DB MGMT FINAL

What is authentication? a. Confirming the identity of a person, a process of giving individuals access based on their identity. b. Controls incorporated in a data management system that restrict access to data. c. Protection of database data against accidental or intentional misuse.

a. Confirming the identity of a person, a process of giving individuals access based on their identity.

In 1986, SQL was adopted as a standard by what organization? a. American National Standards Institute. b. American Standards Institute. c. International Standards Organization.

a. American National Standards Institute.

When is it more appropriate to use flat files than a DBMS? a. Applications that have no need for multiple-user access to data. b. Many concurrent queries are expected. c. Simple, well-defined database applications that change often. d. When there are no time requirements.

a. Applications that have no need for multiple-user access to data.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a security attack? a. Applying roles to grant access to sensitive data. b. Privilege escalation. c. SQL injection.

a. Applying roles to grant access to sensitive data.

What are controls called that restrict database access and activities? a. Authorization rules. b. Business rules. c. External controls. d. Internal controls.

a. Authorization rules.

What SQL statement causes all data changes in a transaction to be made permanent? a. COMMIT. b. ROLLBACK. c. SET.

a. COMMIT.

What SQL syntax elements are classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)? a. CREATE, ALTER, RENAME, DROP. b. INSERT INTO, SET, WHERE. c. COMMIT, ROLLBACK, GRANT, REVOKE.

a. CREATE, ALTER, RENAME, DROP.

What is a synonym for an attribute in a relational database? a. Column. b. Relation. c. Row. d. Table.

a. Column.

What are characteristics of a Database Administrator's work? a. Complex, repetitive, time-consuming and requires specialized training. b. Easy, rewarding, time-consuming and requires specialized training. c. High stress, demanding, tedious and requires an advanced degree. d. Low stress, repetitive, and intellectually challenging.

a. Complex, repetitive, time-consuming and requires specialized training.

What is a drawing of high-level entities for an organization and relationships among ... called? a. Conceptual data model. b. External data model. c. Logical data model. d. Physical data model.

a. Conceptual data model.

What type of subquery is nested inside another outer query from which it uses values? a. Correlated Type II subquery. b. Dependent subquery. c. Simple Type I subquery

a. Correlated Type II subquery.

Apache ____ is a database that uses JSON for documents and JavaScript for MapReduce queries. a. CouchDB. b. Hadoop. c. MySQL. d. SQL Server.

a. CouchDB.

What is the entry level in typical hierarchy for database administration? a. Data analysts/query designers. b. Development DBAs. c. Junior DBAs. d. Systems DBAs.

a. Data analysts/query designers.

In Figure 4, which of the following business rules would apply? a. Each part must be supplied by exactly one vendor to any number of warehouses. b. Each vendor can supply many parts to any number of warehouses, but need not supply any parts. c. Each warehouse can supplied with any number of parts from more than one vendor, and each warehouse may be supplied with no parts.

a. Each part must be supplied by exactly one vendor to any number of warehouses.

What is the intention of DBA automation? a. Enable DBA to focus on proactive activities like performance and service level management. b. Increase the number of databases and reduce standardization of database schema. c. Reduce the number of DBAs needed to operate a database.

a. Enable DBA to focus on proactive activities like performance and service level management.

What is a major benefit of creating a conceptual data model? a. Facilitates interaction between project stakeholders. b. Improves analysis phase of SDLC. c. Insures the database is appropriate for existing hardware and software. d. Speeds up system design.

a. Facilitates interaction between project stakeholders.

What is relational algebra? a. Formal system for manipulating relations. b. A non-procedural query language. c. A procedural programming language. d. A visual query language for manipulating relations.

a. Formal system for manipulating relations.

What is HDFS? a. Hadoop Distributed File System. b. Hierarchical Data File System. c. Horizontal Distributed File System.

a. Hadoop Distributed File System.

A row or a tuple has a ______ schema, but an entire database has a _____ schema. a. Relation; relational. b. Relational; relation. c. Relation; domain. d. Relational; domain.

a. Relation; relational.

