Design 111 (2nd half)

Phoenician alphabet

(1000 b.c.) this alphabet represents the first time that symbols adequately represented sounds that could be recognized and combined into a universal alphabet -started as a 22-letter alphabet

Henricus Hondius II

(1597-1651) -Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher -famous for publishing the Mercator-Hondius atlas in 1641 -the atlas with its illustrious maps is an invaluable artifact that documents the revolutionary understanding of astronomy and geography in cartography

Camera Obscura

(1822) Joseph Niepce utilized a photochemical action and led to modern photography with his photolithographic print of Cardinal d'Ambroise -the concept of optical device had been recognized for thousands of years (this was the 1st print)

William Morris

(1834-1896) -founded the Kelmscott Press in 1891, the most famous private press of the Arts and Crafts movement -also designed Golden and Troy typefaces as well

Jules Cheret

(1836-1932) -French painter and lithographer who became a master of Belle Epoque poster art. -"the father of the modern poster" -his Cheret girls became synonymous with product representation/sales

Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo

(1851-1942) a progressive English architect/designer who influenced the Arts and Crafts Movement, notably through the Century Guild of Artists -remembered most for his textiles, furniture, illustrations, and graphic design -use of form is consistent in his work (integration of typography and style)

Ottmar Mergenthaler

(1854-1899) invented the Linotype in 1896, which allowed a printer to generate an entire line of type (never running out of letterpress letters) -the keyboard operation made type generation 5-10 times faster than setting the words by hand

Gustav Klimt

(1862-1918) Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienne Secession movment (where naturalists, realists, and symbolists all coexisted) -recognized for his suggestive/erotic subject matter, people of his time disapproved and a body of his work was destroyed by Nazis -Graphic design scholars recognize the "Vienna Secessionist Exhibition Poster" (1898) for its breakthrough use of asymmetrical space -"Portrait of Adele Block-Bauer I" sold for 145 million in 1996

Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa

(1868-1901) French painter, printmaker, draftsman and illustrator who made provocative images of the modern/decadent life of the times -noted for his manipulations of imagery; he alters colors and values to make more powerful compositions -his posters serve as an extension from fine art to commercial art -Aubrey Beardsley was heavily influenced by his posters

Peter Behrens

(1868-1940) Important German modernist designer (architect, product designer and graphic designer), experienced the art nouveau movement before moving on into the 20th century -important for the modernist movement (Werkbund), was a heavy influence on later designers -designed AEG Turbine Factory (1909) -worked across a variety of disciplines; his complete integration and attempts at a comprehensive corporate identity makes him an important figure

Aubrey Beardsley

(1872-1898) English illustrator/author; grounded and influenced by Arts and Crafts -his black-ink drawings were influenced by the style of Japanese woodcuts and emphasized the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. -his work evolved into Art Nouveau

Ludwig Hohlwein

(1874-1949) A german poster artist, trained as an architect until 1906 when he switched to poster design -adaptations of photos were based on a deep understanding of graphical principles -integrated type and image

Lucien Bernhard

(1883-1972, Berlin) Jewish graphic designer, type designer, and interior designer (born as Emil Kahn) -famous for creating the poster design style Plakastil; using reductive imagery and flat-colors that restricted the image to simplify the object being advertised

Piet Zwart

(1885-1977) Dutch photographer, typographer, and industrial designer (formally trained as an architect) -allied with the De Stijl movement, his career was halted in 1942 when he was arrested by the Nazis

Hannah Hoch

(1889-1978, Berlin) -an overlooked Dada artist, one of the originators of the photo collage approach -also known for political statements and messages

Alphonse Mucha

(1890-1939) -Known as the Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist -did paintings, posters, postcards, and illustrations -best known for the basis of many psychodelic posters done in the 1960's (Job cigarettes poster and Stanley Mouse poster)

John Heartfield

(1891-1968) A pioneer in the use of art and design as a political weapon; part artist/part designer -His photo-montages were notoriously anti-Nazi anti-Fascist statements -later created book jackets for authors like Upton Sinclair -fled from Germany in 1938 returning to East Berlin 1947 -has his own genre, but is often placed within the framework of DaDa and Futurism

Ladislav Sutnar

(1897-1976) Czech designer who was influenced by constructivism and closely tied to De Stijl -eventually emigrated to the US (1938), successfully establishing himself with the American Modernist Movement -his style extended beyond logos, book covers and posters, including book and brochure design as well as other corporate identity applications

