Cumulative Exam

Which process produces clones? asexual reproduction sexual reproduction chromosome duplication gamete formation

asexual reproduction

Consider this plant cell. mc007-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled G? cytoplasm cell wall cell membrane vacuole

cell membrane

Consider this plant cell. mc003-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled I? nucleus mitochondrion ribosome chloroplast

chloroplast

Poison dart frogs live in the rainforest. They produce a poison by eating toxic fire ants. The only known predator is a snake, Liophis epinephelus. Which of the following factors is most likely a density-independent regulator of population growth of poison dart frogs in the rainforest? clear cutting the rainforest limited food source susceptibility to disease increase in population of Liophis epinephelus

clear cutting the rainforest

What is the name of the process that plants use to remove carbon from the atmosphere? transpiration photosynthesis respiration decomposition

photosynthesis

Which shows the levels of organizational hierarchy listed from least complex to most complex? population, community, ecosystem ecosystem, population, community community, population, ecosystem community, ecosystem, population

population, community, ecosystem

Which of the following best describes the following characteristics: water storage, clean energy, and flood prevention? positive impact of a density-dependent limiting factor positive impact of a hurricane positive impact of beavers in an ecosystem positive impacts of dams on society

positive impacts of dams on society

A relationship in which one species consumes and the other is killed is known as predation. parasitism. commensalism. mutualism.

predation

Where are proteins made? nucleus ribosomes cytoplasm cell membrane

ribosomes

Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope

scanning tunneling microscope

Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. An individual experiences a mutation that changes a base in a tRNA strand, but during translation the tRNA strand still creates the same protein. Which type of mutation is responsible for the change in the tRNA base? silent missense nonsense insertion

silent

Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms? simple microscope compound light microscope electron microscope tunneling microscope

simple microscope

What does a karyotype show? the genetic abnormalities the relationships among family members the carriers of a genetic disorder in a family the alleles on each chromosome

the genetic abnormalities

Which level of organization is characterized by a group of cells that work together to perform a common function? organ tissue organ system organism

tissue

How many amino acids cannot be made by the body, so they must be obtained in the diet? 2 5 10 20

10

What is the difference between a community and a population? A community has only one organism, while a population has many organisms. A population has only one ecosystem, while a community has many ecosystems. A community has only one biome, while a population has many biomes. A population has only one species, while a community has many species.

A population has only one species, while a community has many species.

Which of the following can combine in a cell to convert a lower-energy molecule into a higher-energy molecule? ADP + P + energy ATP + P + energy ADP + P ATP + P

ADP + P + energy

What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to proceed, but anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration occurs during photosynthesis, but anaerobic respiration occurs during cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration produces ATP, but anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration occurs only in living organisms, but anaerobic respiration occurs in nonliving organisms.

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to proceed, but anaerobic respiration does not.

Specific processes must take place within the cell for protein synthesis to occur. mc019-1.jpg Which occurs during translation but not during transcription? A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand. A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand. A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand. An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.

An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.

Which statement about anaerobic respiration is true? Anaerobic respiration prevents muscle fatigue. Anaerobic respiration generates a high yield of ATP. Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese. Anaerobic respiration can provide energy to animals for several days in the absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.

Students are each given a 20 gram sample of an unknown solid compound in a clear plastic bag. They are instructed to break the material into smaller parts by gently hitting it with a hammer. Some of the parts break into large chunks and some look like a fine powder. Which statement correctly describes these broken pieces of the sample? The pieces of fine powder are individual atoms The larger pieces are still compounds and the smaller pieces are elements. Each piece contains the same number of atoms. Each piece contains the same proportion of different elements.

Each piece contains the same proportion of different elements. Each piece contains the same proportion of different elements.

Which describes a way in which phosphorus may enter into the phosphorus cycle? Earthquakes release phosphorus. Phosphorus is carried in the rain that was evaporated from lakes. Human use of fertilizers release phosphorus into the groundwater. Phosphorus is transpired.

Human use of fertilizers release phosphorus into the groundwater.

How does mining impact the environment? It has a positive impact on the environment by permanently altering the ecosystem. It has a positive impact on the environment by releasing chemicals into the environment. It has a negative impact on the environment by allowing toxic chemicals to harm wildlife. It has a negative impact on the environment by creating new niches for wildlife to inhabit.

It has a negative impact on the environment by allowing toxic chemicals to harm wildlife.

Which statement about the cell membrane is true? It contains cellulose and sugars that are involved in communication. It is present in animal cells only. It is rigid and elastic for supporting the cell's shape. It prevents harmful substances from entering a cell.

It prevents harmful substances from entering a cell.

How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction? It speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction by direct participation. It reacts with products to increase the concentration of reactants. It provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed. It increases the total amount of products formed.

It provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

What role does cellular respiration play in the water cycle? It removes H2O from the atmosphere during glycolysis. It removes H2O from the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation. It releases H2O to the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle. It releases H2O to the atmosphere during electron transport.

It releases H2O to the atmosphere during electron transport.

What is likely to happen to a healthy population that is experiencing exponential growth? It will eventually reach its carrying capacity. It will experience a population crash. It will go extinct in the near future. It will continue to grow exponentially indefinitely.

It will eventually reach its carrying capacity.

Stella wants to test the hypothesis "If carbon dioxide levels increase, the growth rate of sunflowers will increase." She places five young sunflower plants into similar containers and sets up pumps that release different amounts of carbon dioxide into each container. She plans to measure the daily height of the plants for two weeks and graph the data. Which additional considerations would produce the most reliable experimental results? She should also provide mist to each of the plants to keep the air moist and fertilize the plants. She should record her data in a bar graph for easy analysis. She should increase her sample size to 50 plants and place them all in the same area. The plants receiving less CO2 should be given a little more water. She should be sure to give all the flowers the same amount of water. She should make observations twice a day for four weeks for better results. She should place one flower in a similar container, but not pump carbon dioxide into it. She should also give each plant the same amount of water.

She should place one flower in a similar container, but not pump carbon dioxide into it. She should also give each plant the same amount of water.

Which statement best describes the amount of catalyst that remains at the end of a reaction? More catalyst is present at the end than at the beginning of the reaction. Less catalyst is present at the end than at the beginning of the reaction. The amount of catalyst is the same at the end as at the beginning of the reaction. The catalyst is consumed by the reaction, so none remains at the end of the reaction.

The amount of catalyst is the same at the end as at the beginning of the reaction.

If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms? The order of the codons differs between organisms. The order of the codons is the same between organisms. The codons in each organism are the same. The codons in each organism differ.

The order of the codons differs between organisms.

What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet? The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase. The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease. The person's bad cholesterol would decrease. The person's good cholesterol would increase.

The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.

What most likely happened to the population of deer in 1963 and 1964? mc024-1.jpg The population increased its death rate. The population exceeded past carrying capacity. The population crashed down to 0. The population steadily increased to get closer to carrying capacity.

The population steadily increased to get closer to carrying capacity.

The graph below compares the rates of reaction of a burning candle and an exploding firework. Comparing Chemical Reactions mc024-1.jpg What can you conclude from the graph? The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

Which statement about vacuoles is true? Only plant cells contain vacuoles. Only animal cells contain vacuoles. Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells. Vacuoles are larger in animal cells than in plant cells.

Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

Jada wants to eat a meal that will sustain her energy during a long run. Which of these food items is the best source of long-term energy? grape juice sugar cookie baked potato strawberries

baked potato

Where does a peptide bond form? between the five-carbon sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide between the R group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide

between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

The Serengeti plains are part of the African savanna ecosystem and are home to a variety of different species of plants and animals. The Serengeti plains experience a seven-month period of seasonal drought each year, during which the ecosystem receives only four inches of rain and the availability of some resources becomes very scarce. Which type of limiting factors does the seasonal drought in the Serengeti plains affect? density-independent factors density-dependent factors population-dependent factors population-independent factors

density-independent factors

Which process of genetic recombination involves genes from both parents? crossing over independent assortment fertilization tetrad formation

fetilization

Which term describes stacks of thylakoids? chloroplasts grana stroma ferredoxins

grana

The equations summarize the process of fertilization. Which equation represents fertilization? haploid + diploid = diploid diploid + haploid = haploid haploid + haploid = diploid diploid + diploid = diploid

haploid + haploid = diploid

A scientist observes a pair of separate chromosomes that have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order. However, some of the alleles for the genes are different. What is the scientist most likely observing? homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles homologous chromosomes with homozygous alleles heterozygous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles heterozygous chromosomes with homozygous alleles

homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles

Producers, such as those that make the foods that are shown below, make ATP during the process of photosynthesis. mc009-1.jpg Where in the cell was the ATP produced? in mitochondria in chloroplasts in cytoplasm in water

in chloroplasts

In which solution might a cell maintain homeostasis through diffusion? isotonic hypertonic hypotonic concentrated

istonic

The phosphorus cycle differs from the biogeochemical cycles in that it does not have an atmospheric reservoir. it does not have an oceanic reservoir. there is no assimilation of phosphorus. there is no decomposition of phosphorus.

it does not have an atmospheric reservoir.

Why is sustainable use important? to ensure that natural resources are available for future generations to help make daily life simpler by providing what every person needs to encourage scientists to make new and elaborate discoveries to prevent the exchange of resources from one region to another

to ensure that natural resources are available for future generations