CYU: Ch.44, 45, 47, 51, 52

Rheumatoid arthritis involves joint inflammation caused by a.trauma. b.congenital hypermobility. c.bacterial infection. d.autoimmune injury.

d.autoimmune injury.

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is a.fever. b.osteomyelitis. c.pathologic fracture. d.bone pain.

d.bone pain

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is a.cracked but not completely separated. b.broken in two or more pieces. c.broken along the long axis. d.broken and protruding through the skin.

d.broken and protruding through the skin.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion. This is necessary because subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to a.excessive volume loss. b.increased intracranial pressure. c.hypotension. d.cerebral vasospasm.

d.cerebral vasospasm.

The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are a.autoimmune damage to the synovium, destruction of articular cartilage by pannus, and thickening of synovial fluid. b.thinning of the joint capsule, resorption of bone, excessive formation of new bone, and formation of bone spurs. c.stress fractures of the epiphysis, inflammation of the diaphysis, and accumulation of excessive synovial fluid. d.degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium.

d.degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium.

Pain that waxes and wanes and is exacerbated by physical exertion is likely related to a.neuropathy. b.intermittent claudication. c.neuralgia. d.fibromyalgia syndrome.

d.fibromyalgia syndrome.

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called a.nonunion. b.disunion. c.delayed union. d.malunion.

d.malunion.

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease a.biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive. b.increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture. c.a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary. d.other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.

d.other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.

A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a.elevated serum calcium level. b.elevated monoclonal antibody titer. c.positive microsomal antibodies. d.positive antinuclear antibodies.

d.positive antinuclear antibodies.

Systemic disorders include a.adhesive capsulitis. b.osteoarthritis. c.verrucae. d.rheumatoid arthritis.

d.rheumatoid arthritis.

Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease? a.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis b.Multiple sclerosis c.Parkinson disease d.Alzheimer disease

a.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The earliest manifestation of scleroderma is a.Raynaud phenomenon. b.renal impairment. c.thick, tight, shiny skin. d.skin hyper/hypopigmentation.

a.Raynaud phenomenon.

A severe complication of elevated intracranial pressure is a.brain herniation. b.hydrocephalus. c.burr hole. d.Cushing reflex.

a.brain herniation.

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is a.cerebral vasodilation. b.REM sleep. c.hypernatremia. d.respiratory hyperventilation.

a.cerebral vasodilation.

The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will a.decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord. b.activate opioid receptors in the CNS. c.enhance perception of pain. d.increase secretion of substance P in the spinal cord.

a.decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord.

A risk factor for osteoporosis is a.early menopause. b.late menopause. c.ovarian cysts. d.endometriosis.

a.early menopause.

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of a.immune injury to basement membranes. b.impaired tissue oxygen transport. c.excessive production of connective tissue. d.formation of osteophytes in tissues.

a.immune injury to basement membranes.

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include a.left-sided muscle weakness and neglect. b.right visual field blindness. c.cortical blindness. d.expressive and receptive aphasia.

a.left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.

The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on a.maintaining an airway. b.documenting the seizure pattern. c.administering anticonvulsant medication. d.obtaining an EEG.

a.maintaining an airway.

Tophi are a.renal calculi composed of uric acid. b.deposits of urate crystals in tissues. c.spots that coalesce in a malar rash. d.painful edematous joints.

a.renal calculi composed of uric acid.

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called a.tophaceous gout. b.gouty arthritis. c.asymptomatic hyperuricemia. d.complicated gout.

a.tophaceous gout.

Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes a.lesions affecting the palms of hands and the soles of feet. b.a butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose. c.dry, scaly patches in the antecubital area and behind the knees. d.cracked, scaly areas in the webs of fingers.

b.a butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose

Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by a.loss of articular cartilage in weight-bearing joints. b.inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints. c.immune mechanisms leading to widespread joint inflammation. d.excessive bone remodeling leading to soft bone.

b.inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.

It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because each stage provides an opportunity for a.education. b.intervention. c.documentation. d.stimulation.

b.intervention.

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of a.vascular insufficiency. b.noncontractile tissue injury. c.skeletal muscle damage. d.contractile tissue injury.

b.noncontractile tissue injury.

Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to a.parasympathetic nervous system activation. b.sympathetic nervous system activation. c.loss of brainstem reflexes. d.autoregulation of body systems

b.sympathetic nervous system activation

A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of a.contractures. b.tender point pain. c.muscle atrophy. d.head pain.

b.tender point pain.

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when a.no movement of the break is detectable. b.the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone. c.a cast is no longer required to stabilize the break. d.the fracture site and surrounding soft tissue are pain free

b.the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone.

"Tell me again the name of that chemical that makes crystals when my gout flares up," asks the client. The nurse's best response is a.calcium phosphate. b.uric acid. c.urea. d.beta-hydroxybutyric acid.

b.uric acid.

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of a.calcium. b.vitamin D. c.phosphate. d.estrogen.

b.vitamin D.

Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt a.on the same side of the body. b.within the same dermatome. c.within 10 to 15 cm area. d.with slightly less intensity.

b.within the same dermatome.

A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage. a.8 b.12 c.3 d.15

c.3

Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning? a.No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing b.Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only c.Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response d.Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally

c.Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of a.multiple sclerosis. b.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. c.Guillain-Barré syndrome. d.myasthenia gravis.

c.Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis? a.There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans. b.MS is more common in men than women. c.The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years. d.There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans.

c.The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage a.muscular dystrophy. b.rheumatoid arthritis. c.myasthenia gravis. d.fibromyalgia.

c.myasthenia gravis.

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include a.ataxia and intention tremor. b.skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor. c.rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity. d.intention tremor and akinesia

c.rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.

Slow pain sensation is transmitted primarily by a.α motor neurons. b.group Ia afferents. c.unmyelinated C fibers. d.Aδ fibers.

c.unmyelinated C fibers.

Pain is thought of as a.always the result of tissue damage that activates nociceptors. b.experienced in the same way by all individuals. c.associated with changes in vital signs reflecting its intensity. d.a subjective experience that is difficult to measure objectively.

d.a subjective experience that is difficult to measure objectively.

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of a.Parkinson disease. b.hydrocephalus. c.Guillain-Barré syndrome. d.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

d.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.