CWI Prep Set - Terms and Definitions

Block Sequence

A combined longitudinal and cross sectional sequence for a continuous multiple pass weld in which separated increments are completely or partially welded before intervening increments are welded.

Cascade Sequence

A combined longitudinal and cross-sectional sequence in which weld passes are made in overlapping layers.

Seam Weld

A continuous weld made between or upon overlapping members, in which coalescence may start and occur on the faying surfaces, or may have proceeded from the outer surface of one member. The continuous weld may consist of a single weld bead or a series of overlapping spot welds.

Concave Fillet Weld

A fillet weld having a concave face.

Flanged T-joint

A form of a T-joint in which the butting member has a flanged edge shape at the joint, and an edge weld is not applicable.

Flanged Butt Joint

A form of a butt joint in which at least one of the members has a flanged edge shape at the joint.

Flanged Corner Joint

A form of a corner joint in which the butting member has a flanged edge shape at the joint.

Flanged Edge Joint

A form of an edge joint in which at least one of the members has a flanged edge shape at the joint.

Flanged Lap Joint

A form of lap joint in which at least one of the members has a flanged edge shape at the joint, and edge weld is not applicable.

Flanged Joint

A form of one of the five basic joint types in which at least one of the joint members has a flanged edge shape at the weld joint.

Complete Joint Penetration Weld

A groove in which weld metal extends completely through the joint thickness.

Edge Joint

A joint between the edges of two or more parallel or nearly parallel members.

Butt Joint

A joint between two members aligned approximately in the same place.

T-joint

A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of a T.

Corner Joint

A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of an L

Lap Joint

A joint between two overlapping members in parallel planes.

Nonbutting Member

A joint member that is free to move in any direction perpendicular to its thickness dimension. For example, both members of a lap joint, or one member of a T-joint or corner joint.

Butting Member

A joint member that is prevented, by the other member, from movement in one direction perpendicular to its thickness dimensions, for example, both members of a butt joint, or one member of a T-joint or corner joint.

Partial Joint Penetration Weld

A joint root condition in a groove weld in which incomplete joint penetration exists as designed.

Incomplete Joint Penetration

A joint root condition in a groove weld in which weld metal does not extend completely through the joint thickness.

Complete Joint Penetration (CJP)

A joint root condition in a groove weld in which weld metal extends completely through a joint thickness.

Backstep Sequence

A longitudinal sequence in which weld passes are made in the direction opposite to the progression of welding.

Backing

A material of device place against the back side of the joint, or at both sides of a weld in electroslag and electrogas welding, to support and retain molten weld metal. The material may be partially fused or remain unfused during welding and may be either metal or nonmetal.

Joint Filler

A metal plate inserted between the splice member and thinner joint member to accommodate joint members of dissimilar thickness in a spliced butt joint.

Root Opening

A separation at the joint root between the work pieces.

Weld Layer

A single level of weld within a multiple pass weld. A weld layer may consist of a single bead or multiple beads.

Weld Pass

A single progression of welding along a joint. The result of a pass is a weld bead or layer.

Fusion Face

A surface of the base metal that will be melted during welding or the area of base metal melted as determined on the cross section of the weld.

Buildup

A surfacing variation in which surfacing material is deposited to achieve the required dimensions.

Hardfacing

A surfacing variation in which surfacing material is deposited to reduce water.

Cladding

A surfacing variation that deposits or applies surfacing material usually to improve corrosion or heat resistance.

Buttering

A surfacing variation that deposits surfacing metal on one or more surfaces to provide metallurgically compatible weld metal for the subsequent completion of the weld.

Scarf Weld

A type of groove weld associated with brazing in which the mating members of the joint have single-bevel edge shapes. The groove faces of the joint are parallel. (Face same way / Same Hand)

Square Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating embers of the joint have square edge shapes.

U-Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating members of the joint both have single-J or double-J edge shapes.

Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating members of the joint can consist of one half-round, round, or flanged edge shape, combined with one square edge shape.

Flare-V-Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating members of the joint can consist of two half-round, two round, or two flanged edge shapes.

J-Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating members of the joint have one single-J or double-J and one square edge preparation.

Bevel Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating members of the joint have one single-bevel or double-bevel edge and one square edge preparation.

V-Groove Weld

A type of groove weld in which the mating members of the joint have single-bevel or double-bevel edge shapes. The groove faces of the joint at opposed to each other. (Face the Opposite / Opposite Hand)

Stud Weld

A type of weld associated with a general term for joining a metal stud or similar part to a work piece. the weld can be made using arc, resistance, friction or other welding processes with or without an external gas shielding.

Projection Weld

A type of weld associated with a resistance welding process that produces a weld by the heat obtained from the resistance to the flow of the welding current. The resulting welds are localized at predetermined points by projections, embossments, or intersections.

Weave Bead

A type of weld bead made with transverse oscillation.

