Cumulative Exam
Which process produces clones?
asexual reproduction
Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled G?
cell membrane
Consider this plant cell. Which organelle is labeled I?
chloroplast
Poison dart frogs live in the rainforest. They produce a poison by eating toxic fire ants. The only known predator is a snake, Liophis epinephelus. Which of the following factors is most likely a density-independent regulator of population growth of poison dart frogs in the rainforest?
clear cutting the rainforest
What is the name of the process that plants use to remove carbon from the atmosphere?
photosynthesis
Which shows the levels of organizational hierarchy listed from least complex to most complex?
population, community, ecosystem
Which of the following best describes the following characteristics: water storage, clean energy, and flood prevention?
positive impacts of dams on society
A relationship in which one species consumes and the other is killed is known as
predation
Where are proteins made?
ribosomes
Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces?
scanning tunneling microscope
Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. An individual experiences a mutation that changes a base in a tRNA strand, but during translation the tRNA strand still creates the same protein. Which type of mutation is responsible for the change in the tRNA base?
silent
Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms?
simple microscope
What does a karyotype show?
the genetic abnormalities
Which level of organization is characterized by a group of cells that work together to perform a common function?
tissue
Why is sustainable use important?
to ensure that natural resources are available for future generations
How many amino acids cannot be made by the body, so they must be obtained in the diet?
10
What is the difference between a community and a population?
A population has only one species, while a community has many species.
Which of the following can combine in a cell to convert a lower-energy molecule into a higher-energy molecule?
ADP + P + energy
What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to proceed, but anaerobic respiration does not.
Specific processes must take place within the cell for protein synthesis to occur. Which occurs during translation but not during transcription?
An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.
Which statement about anaerobic respiration is true?
Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.
Students are each given a 20 gram sample of an unknown solid compound in a clear plastic bag. They are instructed to break the material into smaller parts by gently hitting it with a hammer. Some of the parts break into large chunks and some look like a fine powder. Which statement correctly describes these broken pieces of the sample?
Each piece contains the same proportion of different elements. Each piece contains the same proportion of different elements.
Which describes a way in which phosphorus may enter into the phosphorus cycle?
Human use of fertilizers release phosphorus into the groundwater.
How does mining impact the environment?
It has a negative impact on the environment by allowing toxic chemicals to harm wildlife.
Which statement about the cell membrane is true?
It prevents harmful substances from entering a cell.
How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction?
It provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.
What role does cellular respiration play in the water cycle?
It releases H2O to the atmosphere during electron transport.
What is likely to happen to a healthy population that is experiencing exponential growth?
It will eventually reach its carrying capacity.
Stella wants to test the hypothesis "If carbon dioxide levels increase, the growth rate of sunflowers will increase." She places five young sunflower plants into similar containers and sets up pumps that release different amounts of carbon dioxide into each container. She plans to measure the daily height of the plants for two weeks and graph the data. Which additional considerations would produce the most reliable experimental results?
She should place one flower in a similar container, but not pump carbon dioxide into it. She should also give each plant the same amount of water.
Which statement best describes the amount of catalyst that remains at the end of a reaction?
The amount of catalyst is the same at the end as at the beginning of the reaction.
If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms?
The order of the codons differs between organisms.
What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
What most likely happened to the population of deer in 1963 and 1964?
The population steadily increased to get closer to carrying capacity.
The graph below compares the rates of reaction of a burning candle and an exploding firework. What can you conclude from the graph?
The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.
Which statement about vacuoles is true?
Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.
Jada wants to eat a meal that will sustain her energy during a long run. Which of these food items is the best source of long-term energy?
baked potato
Where does a peptide bond form?
between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
The Serengeti plains are part of the African savanna ecosystem and are home to a variety of different species of plants and animals. The Serengeti plains experience a seven-month period of seasonal drought each year, during which the ecosystem receives only four inches of rain and the availability of some resources becomes very scarce. Which type of limiting factors does the seasonal drought in the Serengeti plains affect?
density-independent factors
Which process of genetic recombination involves genes from both parents?
fetilization
Which term describes stacks of thylakoids?
grana
The equations summarize the process of fertilization. Which equation represents fertilization?
haploid + haploid = diploid
A scientist observes a pair of separate chromosomes that have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order. However, some of the alleles for the genes are different. What is the scientist most likely observing?
homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles
Producers, such as those that make the foods that are shown below, make ATP during the process of photosynthesis. Where in the cell was the ATP produced?
in chloroplasts
In which solution might a cell maintain homeostasis through diffusion?
istonic
The phosphorus cycle differs from the biogeochemical cycles in that
it does not have an atmospheric reservoir.