Herbert Bayer

(1900-1985) Austrian/american graphic designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, art director, architect, and environmental/interior designer -widely recognized as the last living member of the Bauhaus -one of the many great defectors to America -designed publication for the Weimar School, cigarette kiosk, open transit station

A.M. Cassandre

(1901-1968) Ukrainian-French painter, poster artist, and typeface designer -moved to Paris as a young man to study at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts -after graduation, he worked at a printing company, becoming a famous commercial poster designer -his posters had unique typography, using sans serif fonts and integrating them into the composition in a new way -less interested in perfect representation, more focused on relationship between type and image

Arne Jacobsen

(1902-1971) best known for his contribution to organic form and variety of materials. -"Ant Chair" (1951): one of the most successful commercial chairs ever; selling millions worldwide -"Swan Chair" (1958) -"Egg Chair" (1958)

Lester Beall

(1903-1969) American graphic designer, notable for leading modernist graphic design in the US -body of commercial work, remembered for work with the government -carries on Peter Behrens' approach to corporate identity -international paper corporation -utilized the bauhaus approach to broaden the graphic design impact

Charles Eames

(1907-1978) worked with architecture, furniture, industrial/graphic design, fine art, and film -worked with Eero Saarinen: "the Competition Chair" (fiberglass, won competition) -worked with Ray Eames: "Case Study House No. 8" (reflected young couple's needs)

George Nelson

(1908-1986) American industrial designer who was one of the founders of American modernism -director of design for Herman Miller (invented office cubicles). -Lance Wyman worked for him early in his career -George Nelson Associates, Inc. designed some of the 20th century's most iconic modernist furniture -"Tomorrow's House" (1940): book with ideas about storage (built-in walls, shelving) -"Platform Bench" (1946): classic wooden bench -"Coconut Chair" (1955): modernist

Eero Saarinen

(1910-1961) french, joined father at the Cranbrook Academy of Art to work on projects and teach at the art academy; started the Saarinen firm. -met Charles Eames at Cranbrook, launched their careers by winning the "Organic Design in Home Furnishings" competition in 1940 - designed: "Womb Chair", "Grasshopper Chair", "Executive Chair", "Tulip Chair" (influenced by Johnson Wax Building)

Ray Eames

(1912-1988) Bernice Alexandra "Ray" Kaiser: grew up in California, but went to college in NY and studied abstract expressionist painting with Hans Hoffman. -met Charles Eames at Cranbrook, worked on drawings for the competition and married him -Charles and Ray moved to california and began their practice, designing chairs, fabrics, films, and a house. Their projects involved Sarrinen's wood molding and fiberglass techniques

Paul Rand

(1914-1996) American graphic designer known for his corporate logo designs (IBM, UPS, Enron, Westinghouse, ABC, NeXT) -married design to the corporate world -America's most gifted corporate/logo graphic designer

Hans J. Wegner

(1914-2007) completed more than 500 different chair designs and is the most prolific Danish designer to date. While known for bend wood, he worked with a variety of materials -"Ox Chair" (1960) -"Flag Halyard Chair" (1960) (pictured) -"Wishbone Chair" (1944)

Harry Bertoia

(1915-1978) Another Cranbrook student; Brian Lutz said that "Bertoia's paintings were better than his sculptures. And his sculptures were better than his furniture. And his furniture was absolutely brilliant." -worked closely with Eames in the development of the original line -"Bertoia Side Chair" (1952): influenced by Eames' Wire Chair -"Diamond Chairs" (1952) -"Bird Chair" (1952)

Etorre Sottsass

(1917-2007) -Italian, best remembered for his work with Olivetti and as the kingpin in the Memphis Group. -the group of designers felt restrained by corporate demands and came together after a night of drinking and listening to Bob Dylan's "Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again" -Valentine typewriter for Olivetti (1969) -Revolutionary room divider (1981) -Tableware and iconic post modern phone

Herb Lubablin

(1918-1981) a brilliant advertising art director -remembered by his typography (words, letters, pieces of letters, additions to letters, connections and combinations, and virtuoso type manipulations) -also known for iconic package designs from the 60's and 70's (L'eggs, Rainer, Eve cigarettes) -greatly influenced the vision/perception of letter forms, words, and language -designed the fonts Avant Garde, Serif Gothic, and Lubalin Graphic (1970's)

Poul Kjaerhom

(1929-1980) trained as a carpenter- an unlikely training for a designer who would go on to become famous for his iconic leather and steel PK series chairs -"PK20 Chair" (1958) -"PK31 Chair" (1961) -"PK22 Chair" (1955)

Deborah Sussman

(1931-2014) Starting her firm in 1968 after working in the Eames Studios, her big break came in 1984 when selected to provide the design for the Los Angeles Olympics.

