DA neuro questions

The nurse is teaching about caring for a patient who has undergone surgery for herniated nucleus pulposus. Which statement indicates a need for further education? Select all that apply. "Changes in respiratory rate and effort may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak." "I will inspect the surgical site to detect signs of hemorrhage or a cerebrospinal fluid leak." "Monitoring the neurological status of the patient helps to detect early and subtle changes." "I will advise the patient to maintain the body in good alignment since it helps to prevent infection." "Encouraging range of motion exercises in the patients decreases the risk of contracture development."

"Changes in respiratory rate and effort may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak." "I will advise the patient to maintain the body in good alignment since it helps to prevent infection."

The nurse is teaching about the interventions provided before a cerebral angiography procedure. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching? "I must advise the patient to be well hydrated and to drink plenty of fluids." "I must inform the patient that it takes 60 to 120 minutes for the procedure." "I will ensure that the procedure is started only after the patient gives informed consent." "I will inform the patient not to worry if he or she feels warmth when the IV contrast is administered."

"I must advise the patient to be well hydrated and to drink plenty of fluids."

The nurse is working with a client who has recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and is now being discharged from the hospital setting. What advice would you provide to the client to prevent possible flare-ups of the disease process? "Make sure to get adequate rest." "Keep your home warm and humid." "Power through stressful situations and life events." "Diet does not affect your disorder."

"Make sure to get adequate rest."

The nurse is teaching about monitoring for clinical manifestations when assessing spinal shock in a patient. Which statement indicates effective teaching? Select all that apply. "The patient would have low urine output." "The patient would have improper digestion." "The patient would have low blood pressure." "The patient would have a decreased heart rate." "The patient would not show reflexes if tapped on the knee."

"The patient would have low urine output." "The patient would have improper digestion." "The patient would not show reflexes if tapped on the knee."

Which interventions should the nurse implement for the patient with Parkinson's disease (PD)? Select all that apply. Elevate head of bed when eating and drinking. Arrange speech therapy for the patient. Teach the patient to take long steps while walking. Teach the patient to call the healthcare provider for medical compliance. Discuss and evaluate the patient's ability to drive.

-Elevate head of bed when eating and drinking. -Arrange speech therapy for the patient. -Teach the patient to call the healthcare provider for medical compliance. -Discuss and evaluate the patient's ability to drive.

Which are major ascending tracts of the spinal cord? Select all that apply. -Tectospinal tract -Fasciculus gracilis -Spinoreticular tract -medial reticulospinal tract -Posterior spinocerebellar tract

-Fasciculus gracilis Rationale: The fasciculus gracilis is an ascending tract of the spinal cord. -Spinoreticular tract Rationale: The spinoreticular tract is an ascending tract of the spinal cord. -Posterior spinocerebellar tract Rationale: The posterior spinocerebellar tract is an ascending tract of the spinal cord.

Which neurotransmitters are inhibitory? Select all that apply. Acetylcholine Serotonin Dopamine Glutamate Gamma-aminobutyric acid

-Serotonin -Dopamine -Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Which surgical procedure is used to treat the patient with Parkinson's disease (PD)? Vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) Stereotactic pallidotomy Deep brain stimulation Partial corpus callosectomy

.Stereotactic pallidotomy Rationale: Stereotactic pallidotomy involves the opening of the pallidum within the corpus striatum. A cylindrical rod or electrode is implanted, allowing the targeted area to receive mild electrical stimulation to reduce tremors and the rigidity associated with PD.

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with autonomic dysreflexia (AD). Which action performed by the nurse indicates a need for correction? Placing an indwelling urinary catheter in the patient Applying antiembolism stockings on the patient Monitoring the patient's blood pressure every 5 minutes Checking the patient's body for the presence of pressure ulcers

Applying antiembolism stockings on the patient

Which spinal cord injury complications are related to the respiratory system? Select all that apply. Bradycardia Atelectasis Venous pooling Impaired tissue perfusion Pneumonia

Atelectasis Rationale: Atelectasis is a spinal cord injury complication related to the respiratory system. Pneumonia Rationale: Pneumonia is a spinal cord injury complication related to the respiratory system.

