Definition

Data Vs. Information

1.Data is a collection of facts. Information is how you understand those facts in context. 2.Data is unorganized, while information is structured or organized. 3.Data is not typically useful on its own, but information is. 4.Information depends on data.

differences between Linear Data Structures and Non-linear Data Structures.

1.In a linear data structure, data elements are arranged in a linear order where each and every elements are attached to its previous and next adjacent. / In a non-linear data structure, data elements are attached in hierarchically manner. 2.In linear data structure, all data elements are present at a single level. / In non-linear data structure, data elements are present at multiple levels. 3.Linear data structures are easier to implement. / Non-linear data structures are difficult to understand and implement as compared to linear data structures. 4.Linear data structures can be traversed completely in a single run. / Non-linear data structures are not easy to traverse and needs multiple runs to be traversed completely.

Difference between primitive and non primitive data structures

1.Primitive Data Structure are predefined in the language / Non-Primitive Data structure are not defined in language and created by the programmer 2.Primitive Data structures will have a certain value / Non Primitive Data structure can have NULL value 3.The size depends upon the type of data structure / The size of non primitive data structure are not fixed 4.The primitive data structure starts with lowercase / The non primitive data type starts with an uppercase

Differences Between Entity and Attribute

1.The basic difference between entity and attribute is that an entity is a distinguishable real-world object that exists, whereas attribute describes the elementary features of an entity. 2.In the relational database model entities are termed as record and attributes are termed as fields. 3.In the relational database model, we store data in the tables. So, the rows of table denote the entities and the column header of the table denotes attributes of an entities in a table. 4.An entity can either be a tangible entity or an intangible entity. On the other hand, the refinement of attributes includes the domain of attribute and key attributes. 5.The entire information of a single student in a student table represents an entity. The name, roll no, course parameters that form the complete information of a student are attributes of the student entity.

Linear data structures

A Linear data structure has data elements arranged in a sequential manner and each member element is connected to its previous and next element. In the linear data structure, a single level is involved. Therefore, we can traverse all the elements in a single run only. Linear data structures are easy to implement because computer memory is arranged in a linear way. Its examples are array, stack, queue, linked list, etc.

2D Array

A Two Dimensional Array is an array of references that holds references to other arrays. These arrays are preferably used if you want to put together data items in a table or matrix-like structure. Matrices are widely used in the field of Game Development, where you are required to store and update the location of the player at each second.

Primary Key

A primary key, also called a primary keyword, is a key in a relational database that is unique for each record. It is unique identifier such as a driver license number phone number, etc.

Tangible entity

A tangible entity is one which physically exists in real-world. Such as a person, student, bank locker, etc. are examples of tangible entities, we can touch them as they physically exist.

Attribute

An attribute describes the elementary feature of an entity. A characteristic or trait of an entity type that describes the entity, for example, the Person entity type has the Date of Birth attribute.

Entity

An entity is a distinguishable real-world object that exists. Examples of an entity are a single person, single product, or single organization.

How many types of Entity's are there?

An entity is further classified into two types, i.e. tangible entity and intangible entity: 1.Tangible entity 2.Intangible entity

Intangible entity

An intangible entity is one which exists logically in real-world such as bank account, reservation, email account etc.

What is Data?

Data are values or sets of values. Data is a raw and unorganized fact that required to be processed to make it meaningful. Data can be simple at the same time unorganized unless it is organized.

What is Data Item

Data item refers to a single unit of values. E.g. Roll Number, Name, Date of Birth, Age, etc.

What is Group Items

Data items that can be divided into sub-items are called 'Group Items'. E.g., a person's name is a group item because it can be divided into three sub-items: First Name, Middle Initial, and Last Name. Other examples are Address, Date, Qualification, Salary, etc.

Elementary Items

Data items that cannot be divided into sub-items are called 'Elementary Items'. E.g. the roll number of a student is an elementary item because it cannot be divided further into sub-items. Other examples are Marks, Age, etc.

Non-linear data structures

Data structures where data elements are not arranged sequentially or linearly are called non-linear data structures. In a non-linear data structure, a single level is not involved. Therefore, we can't traverse all the elements in a single run only. Non-linear data structures are not easy to implement in comparison to linear data structures. It utilizes computer memory efficiently in comparison to a linear data structure. Its examples are trees and graphs.

Entity Set / Type

Entities of similar attributes form an entity set. Example: A person, organization, object type, or concept about which information is stored. Describes the type of information that is being mastered. An entity type typically corresponds to one or several related tables in the database.

File

File is a collection of records of the entities in a given entity set.

What is Information?

Information is a set of data which is processed in a meaningful way according to the given requirement. Information is processed, structured, or presented in a given context to make it meaningful and useful.

What basic operations are performed in the stack:

Mainly the following three basic operations are performed in the stack: 1.Push: Adds an item to the stack. If the stack is full, then it is said to be an Overflow condition. 2.Pop: Removes an item from the stack. The items are popped in the reversed order in which they are pushed. If the stack is empty, then it is said to be an Underflow condition. 3.Peek or Top: Returns the top element of the stack. 4.isEmpty: Returns true if stack is empty, else false.

Abstract Data Structures / Non-primitive Data Structures / secondary data structure

Non-primitive data structures are more complicated data structures and are derived from primitive data structures. They emphasize grouping the same or different data items with relationships between each data item. Arrays, Lists, and Files come under this category.

Primitive Data Structures / primary data structure

Primitive Data Structures are the basic data structures that directly operate upon the machine instructions. they have different representations on different computers. Integers, Floating point numbers, Character constants, String constants, and Pointers come under this category.

Queue

Queue is also an abstract data type or a linear data structure in which the first element is inserted from one end called the REAR(also called tail), and the removal of existing element takes place from the other end called as FRONT(also called head).

Record

Record is a collection of field values of a given entity. It is a collection of units of information about a particular entity. Passenger of an airplane, an employee of an organization, or an article sold from a store.

Stack

Stack is a linear data structure that follows a particular order in which the operations are performed. The order may be LIFO(Last In First Out) or FILO(First In Last Out).

Field

The field is defined as a unit of meaningful information about an entity like date of flight, name of passenger, address, etc.

How many types of data items are there?

There are two types of data items. These are- 1. Group Items 2. Elementary Items