Dieter Rams

(1932-present) a German industrial designer closely associated with the company Braun (consumer products) and the Functionalist school of industrial design. -introduced the idea of sustainable development and of obsolescence being a crime in design in the 1970's -he thinks only a few designers deserve credit, he specifically applauds Apple

Bill Moggridge

(1943-2012) British designer, author and educator who cofounded the design company IDEO -pioneer in adopting a human-centered approach in design -championed interaction design as a mainstream design discipline "The Compass" (1982): 1st laptop computer, flew aboard the Space Shuttle in 1985

Case Study House No. 8

(1949, CA) -Designed by Charles and Ray Eames, reflected their own household and own needs as a young couple -design of the house was proposed by the Eames as a part of the Case Study House program for a John Entenza's Arts and Architecture magazine. -constructed entirely from "off-the-shelf" parts from steel fabricator catalogs. -the design was first sketched out by Charles Eames and Eero Saarinen -the final design served as their residence and studio for the rest of their lives

Tibor Kalman

(1949-1999) American graphic designer (Hungarian origin), well-known for his work as editor-in-chief of Colors Magazine -unconventional, undesigned concepts -Colors Magazine became famous, remembered for the high-concept editorial and visual content, not for the composition or type. Focused on multiculturalism and global awareness -he agreed to work for the magazine only if he could dictate and contribute to the publication -bold graphic design, typography, and juxtaposition of photographs -believed in the importance and power of graphic design and social responsibility of the designer -directed/produced Talking Heads video -"when you make something no one hates, no one loves it" -reputation as the bad boy of GD elevated when the clothing company Espirit was awarded for Design Leadership and he distributed leaflets during the ceremony protesting the company's exploitation of Asian laborers ("many bad companies have great design") -holiday gifts: what a homeless person would eat, sent a book to clients w/ $20 and a list of charities (M&Co.) -ultimately remembered for his critiques on the nature of consumption than for his formal studio achievements

Chermayeff and Geismar

(1957) Ivan Chermayeff and Thomas Geismar began their partnership early and immediately made a mark on the corporate world by extending their logo designs into all aspects of corporate collateral and environments -modernist approach to form and communications

Cook and Shanosky Associates

(1974) Influenced by the Olympic event symbols of Toyko, Mexico City and Munich, Roger Cook and Don Shanosky established a unified system of symbols for the United States Department of Transportation. -this unified approach to symbols for wayfinding has been accepted and nearly invisible to the viewer (wayfinding and signage are only noticed when confusing and ineffective)

The Memphis Group

(1981-1987) an Italian design and architecture group founded in Milan by Ettore Sottsass that designed post modern furniture, fabrics, ceramics, glass, and metal objects -sometimes described as a shotgun wedding between Bauhaus and Fisher-Price

Cuneiform

(3000 b.c.) Our earliest documented form of writing by the Summerian culture. These historic approaches to visual communication would influence and evolve into alphabets and eventually a typographic language

The Temple of Edfu

(50 b.c.) dedicated to the falcon god Horus, was built in the Ptolemaic period -many logos based off of horus (twitter, seahawks, angry birds)

The Book of Kells

(800 a.d.) This illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin contains the four gospels of the new testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. -a wonderful example of image and text working together

Sarrinen Architecture

-"TWA Flight Center" (1962, NYC) -"Gateway Arch" (1963, St. Louis)

Michael Graves approach

-"The Bird Kettle" (1985): an instant hit when introduced by ALESSI, embodied a whimsical pun enjoyed by consumers -"The Grand Tour Dual Time" (1988): a whimsical way to present time pieces for project watches

Karim Rashid

-Born to an Egyptian father and British mother, educated at Carleton University in Canada -Time magazine once described him as the "most famous designer in the Americas" -his home, office, and personal fashion (and even his own body) are an extension of his creative passion -designed accessories, tableware, household goods, and furnishings with the goal of bringing life and relief -"Kouch and Ouch" approach: his phrase for his approach in design; to offer relief from the pains of everyday life -"Pyramid Chair" (2009): form, color, pattern, whimsy -"Nook Chair" (2013): new approach to form, accessories, and color (also Nook line of luggage) -"Woopy Chair and Barstool" (2011) -"Vertex Table/Chairs" (2010): versatility in form