Which complication may be associated with multiple sclerosis syndrome? Ascending paralysis leading to respiratory failure Bladder dysfunction Superficial thrombophlebitis Contact dermatitis

Bladder dysfunction

Which sign is included in the triad of symptoms referred to as Cushing's triad? Tachypnea Ptosis Narrowing pulse pressure Bradycardia

Bradycardia Rationale: Bradycardia would be present in Cushing's triad.

A patient involved in an auto accident has severe spinal cord injuries. If the patient is having difficulty with diaphragmatic breathing, which level of the spinal cord is injured? C1 to C4 C6 to C7 T1 to T12 Below L1 Obstructive lung disease

C6 to C7

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a spinal injury. The patient reports difficulty in breathing. Which region of the spinal cord is injured? Sacral region Cervical region Lumbar region Thoracic region

Cervical region Rationale: Cervical injuries occur in the chest; therefore, a patient with an injury to the cervical region may report difficulty in breathing.

This nurse is caring for a patient with this stabilization device. What is the nurse's priority action to prevent complications? Administer pain medications. Clean pins to prevent infection. Confirm that weights are hanging freely. Monitor for bleeding at pin sites.

Clean pins to prevent infection.

A patient reports numbness, pain, weakness in the lower extremities, and an inability to control motor movement. The primary healthcare provider prescribes gabapentin and tramadol. What should be the outcome of this intervention? Decreased lower back pain Suppression of spinal cord tumors Reduced symptoms of multiple sclerosis Relief from symptoms associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Decreased lower back pain

Which confirms the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)? Neuropsychiatric testing Written and oral testing Examination of the brain following death Examination of cerebrospinal fluid

Examination of the brain following death

The nurse is assisting in a lumbar puncture and the spinal fluid is pink. Before assuming there is a problem, what should the nurse question? If the patient is on blood thinners If the procedure was traumatic If the specimen was contaminated If the patient's laboratory values are normal

If the procedure was traumatic

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with Alzheimer's disease recently admitted to a nursing home. What priority goals should the nurse consider? Select all that apply. Maintain patient safety Socialization with residents Improve the quality of life Perform ADLs independently Independently take medications

Maintain patient safety Improve the quality of life

The nurse if reviewing the spinal fluid report for a patient. The report shows that the glucose level is low. What is a reason for this finding? Meningitis Cerebral edema Diabetes Severe infection

Meningitis Rationale: Glucose level in the spinal fluid will decrease in meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

What is the goal of medication therapy, such as beta interferon, when used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis? Modify the course of disease progression Prevent the development of blood clots Treat clinical symptoms of spasticity Help to maintain core temperature

Modify the course of disease progression

Which spinal cord disorder is characterized by the buildup of scar tissue or plaques? Multiple sclerosis (MS) Spinal cord tumors Herniated nucleus pulposus Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A client with multiple sclerosis is most likely to benefit from what type of therapy in the treatment of muscle spasticity symptoms? Muscle relaxants Increased fluid intake Corticosteroids Analgesics

Muscle relaxants

Which client presentation is indicative of a clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? Hearing loss Numbness or weakness in at least one limb Nasal congestion Petechiae

Numbness or weakness in at least one limb

Which patient is the most appropriate candidate for administration of riluzole? Patient A Patient B patient c Patient D Antipyretics

Patient D (Rationale: Riluzole is an example of the benzothiazole class of medications and is used to treat ALS.)

The nurse is caring for a patient in the skilled nursing facility with the condition here. Who should be included as a part of the collaborative team? Select all that apply. Physical therapist Patient and family Occupational therapist Security guard Speech therapist

Physical therapist Patient and family Occupational therapist Speech therapist

Which diagnostic test is used to diagnose cancer with rapidly dividing cancer cells? Electroencephalogram Computed axial tomography Positron emission tomography Computed tomographic perfusion scan

Positron emission tomography Rationale: Positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a very sensitive test for detecting cancer as rapidly dividing cancer cells absorb the tracer (FDG), making them detectable with this imaging.

