Developmental Psych Ch. 3

The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?

1

When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______.

100

Typical prenatal development lasts how many weeks?

38-40

Which of the following prescription drugs can function as a teratogen?

Acne medications Antibiotics Synthetic estrogen

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______.

Blastocyst

which begins the week after conception, is the specialization of cells.

Cell differentiation

Research indicates that high doses of what nonprescription drug can contribute to fetal bleeding?

asprin

In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid ______ division.

cell

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.

drank alcohol

Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n) _______ . (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)

embryo

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the _________ period

fetal

Which prenatal period lasts about seven months?

fetal

Women who are pregnant at age 35 or older are at an elevated risk of having a pregnancy with which of the following complications?

fetal death preterm birth

The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception.

germinal

period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.

germinal

Approximately 11 to 15 days after conception, ______ takes place.

implantation

The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______.

implantation

In general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ______.

it occurs earlier in the pregnancy

Which of the following outcomes are associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?

learning problems facial deformities heart problems

The three stages of birth are not of equal length; the first stage is generally ______ than the others.

longer

Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal use of caffeine during pregnancy?

low birth weight babies born small for gestational age

Loss of sleep is one of the biggest concerns during the postpartum period and has been shown to affect which of the following?

marital conflict decision making stress levels

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______.

mitosis

Individual nerve cells known as ________ are involved in information processing at the cellular level in the brain.

neurons

Nerve cells, which handle information processing at the cellular level, are known as

neurons

What can the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) be used to assess?

newborn's reflexes newborn's reaction to people and objects newborn's neurological development

According to the U.S. surgeon general,

no alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.

The ______ is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.

placenta

drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.

psychactive

Prenatal care involves a defined schedule of visits for medical care, which includes ______ for manageable conditions and treatable diseases.

screening

stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes.

second

True or false: Heavy amounts of caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight.

t

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n)

teratogen

Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______.

teratogen

The severity and type of damage to an embryo is influenced by the dose, genetic susceptibility and _____ of exposure to a teratogen.

time

The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the

trophoblast

The outer layer of cells that eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______.

trophoblast

Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the _____ ______ connects the baby to the placenta.

umbilical cord

The fertilized egg is called the ______.

zygote

After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ______.

embryo

period is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.

germinal

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?

germinal fetal embryonic

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______.

placenta

is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join.

placenta

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?

Social services Nutritional services Comprehensive educational services

Which of the following are true statements about the first stage of birth?

The cervix dilates to approximately 10 cm. Contractions become more frequent and intense.

Regarding the periods of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true?

The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester.

Regarding paternal risk factors, which of the following statements are true?

There is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in offspring of older fathers. If a father smokes while the mother is pregnant, there is an increased risk for early pregnancy loss. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with autism.

Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called

Trimesters

True or false: The exposure of fathers to certain environmental agents can affect their offspring.

True

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?

alcohol caffeine nicotine marijuana

The developing embryo floats in the _______, which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid.

amnion

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ______.

amnion

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the

blastocyst

In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid _______ division.

cell