Stringer Bead

A type of weld bead made without appreciable weaving motion.

Surfacing Weld

A weld applied to a surface, as opposed to making a joint, to obtain desired properties or dimensions.

Edge Weld

A weld in an edge joint, a flanged butt joint, or a flanged corner joint in which the full thickness of the members are fused.

Joint Type

A weld joint classification based on five basic joint configurations such as a butt joint, corner joint, edge joint, lap joint, and T-joint.

Spot Weld

A weld made between or upon overlapping members in which coalescence may start and occur on the faying surfaces or may proceed from the outer surface of one member. The weld cross section (plan view) is approximately circular.

Plug Weld

A weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member. A fillet-welded hole is not to be construed as conforming to this definition.

Groove Weld

A weld made in a groove between the work pieces.

Slot Weld

A weld made in an elongated hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member. the hole may be open at one end. A fillet welded slot is not to be construed as conforming to this definition.

Fillet Weld

A weld of approximately triangular cross section joining two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap-, T-, or corner-joint.

Weld Bead

A weld resulting from a pass.

Bevel

An angular edge shape.

Staggered Intermittent Fillet Weld

An intermittent weld on both sides of a joint in which the weld increments on one side are alternated with respect to those on the other side.

Chain Intermittent Fillet Weld

An intermittent weld on both sides of a joint in which the weld increments on one side are approximately opposite those on the other side.

Back Weld

Aw weld made at the back of a single groove welded joint after the completion of the groove weld.

Backing Weld

Backing in the form of a weld, made before the primary weld.

Root Edge

Is a root face of zero width.

Joint Root

That portion of a joint where the members approach, closest to each other. When viewed in cross section the joint root maty be either a point, a line, or an area.

Root Face

That portion of the groove face within the joint root (also know as "land") Although not shown by dimension on the weld symbol, when the depth of preparation for groove welds is subtracted from the thickness of the work piece, the difference equals the root face of the joint.

Bevel Angle

The angle between the bevel of a joint member and a plane perpendicular to the surface of the member. This dimension equals one-half of the groove or included angle when the edges of both members are prepared at the same angle. When only one member is prepared at an angle, this dimension is still indicated in the same position on the welding symbol for groove angle ,but equals the total degree of preparation for the groove.

Weld Groove

The channel in the surface of a work-piece or an opening between two joint members that provides space to contain a weld.

Boxing

The continuation of fillet weld around a corner of a member as an extension of the principle weld.

Theoretical Throat

The distance from the beginning of the joint root perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the largest right triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of a fillet weld. The dimension is based on the assumption that the root opening is equal to zero.

Fillet Weld Leg

The distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld.

Depth of Fusion

The distance that fusion extends into the base metal or previous bead from the surface melted during welding.

Joint Penetration

The distance the weld metal extends from the weld face into a joint, exclusive of weld reinforcement.

Root Penetration

The distance the weld metal extends into the joint root.

Weld Face

The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding was done.

Root Surface

The exposed surface of weld opposite the side from which welding was done.

Weld Interface

The interface between weld metal and base metal in a fusion weld, between base metals in a solid-state weld without filler metal, or between filler metal and base metal in a solid-state weld with filler metal.

Joint

The junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined.

Weld Toe

The junction of the weld face and the base metal.

Faying Surface

The mating surface of a member that is in contact with or in close proximity to another member to which it is to be joined.

Convexity

The maximum distance from the face of a convex fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the weld toes.

Fusion

The melting together of filler metal and base metal, or of base metal only, to produce a weld.

Effective Throat

The minimum distance, minus any convexity, between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.

Welding Sequence

The order of making welds in a weldment.

Depth of Bevel or Depth of Groove

The perpendicular distance from the base metal surface to the root edge or the beginning of the root face.

Weld Root

The points, shown in a cross section, at which the root surface intersects the base metal surfaces.

Edge Preparation

The preparation of the edges of the joint members, by cutting, cleaning, plating, or other means.

Groove Radius

The radius used to form the shape of a J or U groove weld.

Joint Geometry

The shape and dimensions of a joint in cross section prior to welding.

Edge Shape

The shape of the edge of the joint member.

Joint-design

The shape, dimensions, and configuration of the joint.

Actual Throat

The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of the fillet weld.

Groove Face

The surface of a joint member included in the groove. The angular distance between the surface of the base metal to the root edge, including any root face.

Groove Angle

The total included angle of the groove between work pieces in joints where both edges of the work pieces are prepared at an angle. This dimension is the total of both. (Shown as a degree dimension, placed directly above the weld symbol on other side designations, and directly below the symbol on arrow side designations.)

Splice Member

The work piece that spans the joint in a spliced joint.

Weld Reinforcement

Weld metal in excess of the quantity required to fill a joint.

Face Reinforcement

Weld reinforcement on the side of the joint from which welding was done.

Root Reinforcement

Weld reinforcement opposite the side from which welding was done.