Danzinger 1-4
Since World War II, there has been an increase in ethnoreligious conflicts throughout the world. One example is the conflict between Hindus and Buddhists in Sri Lanka. This might be explained by __________
a theory of clashing political cultures or political civilizations
Political scientists classify feelings or emotions based on political events as __________ orientations.
affective
In almost every contemporary society, the domains subject to politics
are very large
What ideology would argue that material inequality is natural and inevitable and that any attempt to promote material equality will only cause social conflict and instability?
conservatism
If an individual grows up in a society where poverty is widespread, the likelihood that that person will engage in political rebellion is __________.
difficult to predict
Politics is associated with those aspects of life that
have public significance
In contrast to ideological parties, pragmatic parties tend to __________.
hold more flexible goals and are oriented toward moderate or incremental policy change
Which of the following groups is most likely to participate in the next U.S. presidential election?
people who are highly educated with higher income
In most political systems, what is considered the broadest linkage institution?
political party
Which agent of socialization becomes more important as one becomes an adult?
social networks
In the United States, President Bill Clinton was criticized for "renting the Lincoln Bedroom" in the White House. What was the primary purpose of allowing people to spend time in this historic room?
to seek political contributions
The political process involves the competition of __________ and __________ in the determination of who gets what, when, and how.
values; interests
Research shows that most people's short-term political opinions are __________.
volatile
What is the most reliable comparative empirical data on political participation in countries around the world?
voter turnout in national elections
The difference between normative political theory and empirical political theory can be otherwise described as the difference between __________.
what should be and what is in society
According to research, which two countries have vastly different values, including attitudes about gay rights?
Switzerland and Zambia
Democratic socialists disagree with Marxist-Leninist socialists on what point?
the use of violence to promote change
What is the goal of science and the scientific method?
to answer what, why, and how questions
Under which circumstances can a nonassociational interest group become a social movement?
when its activities on an issue of social change become more sustained, organized, and reliant on unconventional tactics
Intuition is based on feeling and a sense of understanding or empathy. Which statement below represents an appeal to intuition?
Make America Great Again!
Why is it difficult to obtain adequate explanations about political phenomena?
Patterns of cause and effect can be extremely complex.
What framework of analysis would best explain why two rival tribes are in conflict?
the intergroup relations approach
Social networks include friends and colleagues from peer groups such as work, school, and church. Which of the following best describes the effect social networks have on political socialization?
A person tends to be influenced by what "people like me" think.
Which group is considered an extremist group on the basis of its willingness to pursue extensive, radical agendas through any means necessary?
Boko Haram
Which countries do experts believe have operational nuclear devices as part of the so-called "nuclear club"?
China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Which of the following is a correct assessment of the role of demographic characteristics in predicting voting behavior?
Demographic characteristics can predict how someone is likely to vote.
Why are demographic characteristics so important to study in terms of understanding voting and elections?
Demographic factors influence not only if someone is likely to vote, but also for whom he or she is likely to vote.
Mohandas Gandhi and Osama bin Laden came from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and had similar influences in early life, but their political ideologies and behaviors differed dramatically. What shortcoming of political personality research does this highlight?
Early influences do not necessarily predict later political behavior.
Imagine that you are traveling in Europe and the newspaper is reporting on the activities of Le Republique en Marche near you. You are most likely in __________.
France
While stereotypes are not considered a valid way to judge someone from a given culture, some political scientists have used national character studies to anticipate how any given country is likely to act, based on history, culture, and popular beliefs in that country. Which of the following is an example of a national character?
Germany is a natural leader for the European Union because the Germans tend to be organized, industrious, and fiscally conservative.
In Saudi Arabia, what best explains why there are fewer women political activists?
Islamic law, as it is applied in Saudi Arabia, does not treat men and women equally.
The notion that most Americans have very little political knowledge and are largely ignorant about politics is associated with which researcher?
Philip Converse
Which of the following statements offers examples of descriptive, explanatory, and prescriptive knowledge (in that order)?
President Barack Obama was elected to two terms; he appealed to younger and minority voters to win campaigns; future Democratic candidates should employ a similar strategy to win
Which of the following best describes the importance of religion in political socialization?
Religion can influence people's political beliefs and actions.
What are the four essential characteristics of the scientific method?
Science is empirical, cumulative, testable, and entails a search for regularities
Hannah is a progressive in the United States and votes for the Democratic Party. What is the likely effect of her social networks on her political opinions?
The political views expressed by Hannah's peers and colleagues reinforce her political opinions.
Researchers often use public opinion polls to determine what percentage of people hold a particular political belief. Why should these polls be regarded with caution?
The researchers conducting the poll could be biased, or the data could be open to different interpretations.
Suppose German twins are separated four months after birth. One grows up in Germany and the other in South Africa. They meet 20 years later and realize they have strikingly similar political beliefs and behaviors. How would you account for this?
There may be a genetic, biological, or inherited predisposition for political behavior.
Which of the following is a true statement about Samuel Huntington's analyses of civilizations?
They are controversial and not completely supported by empirical evidence
A few disaffected Muslim teenagers are planning a terrorist attack in revenge for the mistreatment and persistent discrimination they have experienced. Recent studies of the psychology of those who engage in terrorist attacks have found that terrorists tend to share certain traits. Which of the following is likely to be true about these teenagers and their motivations?
They feel alienated and frustrated.
Why are boundary-spanning hybrids of the discipline of political science valuable?
They link with other fields of inquiry.