What does the notations XY indicate? a. The value of X determines the value of Y. b. The value of Y determines the value on X. c. X is an element of the relation Y. d. X is a tuple that determines the value of Y.

a. The value of X determines the value of Y.

What is backup recovery? a. Where the before-images are applied to the database. b. Where the after-images are applied to the database. c. Where the after-images and before-images are applied to the database. d. Switching to an alternative, existing copy of the database.

a. Where the before-images are applied to the database.

A relation that contains no multivalued attributes, and has non-key attributes solely dependent on the primary key, but contains transitive dependencies is in which normal form? a. 1NF. b. 2NF. c. 3NF.

b. 2NF.

For most business transactional databases, what normal form is used? a. 2NF. b. 3NF. c. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). d. 4NF.

b. 3NF.

Which of the following conditions DOES NOT suggest a surrogate key should be created for the primary key of a relation? a. A compromise primary key would be used. b. A dependent relation exists. c. A natural primary key is insufficient. d. The natural primary key is recycled.

b. A dependent relation exists.

What are the four attributes of a data warehouse specified by Inmon? a. Facts, Dimensions, Subject, Time Variant. b. Integrated, Nonvolatile, Subject-Oriented, Time Variant. c. Integrated, Subject-Oriented, Tested, Time Variant. d. Nonvolatile, Subject-Oriented, Tested, Time Variant.

b. Integrated, Nonvolatile, Subject-Oriented, Time Variant.

What is JSON? a. Java Simple Object Notation. b. JavaScript Object Notation. c. JavaScript Object Numbering.

b. JavaScript Object Notation.

What relational operation causes two or more tables with a common domain to be combined into a single or view? a. Comparison. b. Join. c. Projection. d. Subquery.

b. Join.

How does the Kimball approach to design of a data warehouse differ from the Inmon approach? a. Inmon is a proponent of bottom-up design while Kimball advocates top-down design. b. Kimball advocates creating data marts first to provide reporting and analytical capabilities for specific business processes. c. Inmon advocates for using the Star schema. d. A and C. e. B and C.

b. Kimball advocates creating data marts first to provide reporting and analytical capabilities for specific business processes.

What is the purpose of the SQL Where clause? a. Limits the column data that are returned. b. Limits the row data that are returned. c. Both A and B are correct. d. Both A and B are incorrect.

b. Limits the row data that are returned.

Which of the following is NOT a major benefit of a Data Warehouse? a. Integrating data from multiple sources. b. Manage data storage to improve data processing efficiency. c. Standardizing data across the organization, a "single version of the truth." d. Supporting ad hoc reporting and inquiry.

b. Manage data storage to improve data processing efficiency.

A student can attend five classes, each with a different professor. Each class has 30 students. What type of relationship exists between the STUDENT entity type and the PROFESSSOR entity type in an ERD? a. Mandatory many. b. Many-to-many. c. One-to-one. d. One-to-many.

b. Many-to-many.

The concept of ______ was introduced into SQL to handle "missing data" in the relational model. It indicates that a data value does not exist in the database. a. EXISTS. b. NULL. c. UNKOWN. d. VIEW.

b. NULL.

What cardinality, type and degree of relationship is shown in the Figure 6? a. One-to-many, Binary, Degree 1. b. One-to-many, Unary, Degree 1. c. Many-to-many, Unary, Degree 2.

b. One-to-many, Unary, Degree 1.

You have a relation with 6 fields: Part_No, Description, Vendor_Name, Vendor_ID, Address, Unit_Cost? What is (are) the determinant(s) in the relationship? a. Part_No. b. Part_No, Vendor_ID. c. Part_No, Vendor_ID, Vendor_Name. d. Part_No, Vendor_ID, Unit_Cost.

b. Part_No, Vendor_ID.

What are 3 primitive operators in relational algebra? a. Project, Select, Natural Join. b. Projection, Selection, Natural Join. c. Union, Selection, Sort.

b. Projection, Selection, Natural Join.

