D073 Unit 5

Communication process; eight essential components

1) Source- imagines, creates, and sends the message; first determine the message, what to say and how to say it, second choose the right order or perfect words to convey the intended message, third is to present or second the information to the receiver or audience 2) Message- is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience; also consists of the way you say it, your tone of voice, your body language, your appearance, your writing style, the punctuation, and the headings and formats you choose(in your writings) 3) Channel- how the message or messages travel between the source and receiver; depends on many factors such as how quickly the information needs to be received, the level of confidentiality of the message, the hierarchal relationships of the communicators, and even factors like location, gender, culture, and educational level of the recipient 4) Receiver- receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source; when decoded pass through the receivers filter ie:mood or mindset; the more alike the sender and receiver the more likely the message will be understood as it was intended, the least alike the more likely it won't be understood 5) Feedback- when you respond to the source intentionally or unintentionally; verbal or nonverbal; can also give a chance for the receiver or audience to ask for clarification 6) Environment- the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive messages 7) Context- context of communication interaction involves the setting scene, and expectations of the individuals involved 8) Noise/Interference- can come from any source; anything that blocks or changes the source's intended meaning of the message

Perception checking

A strategy to help us monitor our reactions to and perceptions about people and communication.

Kolb learning cycle

Experience- involves the concrete events or conversations that happen to an individual Reflection- requires considering what happened or what was said during the experience Abstract conceptualization- requires considering what the experience means in one's world New perspective- result of considering how the experience fits into one's own world Active experimentation- result of developing a new perspective of the world

Transmission model of communication

Shannon & Weaver; models a telephone with the sender directly sending the message to the receiver; linear one-way communication

Gibbs reflective cycle

Six phases- experience, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan

Diagonally

between and among levels of an organization; Ex: a message from a customer service representative up to a manager, or a message from the CFO down to all department heads

External

communications deliver specific business messages to individuals outside an organization

Interaction model of communication

describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts

Vertically

down from top management or up from the frontline

Transaction model of communication

each participant acts as a combination sender-receiver; people create realities, generate communities, and form intercultural alliances

Horizontal movement

from sender to receiver

Triple bottom line

how a decision might affect an organization economically, socially, and environmentally

Informal communication

ineffective communication hen explicit and implicit messages are not received

Lateral

information is between and among levels of the organization

Indirect communication

is passive in nature and can create additional anxiety and fear above and beyond the specifics of delivering a negative message

Public communication

one person speaks to the group of a people, same is true in public written communication

Encoding

process of converting information into a particular form

Channel richness

refers to the amount and immediacy of information that can be transmitted

Auxiliary message

refers to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated; includes vocal inflection, gestures, posture, and rate of speech, all of which influence the interpretation or perception of your message

Primary message

refers to the intentional content, both verbal and nonverbal

Secondary message

refers to the unintentional content, both verbal and nonverbal

Oral communicatin

should be used when the message to be delivered can instill, confusion, anxiety, or an emotional response from the receivers; it is direct and provides an opportunity for immediate feedback

Competitive listening

type of listening occurs when each party is interested in sharing their point of view

Passive listening

type of listening occurs when one is not interested in what the other is communicating

Active listening

type of listening occurs when two individuals work to understand what each is communicating

Appreciative listening

type of listening refers to an individual enjoying the information that is being communicated to them