Dev. Psych Ch. 1
Life expectancy in the U.S. is __ years of age
78
Life-span expert Bernice Neurace argues that in the United States, chronological age is becoming irrelevant. Which of the following statements support her thinking?
A 65-year old father of a preschooler A 28-year old mayor A 70-year old student NOT a 19-year old student NOT a 70-year old mayor
which theorist held that development reflects the influence of five environmental systems
Bronfenbrenner
___ period is when a certain developmental process needs to take place or else it will not occur.
Critical
Which of the following statements about ethnicity is false?
European Americans are not considered an ethnic group NOT cultural heritage and language are aspects of ethnicity NOT ethnicity can include race and religion NOT there is much diversity within an ethnic group
Konrad _____, a European zoologist helped bring ethology to prominence
Lorenz
match the ethical principle with the correct explanation of the principle
THIS ONE IS NOT CORRECT informed consent- participants will be advised of the purpose of the study and methods used once their participation has ended. confidentiality- for study purposes, participants are not told everything in advance because it would change their behavior and alter data. This is allowed as long as participants are not harmed. debriefing- information on participants must not be published or revealed. ideally, participants information will remain anonymous. deception- participants must have information on the costs and benefits of their participation. They must be told they have the right to withdraw.
Which of the following studies involves random assignment
Tom, a graduate assistant, tosses a coin to determine whether a participant will be in the control or experimental group
Which of the following are cognitive theories of development?
Vygtotsky's sociIocultural theory Piaget's developmental theory information-processing theory NOT Skinner's operant conditioning theory
The "nature" part of the nature vs. nurture controversy can be described as
a biological and genetic perspective
Freud and Erikson
behavioral and social cognitive theories
Match with its correct description
biological age- involves knowing the functional capacity of a persons vital organs psychological age- involves adaptive capacities (such as motivation or flexibility) compared with others of the same age chronological age- age of a person in terms of years social age= involves connectedness with others and roles individuals adopt
Which compares quantitative change to qualitative change?
continuity vs. discontinuity
match each of the three major types of research design with its correct description
descriptive- aims to observe and and record behavior experimental- aims to determine cause and effect correlation- aims to access the strength of the relationship between or among variables
_____ is the pattern or movement that begins at conception
development
both the behavioral and social cognitive theories suggest that
development does not occur in a stage-like fashion
Which of the following statements best reflects the position of most develop mentalists?
development is influenced by nature, nurture, stability, change, continuity and discontinuity
Skinner, Bandura, Paiget, Vygotsky
ecological theory
between 18 to 25 years of age is considered the developmental stage of ________ adulthood.
emerging
The information processing theory of development
emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it
Lorenz and Bowlby
ethological theory
____ identity refers to the characteristics of people as males and females
gender
a father provides support so all of his children have the ability to attend college. Erikson would call this the ______-versus-stagnation stage.
generativity
in the developmental issue of continuity and discontinuity, continuity refers to ______ and discontinuity refers to _____.
gradual change distinct changes
Ducklings will follow usually the first moving object that they see, usually their mother. This process is called
imprinting
Which of the following statements about the human life-span is TRUE?
in the 20th century, the human lifespan increased by 30 years in the united states the upper boundary of the human life is based on the oldest age documented the maximum human life span has not changed since the beginning of recorded history the maximum life span is 122 years NOT human life expectancy has not changed for several decades
In an experiment, the ________ variable is manipulated by the experimenter, whereas the _______ variable is measured for change in response to the manipulation.
independent dependent
Vygotsky maintained that development
is inseparable from social and cultural influences
Which of the following are criticisms of research performed in the laboratory?
it is not a natural setting participants usually know they are being studied
which of the following correctly describe the life span perspective on development?
it occurs throughout life it involves growth and change NOT it begins at birth
a strategy in which one group of the same individuals is studied over time, usually several years or more, is referred to as __________ to developmental research
longitudinal approach
Melinda is at a museum watching how parents interact with their children. She counts the number of times scientific explanations are given to girls versus boys. This is an example of
naturalistic observation
match the main developmental issue with its description
nature versus nurture- involves how much of our development is impacted by biology and how much it is impacted by the environment. continuity versus discontinuity- involves how much of our development is gradual/cumulative and how much is stage-like stability versus change- involves to the degree in which early traits and characteristics persist or evolve throughout the life span
Patrick's mother died when he was seven years old. This major impact on his life is best described as a
non-normative life event
a ____ age-graded influence that describes influences similar for people of a particular age group
normative
Match each of Freud's stages of psychosexual development with its description
oral stage-infant pleasure centers on mouth anal stage- child pleasure centers on anus phallic stage- child pleasure focuses on genitals latency stage- sexual interest is repressed genital stage- sexual interest is reawakened
the _____ period of development is from the time of conception to birth
prenatal
Bronfenbrenner
psychoanalytic theory
in emerging adulthood is a sense that one has mastery with their own autonomy.
self-focused
which of the following are key components to vygotsky's theory
social interaction and culture
The three types of processes that affect development are
socioemotional processes biological processes cognitive processes
Which of the following are methods of data collection?
surveys and interviews observation physiological measures case studies NOT imprinting NOT developing stage theories of development
Mark all of the statements that are true about culture
the behavior of people is often influenced by their culture culture is passed on from one generation to the next people from the same culture often share similar beliefs NOT all culture groups are defined by geographic boundaries
which of the following are potential problems with a case study?
the findings may not be generalizable case studies may lack reliable judgment since there is often little input from other professionals
Jessica has formed an interrelated set of ideas to explain the phenomenon of social anxiety. Jessica has formed a
theory
Piaget's theory describes the actively constructing and ______ of the world
understanding