In Figure 4, three is block-level striping with distributed parity. This scheme distributes along with data and requires all drives but one be present to operate. What type of RAID is used? a. RAID 2. b. RAID 5. c. RAID 7. d. RAID 1+0.

b. RAID 5.

What is an example of a set oriented, declarative retrieval language? a. PHP. b. SQL. c. Visual Basic.

b. SQL.

What is a discrete unit of work called that must be processed completely or not at all within a computer system? a. Script. b. Transaction. c. Work Task.

b. Transaction.

For the relationship in Figure 3, which of the following is true? a. A department must have at least one employee. b. An employee can work in more than one department, but does not have to work for any department. c. A department can have more than one employee. d. An employee works for more than one department.

c. A department can have more than one employee.

What are the BASE guarantees? a. Balanced, Available, Stateless, Eventually Consistent. b. Basic, Atomic, Eventually Consistent. c. Basic Availability, Soft-State, Eventually Consistent.

c. Basic Availability, Soft-State, Eventually Consistent.

What are the three models or schemas in the three-tier ANSI-SPARC architecture? a. Client, application server, and database server. b. Conceptual, logical, physical. c. Conceptual, external and internal.

c. Conceptual, external and internal.

What cause program-data dependence? a. Data are included in many programs and applications. b. Data descriptions are stored on a centralized file server. c. Data descriptions are stored with each application program. d. Programs are written in code.

c. Data descriptions are stored with each application program.

What are the two major approaches for storing data in a data warehouse? a. Data mart and operational data store. b. Denormalized and flat file. c. Dimensional and normalized. d. Star schema and Boyce-Codd schema.

c. Dimensional and normalized.

What is a characteristic of a "good" conceptual Entity Relationship Diagram? a. Detailed. b. Expressive. c. General. d. Technically-oriented.

c. General.

What type of planning matrix identifies whether each system creates, retrieves, updates, or deletes data in each entity? a. Business function to data entity. b. Data location to function. c. IS application to data entity. d. Supporting user to data entity.

c. IS application to data entity.

Generally, what is the first step in the conceptual data modeling process? a. Create an initial Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). b. Gt initial inputs from the planning and analysis phase. c. Identify relationships. d. Review naming conventions for the Information System.

c. Identify relationships.

In Chen notation, what does the symbol above indicate? a. An attribute. b. Dependent Entity Type. c. Identifying Relationship. d. Strong Relationship Type.

c. Identifying Relationship.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using packaged data models? a. Avoid missing important entities. b. Higher quality models. c. Increased programmer productivity. d. Reduces database development costs.

c. Increased programmer productivity.

A candidate key must satisfy all of the following conditions EXCEPT? a. Each non-key attribute must be functionally dependent upon it. b. Key must be non-redundant. c. Key must indicate the row's position in the table. d. Key must uniquely identify the row.

c. Key must indicate the row's position in the table.

What type of join between the relations CUSTOMER and ORDERS would be used to relate all customers, whether they have placed orders or not? a. Cross Join. b. Full Outer Join. c. Left Outer Join. d. Union Join.

c. Left Outer Join.

Which of the following is NOT a major advantage of using a Database Management System (DBMS)? a. Improved ability to enforce standards. b. Improved data consistency. c. Local control over the data. d. Minimal data redundancy.

c. Local control over the data.

What should be included in the physical security plan? a. Location of the stored user accounts, permissions and passwords. b. Location of the database administrator's accounts and passwords. c. Location of database servers with restricted access.

c. Location of database servers with restricted access.

What are two approaches to scaling up a NoSQL database? a. Clusters and In-Memory. b. Distributed and Parallel Processing. c. Master-Slave and Sharding. d. Vertical and Horizontal Partitioning.

c. Master-Slave and Sharding.

What normal form is a relation that has no multivalued attributes ... functional or transitive dependencies? a. 1NF. b. 2NF. c. 3NF. d. 4NF.

a. 1NF.

What is a conformed dimension? a. A dimension that has exactly the same meaning and content when being referred from different fact tables. b. A relationship among tables in database when they are referenced in different fact tables. c. A set of data attributes in the same fact table.

a. A dimension that has exactly the same meaning and content when being referred from different fact tables.