Eames Designs

-Eames Chair (1946): started it all -LCW and DCW Chairs (1947): low chair-wood, dining chair-wood -Eames Fiberglass Chairs (1948): various shapes/sizes -Storage Units (1950): interchangeable system -Wire Chairs (1951): biproduct from fiberglass chair -Eames Splint (1941): commissioned by the military, repurposed as art

Paul Sahre

-Oberman's husband, US graphic designer who is best known for his book cover work -contributes to highly visible/low paying projects like the NY times op-ed pages -conceptual designer, he transcends traditional expectations and mediums -graphic design for foosball tourney (balances work and play) -business card has Dunkin Donuts logo under his name (his office is located above Dunkin Donuts, haha)

Fruitsuper

-Sallyann Corn (the why) and Joe Kent (the how) -studied in seattle, nyc; traveled to/influenced by copenhagen -7 basic tenets driving their product design: materiality, simplicity, context, ritual, whimsey, constraints, and lessons

Yves Behar

-Swiss designer with offices in San Francisco and NYC -founded FuseProject in 1999; an award-winning industrial design and branding firm -studied at the Art Center of Design in CA, has been the head of ID at CCA since 2005 -Best known for his designs for Jawbone, Mission Motors, PACT, and One Laptop Per Child -FuseProject Mission Motors R Cycle: fastest all-electric motorcycle to date -FuseProject design for One Laptop Per Child: OLPC targeted $100 per computer, 2 million distributed to 3rd world countries

Emigre

-Zuzano Licko and Rudy Vanderlans, emigrated to the US in the 1980's and changed the landscape of contemp. type design -started Emigre magazine in 1984 to experiment with font designs and composition -Emigre was known for a radical approach to font design, composition, and introduced self-authorship to graphic design (last issue was in 2005)

Wolfgang Weingart

-born in Germany, educated in Switzerland -known for his initial approach to Swiss typography and design; now known as the father of New Wave or Swiss Punk Type -learned the modernist/minimalist approach to type and Swiss design composition under Emil Ruder and Armin Hoffman -huge departure from Helvetica, his decontructed composition did not rely on alignments or grid structure

Tucker Viemeister

-born in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and named after the car his father was designing at the time -graduated from Pratt, started SMART design in 1995 -also known for helping found FROG NY, Razorfish, and OXO Brand. -currently lab chief at Rockwell

Philippe Starck

-born, raised, and educated in Paris -equally well known as an interior designer, designer of consumer goods, and for his industrial design/architectural interior creations -Starck's became an instant design icon in 1990 -heated debate between form and function with his Alessi juicer (1990) -twist on post-modernist objects (gun lamps) -"Louis Ghost Chair" (2002): an homage to Louis XVI -"Pratfall Chair" (1985): only 3 legs to trip over

The Beggarstaffs

-brothers-in-law James Pryde and William Nicholson; opened an advertising design studio in 1894 -known for their new collage technique using cut pieces of paper moved around on a board, leaving a figure incomplete for the viewer to decipher

Art Chantry

-contributed heavily to the punk movement, rejection of modernism, did not use computer (Seattle, WA) -educated at WWU, designed for music scene in Bellingham (highly collectable posters) -recognized for appropriation and controversial concepts, and his rejection of corporate work as well as the computer -also applied his craft to worthy causes and fundraising events (Give Peace a Dance) -work shown at MoMA, Seattle Art Museum, and many others -designed the cover for the book "Some People Can't Surf"

April Greiman

-educated at the Kansas City Art Institute and the Basil School of Design in Switzerland (under Weingart) -recognized as one of the first graphic designers to embrace computer technology -returned to the US in 1976 and established the New Wave design style in LA -borrowed deconstructivist penchant from Weingart and combined it with the micro computer -later in her career, she moved off the mainstream path of client work and became more experimental with videos

Paula Scher

-educated at the Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia -gained notice at CBS Records before opening her own firm and eventually joining Pentagram -while a modernist in training, her approach is less stringent than some of her counterparts - her personal paintings have also influenced some of her more experimental and expressive projects (Newark Performing Arts Center, 2004) -expressive typography -posters on the border of plagerism (imitation?), copies many older posters

