickly in cool weather can use flowers, leaves, and heads
What are Stems, Stalks, and Shoots?
vegetables that produce edible stems,stalks, and shoots. they are picked when they are young and tender
Name two examples in each of the eight categories of vegetables.
zucchini butternut, potatoes carrot, green beans corn, broccoli cauliflower
What does cooking do to vegetables?
Softens and intensifies flavor
What types of vegetables should be stored in a dry location at 60 - 70 degrees F?
Starchy vegetable
What does the USDA grade vegetables based on?
U.S extra fancy, U.S fancy, U.S extra No. 1, U.S No.1
What are three reasons to purchase fruit that is in season?
cost less, more plentiful, better quality
What is In Season?
during main growing season
What are the nutrients in legumes?
fat, complex carbs, protein, soluble fiber
What does vegetables add to a meal?
flavor, color, texture
What part of the plant does fruit come from?
flower
What is Ripe?
fully grown full size color depends soft flesh
What are Tropical fruit?
grow in hot tropical weather
What are Pomes?
grow on trees
What are Root?
grows deep into soil
What are mealy potatoes?
have thick skin and starchy flesh
What are waxy potatoes?
have thin skin and contains less starch than mealy potatoes
What nutrients are fruits high in?
high in potassium, dietary fiber, Vitamin C and A, folic acid
What is the Squash family?
large root system and trailing vines
What are Tubers?
large round underground stems that grow just below surface
pre-prep Leafy greens
leafy green vegetables should be washed in water bath
What are Leafy Greens?
leafy greens served raw/cooked, shrink when cooked
What are legumes?
legumes plant that has double-seamed pods that contain single row of seeds
What are Exotic fruit?
many unusual fruit ripe on/off plant
What are Melons?
netted/smooth rind
What is Ethylene Gas?
odorless colorless gas that is emitted as fruit ripen
What are Bulbs?
often used for seasoning ,flavoring, strong taste and color