What is data administration? a. A high-level function that is responsible for the overall management of data resources in organizations; maintaining corporate-wide definitions and standards. b. A technical function responsible for physical database design and for dealing with technical issues such as security enforcement, database performance, backup, recovery. c. The function of managing and maintaining database management systems software.

a. A high-level function that is responsible for the overall management of data resources in organizations; maintaining corporate-wide definitions and standards.

In Figure 2, which attribute is a composite attribute? a. Address. b. Employee_ID. c. Skill. d. Years_Employed.

a. Address.

What is the synonym for an entity in the UML static data structure diagram? a. Agent. b. Class. c. Set. d. Table.

a. Agent.

What is a slowly changing dimension? a. A dimension that stores and manages current and historical data in a data warehouse. b. A dimension with data that changes every few years or even over a much longer time frame. c. A dimension with detailed data stores in a data warehouse. d. A dimension with product names or sales reporting information. e. Time-variant data stored in a dimension.

b. A dimension with data that changes every few years or even over a much longer time frame.

What is a foreign key? a. A field that uniquely specifies the tuple in the table. b. A field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. c. A way of providing quicker access to data. d. Executable code that is associated with the database.

b. A field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table.

What is an enterprise data model? a. A detailed model of all the data needs for an enterprise. b. A graphical model of the data used by an enterprise or company. c. A graphical DFD model of how data flows through an enterprise or company. d. An integrated flow of the data produced and consumed across an entire organization.

b. A graphical model of the data used by an enterprise or company.

In terms of English grammar structure, what is an appropriate name for an Entity Type? a. A name that is an adjective. b. A name that is a noun. c. A name that is a sentence. d. A name that is a verb.

b. A name that is a noun.

What is Relational Algebra? a. A means of making calculations on data domains. b. A theoretical basis for developing query languages for databases. c. A set of semantics for modeling data entities.

b. A theoretical basis for developing query languages for databases.

What is an alternate name given to a column or table in a SQL statement called? a. Acronym. b. Alias. c. Label. d. Synonym.

b. Alias.

The degree to which the administration of a database is _______ dictates the skills and personnel required to manage the database. a. ANSI standard SQL. b. Automated. c. Distributed. d. Open source.

b. Automated.

What are the three elements of the CAP theorem? a. Available, Consistent, Persistent. b. Availability, Consistency, Partition Tolerance. c. Consistent, Accessible, Partition Tolerance.

b. Availability, Consistency, Partition Tolerance.

What are the four types of Post Relational or NoSQL data models? a. Character, Document, Graph, Key Value. b. Column, Document, Graph, Key Value. c. Column, Document, In-Memory, Key Value. d. Column, Document, Key Value, Network.

b. Column, Document, Graph, Key Value.

In above, the primary key for "Order Line" is what type of key? a. Candidate. b. Composite. c. Enterprise. d. Surrogate.

b. Composite.

What is the purpose of a hashing algorithm? a. Creating a binary index. b. Converting a key value into an address, to map the value to an index. c. Specifying a random location in primary storage. d. Determining the number of records in a page or block.

b. Converting a key value into an address, to map the value to an index.

What is CRUD? The acronym most often stands for: a. Complete, Read, Update, and Drop. b. Create, Read, Update, and Delete. c. Create, Refer, Update, and Delete.

b. Create, Read, Update, and Delete.

In SQL, what is the meaning of the acronym DML? a. Data management language. b. Data manipulation language. c. Data modeling language. d. Data module language.

b. Data manipulation language.

What is the major, overriding goal of physical database design? a. Complete database integrity. b. Data processing efficiency. c. Recoverability and backup. d. Selective de-normalization.

b. Data processing efficiency.

The DBMS acts as an interface between what two ... enterprise-class database system? a. Data and the database. b. Database application and the database. c. Database application and SQL. d. User and the database application.

b. Database application and the database.

What is the term for the number of entity type that participate in a relationship? a. Counter. b. Degree. c. Identifier. d. Number.

b. Degree.