If I were to meet an important politician and spend my time with her describing my personal experiences as an immigrant in order to convince her to take a different position on immigration policy, what kind of evidence would I be using to support my position?
anecdotal
National character studies are sometimes criticized because they __________
are often generalizations that oversimplify political reality
Major economic organizations with whom the government cultivates a special relationship because they can influence political decisions or policy changes may include __________.
business, labor, farmers
What ideology values individual freedom above all and believes the role of government should be quite limited?
classical liberalism
Which of the following pairs of ideologies are most opposed to each other?
classical liberalism and Marxist-Leninist socialism
In addition to Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy, which other groups stand in the greatest numbers against the military dictatorship in Myanmar?
college students and Buddhist monks
If you were evaluating rates of voter turnout in 10 different countries, what subfield of political science would be involved?
comparative politics
What ideology is opposed to egalitarianism or material equality?
conservatism
When taken together, characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, income, social class, and occupation are known as a person's __________ characteristics.
demographic
Philip Converse's research found that a small group of Americans possesses a sophisticated political belief system with detailed political knowledge, while the rest of the population is largely ignorant in terms of political knowledge. How did Converse characterize the belief system of this small group?
elite
Which type of knowledge is evidence-based and obtained through rigorous scientific observation?
empirical political knowledge
The greatest flaws in theories of national character, as discussed by Samuel Huntington, have been exposed by __________.
empirical research documenting considerable differences in political beliefs within one country or culture
The fact that the voting rate in Vietnam is so much higher than in the United States illustrates the importance of what in understanding a person's political behavior?
environment
In order to facilitate the coordination of government operations, political parties tend to __________.
establish an internal hierarchy
Political beliefs based on a synthesis of facts and feelings are called __________ orientations.
evaluative
Which of the following is the first—and often the most powerful and lasting—agent of political socialization?
family
Developing a taxonomy is often the __________ stage in political analysis.
first
Most political organizations could not function effectively without __________ because they do the day-to-day work of politics.
foot soliders
Associational interest groups are formed to __________.
further the political objectives of their own members
Public opinion polls __________
gather, aggregate, and summarize the attitudes of many people on certain issues
In Iran, the Koran is the central Islamic religious text. Political scientists would consider this a
general authority source
Corporatism involves the close cooperation of, and coordination among, major sectoral interest groups such as business, labor, or farmers working alongside _________
government agencies
Political theory as a subfield of political science is primarily concerned with
ideas and debates concerning important political issues
Salience is the __________.
importance or significance that a person attaches to his or her beliefs
A prescription __________.
is a value judgment that indicates what should occur and should be done
Homo politicus is a phrase coined by Aristotle that _________
is not consistent with recent research findings regarding the salience of political issues for most people
Since we know that the broader cultural, social, economic, and physical environments can have indirect but powerful influences on a person's political behavior, we can posit that a woman who grows up in Saudi Arabia, where the culture traditionally relegates women to a secondary role, is __________.
less likely to run for office than her counterpart in Rwanda, where the government values women in office
Being unmarried, having children, being of higher socioeconomic status, being female, and being non-white are all characteristics that are correlated with __________
more contentious political action
If you are influenced by a party's stated beliefs and trust that it would represent your own viewpoints, you have established a clear __________.
party identification
Personal thought is problematic as a source of political knowledge because __________.
people have different experiences, thereby reaching different opinions, and there is no method for resolving these differences
Voting and campaign activities influence the selection and action of political authorities. This demonstrates the concept of __________.
political action
Which of the following are furthered when many people come together to join a political group?
political agendas
In France, if the president had an extramarital affair, it would not get much press coverage. In the United States, presidential candidates are scrutinized for marital fidelity and adherence to heterosexual norms. A violation of such norms is sometimes reason for a candidate or elected official to resign. The differences between the two countries can best be explained by differing _________
political environments
Successful __________ capture supreme political power within a government and use it with extraordinary energy and effect.
political leaders
Imagine a group that is established to push for specific political changes, but does not attempt to elect candidates to public office. This would mean that the group would fail to be considered a(n) __________
political party
We know that the standard practices of politics vary by country. Thus, political scientists would be interested in a situation in which one country considers something to be __________ and another country considers it to be _________.
private; public
Politics is the
process through which power and influence are used in the promotion of certain values and interests
Terrorism is the threat of or the use of violence to promote a political agenda. Terrorists usually choose their targets carefully to gain maximum attention and exposure for their cause or grievance. Which theory best explains the political psychology of terrorists?
rational choice theory
What approach to political psychology—explaining political behavior according to psychology—claims that people have relatively stable preferences and that they will try to think through how to achieve outcomes consistent with those preferences?
rational choice theory
An ideal type is a __________.
set of distinctive forms of a phenomenon defined in order to reveal the different ways in which key characteristics can be combined
The key element of the subfield of comparative politics is that it focuses on __________.
similarities and differences in political processes and structures
What factor has increased the willingness and ability of individuals to join in public protests against unpopular regimes, leaders, and policies?
social networking technologies
What ideology believes in promoting equality among people, particularly material equality?
socialism
If you place great confidence in your teacher regarding his political knowledge, which source of authority does he represent?
specific
Which of the following is the most extreme example of how schools can influence a person's political beliefs?
students memorize the life stories and sayings of their leaders
Certain groups are known as "linkage institutions" because they _______
tend to link people to the political system
The study of international relationships includes knowledge about international organizations. Which of the following organizations is considered an international organization?
the United Nations