Neville Brody

-following April Greiman's lead, he is synonymous with the digitalization of design in the 1980's, the new wave of typography, and the punk aesthetic -most famous for his work for Face magazine and Arena magazine (icons for visual culture) -eventually, this new visual approach spread from alternative venues to mainstream clients like Nike

Leslie Phinney and Karl Bischoff

-listens to clients needs, creates results-driven solutions, long term relationship w/ clients -hiring great people is as important as hiring great designers

Objectified Film

-some products show pure function, while other product's form bears no relationship to the function (iPhone, Dirt Devil) -Naoto Fudasawa discussed how people don't think about tools while using them; that designers should stimulate peoples minds and souls by integrating experiences -future: we design the tools to unleash other's creativity? -Dieter Rams: "the value, and especially the legitimization of design will be, in the future, measured more in terms of how it can enable us to survive on this planet."

Sir Jonathan Ive

-son of a British silversmith -started the firm Tangerine after graduating college -discovered by Apple and offered a consultantship; eventually went on to be the head of product design -mentioned in "Urbanized" as the handful of top-shelf designers

Emily Oberman

-started her career with Tibor Kalman (M&Co), partnered a firm called Seventeen with Bonnie Ziegler until joining Pentagram in 2012 -approach to design is thoughtful, engaging, and multidisciplined -designed late night w jimmy fallon

Gutenberg's movable type

-started the Printing Revolution; widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period -the first use of this invention was in the production of the Gutenberg Bible in 1455 -before movable type technology, we had more illustrative and hand-done examples such as the Ormesby Psalter

Milton Glaser

-still working today, solidly placed in history for his work with Seymour Chwast (Pushpin Studios) -product of the times (60's influence), noted for his illustrative reactions to the modernist movement -most notable projects: I love New York logo and his record album poster for Bob Dylan -not thought of as a type designer, but produced a number of fonts (contemporary, illustrative)

Stefan Sagmeister

-studied design in Vienna, moved to NY in 1991 and started his career at M&Co. -opened his own firm with a handful of music clients in 1993, produced evolutionary solutions in music sector (hand-done type) -promotional poster for AIGA: typography was transferred to his skin and scratched on with a knife -unconventional typography approach and subject interpretations (3D and environmental realms) -displayed one of his famous quotes on the street with 300,000 euro cents

Elitism against democratized design

-the added value of good design charges more -Marc Newsom states that in theory, something designed well should cost less

Karim Rashid Quotes

-thinks that people are afraid to admit that we live in the 3rd technological revolution and that technology keeps visiting the archetype over and over again (digital cameras look like the original film camera) -admits that he's forced to look to the archetype with his chair designs (70% of everything in the world is impractical and another 70% is uncomfortable- how can chairs be uncomfortable at this point??) -says the shelf life of a high-tech product is now less than 11 months; as a result, it should be re-usable or recyclable

David Carson

-went from being a surfer/unknown graphic designer to an international sensation -his radical/unconventional approach to type and composition broke all the rules -Beach Culture magazine was his first big break (surfing photography, type elements) -Raygon magazine hired him as the art director after Beach Culture became mainstream -composition: aesthetic over readability ("never confuse legibility with communication") -his famous spread for Bryan Ferry was an entire article in Dingbats -continues to work for a variety of clients, now branding for Bark Boards

The Republic of Fritz Hansen

A danish design company consisting of Arne Jacobsen, Poul Kjaerhom, Hans Wegner, and Alvar Aalto. -helped immortalize Scandanavian design

Shepard Fairey

American contemporary graphic designer/illustrator (public artist), first became known for OBEY series, later gained fame for Obama campaign -pop culture sensation -lawsuit of Obama picture/his poster

Richard Buckminster Fuller

American systems theorist, architect, engineer, author, designer, inventor, and futurist -published more than 30 books, inventing and popularizing terms such as "Spaceship Earth", ephemeralization, and synergetic -developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, the best known of which is the geodesic dome

The Scandanavians

Arne Jacobsen, Poul Kjaerhom, Hans J. Wegner

Celery Design

Berkeley, CA -has established itself as a successful design firm under the leadership of Brian Dougherty, with a variety in its client base: small companies to large corporations -embraced the responsibility of design as an environmental steward -designed packaging for Lennis Lighting that allowed the consumer to temporarily or permanently use the package as a partner project (the box became a lamp shade) -convinced Elephant Pharmacy to replace a customer survey with a gift (a real flower)

The Transitionalists (Form to Interaction)

