Cumulative A&P 2 Exam

_____ determines which B-cell is cloned in an antibody-mediated response.

The antigen

The kidneys produce renin when

The blood pressure in the afferent arteriole DECREASES

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded

The excess remains in the urine

Plasma is ______ while formed elements are ______.

The liquid portion of the blood; the cells

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

As ADH production declines,

The urine volume decreases

Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood?

The veins

Which Statement is CORRECT?

Veins contain valves and arteries do not.

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the

hydrogen ions

The portion of the brain that regulates body temperature is the

hypothalamus

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will:

increase its rate and force of contration

The villi, microvilli, and plicae curcularis function to

increase surface area for absorption

For air to flow into or out of the lungs there must be

a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

all of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton.

Platelets

all of these choices are correct

lymph movement is assisted by?

all of these choices are correct

The MCH (major histocompatability complex) class molecules

allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells

Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place in the

alveoli

The primary source of energy for most cells is

glucose

Excess glucose in animals is stored as

glycogen

Type AB blood

has both A and B antigens on the red cells

Which of the following occurs in the large intestine?

mass movements

The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in

mastication, speech, and swallowing

The cardioregulatory center of the brain is located in the

medulla oblongata

Which of the following is NOT a principal sensor for thirst regulation?

mouth mucosa

A molecule of air enters the nose through the external nares. Which of the following is the correct pathway to the trachea?

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

nephrons

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

osmosis

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as a result of

peristaltic contrations

Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract?

pharynx

Formation of filtrate depends on a

pressure gradient

contraction of the papillary muscles would

prevent the AV valves from protruding into the atria.

plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate

protein

The function of the pericardial fluid is to

reduce friction between the pericardial membranes.

Decreased plasma clearace can indicate

renal failure

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be

retroperitoneal

The diameter of bronchioles can change because their walls contain

smooth muscle

food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by

soft palate

What structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible for the forward movement of lymph?

valves

The collecting ducts and the distal convoluted tubules

vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present

Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to

veins

Which of the following functions is associated with the nose?

warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air.

Which of the following factors assists in the return of venous blood to the heart?

2, 3, 4 valves in the veins sympathetic stimulation compression of veins by muscular movement

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them

2.4.1.3 bowman's capsule renal columns loop of henle distal convoluted tubule

Arrange the following in proper sequence:

3,1,4,2 ingestion digestion absorption elimination

Arrange the following structures in the correct sequence

3,2,1,4,5 calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

3-year-old male

Arrange the following structures in the order that air passes through them during inhalation:

4,3,1,2 terminal bronchiole respiratory bronchiole alveolar ducts alveolus

Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

All of these choices apply to the small intestine.

Which of the following respiratory membrane layers is closest to air in the alveolus?

Alveolar fluid (with surfactant)

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?

Artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Antibodies are produced by

B-cells that differentiate to form plasma cells

The enteric plexus

Controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract

Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

Increased surface area of the respiratory membrane

Adaptive immunity is stimulated by

antigens

In which of the following sequences does PO2 progressively decrease?

atmospheric air, blood in aorta, body tissues

When defective erythrocytes are broken down...

bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin

Which of the following is mismatched?

blood crossmatch-donor and recipient blood cells are mixed together.

In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?

bone marrow, blood vessels, spleen

Which of the following is (are) associated with decreased hematopoiesis?

both vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.

chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

buffers

Cholesterol

can be manufactured by most tissues

Fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in large doses because they

can be stored and accumulated in the body tissues

complement proteins

can form holes in the plasma membranes of target cells

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the tissue cells is the primary function of

capillaries

Which of the following are energy nutrients?

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

The major regulator of respiration is the plasma concentration of

carbon dioxide

The product of the stroke volume times the heart rate is known as the

cardiac output

A food that contains all 9 essential amino acids is called a(n)

complete protein

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is

composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

Precapillary sphincters

control the blood flow into capillary beds

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

detrusor muscle

when innate immunity is activated

each exposure produces the same response

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

each nephron has at least two capillary networks

From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct?

elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole capillary

Metabolic rate is the total amount of

energy produced and used by the body per unit of time

Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

increased erythropoietin levels

Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true?

increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue.

Mastication

increases the surface area of food particles

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would

indicate a systolic pressure of 120mm Hg.

interferon

is a protein that interferes with virus production and infection

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

kidney

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

kidneys

The body's main energy storage molecules are

lipids

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

liver

Which of the following organs can store glycogen?

liver and muscles

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate, tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate.

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

uncontrollable micturition