What type of DBA is responsible for data model design and maintenance and DDL generation? a. Application DBAs. b. Development DBAs. c. SQL DBAs. d. Systems DBAs.

b. Development DBAs.

n Figure 5, a PATIENT must be either an OUTPATIENT or a RESIDENT_PATIENT. This is an example of the ___________ rule. a. Completeness. b. Disjoint. c. Partial specialization. d. Total specialization.

b. Disjoint.

What term refers to something that can be identified in the users' work environment, something that the users want to track? a. Agent. b. Entity. c. Identifier. d. Relationship.

b. Entity.

What is ETL? a. Enter, Transact and Load actions to populate a data warehouse. b. Extract, Transform, and Load actions to populate a data warehouse. c. Extract, Transact and Load actions to populate a database.

b. Extract, Transform, and Load actions to populate a data warehouse.

What company originally developed the NoSQL database Apache Cassandra? a. Amazon. b. Facebook. c. Google. d. Twitter.

b. Facebook.

What is the central table in a star schema? a. Dimension table. b. Fact table. c. Relational table. d. Star table.

b. Fact table.

A _____ in a data warehouse is value or measurement about a specific event. a. Control. b. Fact. c. Metric. d. Rule.

b. Fact.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major characteristics of Agile development? a. Customer collaboration over detailed contract negotiation. b. Following a plan over responding to changes. c. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools. d. Working software over comprehensive documentation.

b. Following a plan over responding to changes.

If we want to select output rows based on the results of the group function, what clause is use? a. DISTINCT. b. HAVING. c. LIKE. d. WHERE.

b. HAVING.

How does a materialized view differ from a named query or dynamic view? a. A dynamic view or named query is slow to execute, materialized views execute quickly. b. Dynamic views are only used in data warehousing/business intelligence application. c. Materialized view is saved in database as new table, dynamic is created when neede. d. A and B.

c. Materialized view is saved in database as new table, dynamic is created when neede.

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a table to specify as a relation? a. Attributes (columns) in a table must have unique names. b. Every attribute value must be atomic. c. Order of rows and columns must be specified. d. Table must have a unique name.

c. Order of rows and columns must be specified.

What design process uses the following inputs: normalized relations, volume estimates, and DBMS technology? a. Conceptual design. b. Logical design. c. Physical design. d. Both b and c.

c. Physical design.

Which of the following is NOT a problem with RAID configurations? a. Correlated failures. b. Parity inconsistency due to system crash. c. Recovery time is decreasing. d. Unrecoverable Real Errors (URE) during rebuild.

c. Recovery time is decreasing.

An RDBMS contains a description of its own structure, what is this characteristic of a database? a. Documented. b. Metadata enhanced. c. Self-describing. d. Structured.

c. Self-describing.

Which of the following is NOT a primary or major purpose of a relational DBMS? a. Entering and retrieving data. b. Processing transactions. c. Serving Web pages. d. Supporting managerial decision making.

c. Serving Web pages.

What is the domain of an attribute? a. Limitation on attribute size and scope. b. Possible foreign key attributes allowed in the schema. c. Set of possible values allowed for a given attribute.

c. Set of possible values allowed for a given attribute.

What is a major motivation for using the NoSQL approach to storing data? a. Guaranteed consistency in a distributed computing environment. b. Higher availability and no anomalies. c. Simpler "horizontal" scaling to clusters of machines.

c. Simpler "horizontal" scaling to clusters of machines.

What is a unique, DBMS-supplied identifier used as the primary key of a specified relation? a. Enterprise defined key. b. Natural key. c. Surrogate key.

c. Surrogate key.

During the traditional SDLC, when are logical physical data models commonly developed? a. Integration and Testing. b. Planning and Preliminary Analysis. c. Systems Design. d. Systems Requirements.

c. Systems Design.

What is a strength of the traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? a. Agile and flexible. b. Reduced development time. c. Tolerates changes in MIS staffing. d. User input is extensive.

c. Tolerates changes in MIS staffing.

What is the term for a logical description of some portion of the database needed by a person or application to perform a task? a. Conceptual schema. b. Internal schema. c. User view. d. Working data model.

c. User view.