Which finding is used to diagnose the presence of Parkinson's disease (PD)? Electroencephalogram (EEG) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing Presence of tremors and muscular rigidity

Presence of tremors and muscular rigidity

Which type of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the gradual progression of symptoms without remissions? Relapsing remitting Primary progressive Progressive relapsing Secondary progressive

Primary progressive (Rationale: The primary progressive type of MS is characterized by gradual progression of symptoms with no remissions; however, there may be temporary plateaus.)

Which is not seen in Cushing's triad? Rapid heart rate Increase in systolic pressure Decrease in diastolic pressure Alterations in respiratory rate

Rapid heart rate

Which are the best descriptions of the nucleus pulposus? Select all that apply. Shock absorbers Calloused material Firm Spongy material Fluid

Shock absorbers Rationale: In between the individual vertebrae are discs that act as shock absorbers. Firm Rationale: The discs are composed of a firm material. Spongy material Rationale: The discs are composed of a spongy material.

The home healthcare nurse is caring for an elderly patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Which intervention should the nurse implement for the patient? Provide the patient with semi-soft diet. Encourage the patient to take an afternoon nap. Provide the patient with a different schedule every day. Speak calmly using positive statements.

Speak calmly using positive statements.

What is a normal finding for the spinal fluid of a lumbar puncture? Cloudy fluid Protein > 50 mg/dL Specific gravity 1.007 Pressure 22 mm Hg

Specific gravity 1.007 Rationale: Abnormal is greater than 1.007.

A patient has impairment of lower extremity function and poor trunk control. Which part of the spinal cord is the patient most likely to have injured? Sacral region Cervical region Lumbar region Thoracic region

Thoracic region Rationale: Paraplegia is the impairment in the motor and sensory functions of the lower extremities. The patient who suffers from thoracic injuries often has paraplegia and poor trunk control.

Which describes the role of the speech therapist in terms of care provided for a patient with Parkinson's disease? To maximize independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) To evaluate the patient's ability to swallow To provide exercises that increase strength To promote home safety

To evaluate the patient's ability to swallow

Which assessment finding corresponds with the first stage of Parkinson's disease (PD)? Upper extremity tremors Muscle rigidity Shuffling gait Postural instability

Upper extremity tremors (Rationale: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by five progressive stages. In the first initial stage, the patient usually presents with unexplained unilateral weakness and upper extremity tremors.)

Which assessment should the nurse be most concerned about for the patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) following a brain tumor resection? -Quarter-sized dried blood on skull dressing -vomiting -low grade temp -decreased UO

Vomiting Rationale: Patients with increased ICP may demonstrate symptoms of changes in level of consciousness, vomiting, headaches, and seizures. Low grade temperature Rationale: This is not uncommon after surgery due to inflammation. Decreased urine output Rationale: This could be a concern but is not the highest priority.

Which noninvasive study is done to assess the skull and spinal column for fractures, compression, stenosis, and malformation, and can identify areas of injury or trauma? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) X-ray Electromyography (EMG) Discogram

X-ray Rationale: In case of x-rays, a radiation beam is passed through the back to produce two-dimensional pictures of the patient.

A patient is diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) characterized by flaccidity. Which complication is associated with this? dementia dysphagia lower back pain slurred speech

lower back pain

Anticholinergics are used to reduce tremors and drooling associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Which side effect of this drug contraindicates it for older patients? Memory impairment Urinary frequency Nausea and vomiting Disorders of impulse control

memory impairment

What is the area of the neurological system that cover the spinal cord and can become inflamed? Meninges Vertebrae Cerebrospinal fluid Blood-brain barrier

meninges

The nurse is caring for a patient after a stroke who is having difficulty processing visual information. What part of the patient's brain is most like involved? Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

occipital

Which consists of 12 pairs of spinal nerves? Sacral region Lumbar region Cervical region Thoracic region

thoracic

The nurse is assessing a patient who has increased intracranial pressure. Which assessment finding should remain stable? Vital signs Motor function Pupillary function Level of consciousness

vital signs

Which procedure is best to diagnose spinal stenosis? X-ray studies Computed tomography (CT) Cerebral angiography Computed tomography angiography

x-ray