David Kelley and Bill Moggridge (IDEO) Helmut Esslinger (FROG) Tucker Viemeister

The Post-Modernists

Etorre Sottsass Michael Graves Philippe Starck Karim Rashid

Type Faces

Express a mood or atmosphere and give words a certain coloring to everything we read

David Kelley

Formed IDEO with Bill Moggridge and Mike Nuttall (fellow faculty members at Stanford and owners of their own design practices) in 1991

The Builders (Architects-Product Designers)

Gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964) Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-1969) Marcel Breuer (1902-1982)

Dieter's 10 Principles of "Good Design"

Good design: 1. is innovative 2. makes a product useful 3. is aesthetic 4. makes a product understandable 5. is unobtrusive 6. is honest 7. is long-lasting 8. is thorough down to the last detail 9. is environmentally friendly 10. is as little design as possible

Massimo and Lella Vingnelli

Italian designers with an award-winning office in NYC -designed the iconic NY subway signage system (modernist, Helvetica), branding for Unimark, Knoll, and others as well as tableware/chair design, handkerchief stackable chairs

The Modernists (Form/Function/Aesthetics)

Norman Bel Geddes (1893-1953) Henry Dreyfuss (1904-1972) Raymond Loewy (1893-1986) Richard Teague (1923-1991) Walter Teague (1883-1960) Charles and Ray Eames Eero Saarinen (1910-1961) Harry Bertoia (1915-1978) George Nelson (1908-1986) Massimo and Lella Vingnelli Dieter Rams (1932-)

The Democratization of Design

Product development that expresses a thoughtful focus on aesthetics, user-friendliness, and craft -Also shows a careful consideration for costs of the end products -Results are the beautiful & functional products that the masses can afford

The Hybrids (Artists-Craftsmen Designers)

William Morris (1834-1896) Christopher Dresser (1834-1904) Charles Renee Mackintosh (1868-1928)

The Contemporaries (Human-centered Design Luminaries)

Yves Behar Sir Jonathan Ive

New Wave

a spacial style attempting to blend 2D and 3D space

Constructivism

an artistic philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1910; a rejection of autonomous art, art should have social purposes -had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing the Bauhaus and the De Stijl movement

IDEO

an award-winning global design firm that takes a human-centered, design-based approach to help organizations innovate and grow

Egyptian Hieroglyphics

dating back to 4000 b.c., the Egyptians developed a very structured visual language... while not truly an alphabet, it contained glyphs, logographs, and determinatives -Cuneiform (3000 b.c.)

Lance Wyman

designed Mexico 68 logo for the Olympics in Mexico city (also designed by eduardo terrazas and pedro vasquez, but they don't receive credit) -design was heavily influenced by heritage of Mexico, not seen before on international stage -design included event symbols, typography, kiosks, clothing

Otl Aicher

designer for 1972 Olympics in Munich (overshadowed by terrorist event)

El Lissitzky and the Sternberg Brothers

embraced use of photographic image as a precursor to the John Heartfield political photomontages -their use of perspective and drama combined with activated type was very new -Constructivists

Dr. Robert Ley

invented the swastika (also developed design for Volkswagen)

Graphic Design in the 1800's

promoted merchandise, education, entertainment, political propaganda, beliefs/ideologies, and stereotypes

Contemporary Graphic Design Practices

provide visual design solutions in the form of brands: logos, packaging, environments, interactive design, mobile applications, and even events

Anti-Christ of Heirloom Design

rather than buying a product to last a lifetime, we make the now look new so people will buy the newer now (????????????) -companies want to sell more products, we tend to want new things

Graphic Design

the art of communication, stylizing, and problem-solving through the use of type and image to convey a message to an intended audience... with the intent to achieve a desired goal (to inform, educate or coerce) -in its infancy, typography/literature and the fine arts were used as a form of expression and visual portrayal for products and services (now it is very broad) -IMAGES AND WORDS play a huge role

Interaction Design

the interaction with the product has moved beyond the physical interaction and now exists within the software itself (discovered by Moggridge)

Graphic Designers

use various methods to create and combine words, symbols, and images to create a visual representation of ideas and messages

Images and Words

while both have the power of passing content along independently, it is when both are present that our contemporary design roots truly began

Helmut Esslinger

worked for Sony before opening up FROG (Federal Republic of Germany) -in 1982, he entered into an exclusive $1,000,000 per year contract with Apple Computers to create a design strategy which transformed Apple into a global brand -his early product concepts eventually led to the iPhone