What is citied as major reason for the lack of portability of SQL code between database systems? a. Ambiguous SQL standard. b. Standard incomplete in many important areas (e.g. indexes). c. Vendors want to develop an independent, proprietary code base and lock in users.

c. Vendors want to develop an independent, proprietary code base and lock in users.

What is Apache Hadoop? a. An open-source software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications. b. A proprietary software framework for large scale processing of data. c. Software that runs data-intensive applications through the Map/Reduce parallel processing technique. d. A and C. e. All of the above.

d. A and C.

What is SQL? a. A declarative or nonprocedural query language. b. An imperative language that specifies an explicit sequences of steps to follow. c. A set-oriented language. d. A and C. e. All of the above.

d. A and C.

What is business intelligence? a. A set of theories, methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes. b. A type of data warehouse used for competitive intelligence activities. c. An umbrella term to describe "concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based support systems." d. A and C. e. All of the above.

d. A and C.

What is represented in Figure 1? a. A binary relationship of two strong entities. b. An independent relationship between two entities. c. A many-to-many relationship between an independent and a dependent entity. d. A relationship between a strong and its associated weak entity.

d. A relationship between a strong and its associated weak entity.

If the attributes OrderNumber and ProductNumber determining QtyOrdered, then what are (OrderNumber, ProductNumber)? a. Composite identifier or key. b. Determinant. c. Primary key. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

What are major advantages of partitioning? a. Availability. b. Maintenance. c. Performance. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following are security risks to a database system? a. Physical damage (floods, fires, equipment failure). b. Programming bugs, design flaws creating various security vulnerabilities. c. B and C. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

What are the four ACID guarantees for transactions in a database? a. Atomic, Consistent, Identified, Durable. b. Atomic, Concurrent, Isolated, Dependable. c. Atomicity, Concurrency, Integrity, Durability. d. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.

d. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.

What is (are) a technique(s) for evaluating database security? a. Accounting audits. b. Penetration tests. c. Vulnerability assessments. d. B and C. e. All of the above.

d. B and C.

What occurs during database implementation? a. Convert ER diagram to logical data model. b. Creation and initial load of the database. Resolve data inconsistencies. c. Establish security control. Establish backup and recovery procedures. Train system users. d. B and C. e. All of the above.

d. B and C.

For what columns are indexes most useful? a. Columns that frequently appear in the ORDER BY clause of SQL commands. b. Columns that frequently appear in the WHERE clause of SQL commands. c. Columns that frequently have NULL values. d. Both a and b. e. All of the above.

d. Both a and b.

What ACID property ensures that any transaction will bring the database from one valid state to another? a. Atomicity. b. Authorization. c. Concurrency. d. Consistency.

d. Consistency.

Currently, what data model is most commonly used to store well-structured data in a DBMS? a. Hierarchical. b. Network. c. Object-oriented. d. Relational.

d. Relational.

What is the top-down process called of defining one or more subtypes for a supertype and forming relationships: a. Classification. b. Generalization. c. Instantiation. d. Specialization.

d. Specialization.

The ________ schema is the simplest style of data mart schema. It consists of one or more fact tables referencing any number of dimension tables. a. Flat file. b. Relational. c. Snowflake. d. Star.

d. Star.

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of NoSQL/Postrelational databases? a. Distributed query support. b. Scalable replication, elasticity. c. Schemaless, no schema required. d. Supports ACID transaction properties.

d. Supports ACID transaction properties.

The Select Relational Algebra (RA) operator picks tuples like which SQL clause? a. FROM. b. GROUP BY. c. HA VING. d. WHERE.

d. WHERE.

What do we call a relation that contains minimal redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows in a table without errors or inconsistencies? a. Cascading Relation. b. Redundant Relation. c. Structured or Simple Relation. d. Well-Structured Relation.

d. Well-Structured Relation.

In Figure 2, which attribute is derived? a. Address. b. Employee_ID. c. Skill. d. Y ears_Employed.

d. Y ears_Employed.