Developmental Psych Chapter 1-3
cross sectional research study
A developmental research design that compares people of different ages at a single point in time to infer age differences.
longitudinal research study
A developmental study in which one group of participants is studied repeatedly to infer age changes.
breech position
A feet-first birth position that poses risks to the neonate's health; often results in a cesarean section.
applied developmental science
A field that studies lifespan interactions between individuals and the contexts in which they live and applies research findings to real-world settings, such as to influence social policy and create interventions.
lanugo
A fine, down-like hair that covers the fetus's body.
dominant recessive inheritance
A form of genetic inheritance in which the phenotype reflects only the dominant allele of a heterozygous pair.
cohort
A generation of people born at the same time, influenced by the same historical and cultural conditions.
dizogotic twins
Also known as a fraternal twin; occurs when two ova are released and each is fertilized by a different sperm; the resulting offspring share 50% of the genetic material.
monozygotic twins
Also known as an identical twin; occurs when the zygote splits apart early in development. The resulting offspring share 100% of their genetic material.
germinal period
Also referred to as the period of the zygote; refers to the first 2 weeks after conception.
Terotogens
An environmental factor that causes damage to prenatal development.
emerging adulthood
An extended transition to adulthood that takes place from ages 18 to 25, in which a young person is no longer an adolescent yet has not assumed the roles that comprise adulthood.
theory
An organized set of observations to describe, explain, and predict a phenomenon.
Share about one half of their genes
Andrew and Alexandra are dizygotic twins. A statement that describes them is that they
midwife
A health care professional, usually a nurse, who specializes in childbirth. Midwives provide health care throughout pregnancy and supervise home births.
Cognitive Schemas
A mental representation, such as concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting with the world.
responds to sounds as early as 23-25 weeks after conception
A newborn's capacity for auditory perception is remarkable because the baby ______.
Psychoanalytic Theories
A perspective introduced by Freud that development and behavior are stage-like and influenced by inner drives, memories, and conflicts of which an individual is unaware and cannot control.
Amniocentesis
A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of the amniotic fluid is extracted from the mother's uterus and subject to genetic analysis.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
A prenatal diagnostic that samples cell- free fetal DNA from the mother's blood for chromosomal abnormalities.
hypothesis
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested.
apgar scale
A quick overall assessment of a baby's immediate health at birth, including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
has ethnicity at risk for a genetic disorder
A reason for a pregnant woman to have prenatal testing is if she
sickle cell trait
A recessive trait, most often affecting African Americans, that causes red blood cells to become crescent or sickle shaped, resulting in difficulty distributing oxygen throughout the circulatory system.
nature-nurture issue
A debate within the field of human development regarding whether development is caused by nature (genetics or heredity) or nurture (the physical and social environment).
physical development
Body maturation, including body size, proportion, appearance, health, and perceptual abilities.
feet first
Breech position means that the baby is facing ______.
In Vitro Fertilization
Fertilization, the creation of zygotes, that takes place outside of a woman's body by mixing sperm with ova that have been surgically removed from the woman's body.
dominant
If a gene is expressed regardless of the gene it is paired with it is said to be
HIV
Infection most commonly passed through sexual activity and intravenous drug use, which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Turner Syndrome
Sex chromosome abnormality in which a female is born with only one X chromosome; girls with Turner syndrome show abnormal growth patterns, abnormalities in primary and secondary sex characteristics, and other disorders.
Klinefelter syndrome
Sex chromosome abnormality in which a male has an extra X chromosome (XXY).
A perspective that development results from dynamic interactions between genetics and the environment such that the expression of genetic inheritance is influenced by environmental forces.
epigenetics
Refers to a birthweight of less than 750 grams (1 lb., 10 oz.); poses serious risks for survival, developmental challenges, and handicaps.
extremely low birth weight
is exposed to a teratogen while that body part is developing
Structural defects occur when the embryo ______.
sleeper effects
Teratogenic outcomes or effects that are not visible until many years later.
ovum
The female reproductive cell or egg cell
behavioral genetics
The field of study that examines how genes and environment combine to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviors.
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
The most common neurobehavioral assessment administered to newborns that is administered a few days after birth to assess neurological functioning, including the strength of 20 inborn reflexes, responsiveness to the physical and social environment, and changes in state.
fetus
The prenatal organism from about the ninth week of pregnancy to delivery; a period of rapid growth and maturation of body structures.
meiosis
The process by which a gamete is formed, containing one half of the cell's chromosomes, producing ova and sperm with 23 single, unpaired chromosomes.
cell differentiation
The process by which cells become specialized to form different parts of the body; begins roughly 72 hours after fertilization when the organism consists of about 16 to 32 cells.
implantation
The process by which the blastocyst becomes attached to the uterine wall, completed by about 10 days after fertilization.
Scientific method
The process of forming and answering questions using systematic observations and gathering information.
cervix to dilate so the fetus's head can pass through
The purpose of contractions during childbirth is to cause the ______.
Heritability
The statistic that indicates the extent to which variation of a certain trait can be traced to genes.
zygote
The structure that has 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from the biological mother and half from the biological father is the
teratology
The study of abnormalities in prenatal development.
canalization
The tendency for a trait that is biologically programmed to be restricted to only a few outcomes.
continuos development
The view that development consists of gradual cumulative changes in existing skills and capacities.
false
True or False: A specific teratogen influences prenatal development the same way in every developing baby.
True
True or false: If Joseph does what his peers tell him to do and avoids speaking for himself, it is likely that he is taking a passive role in his development.
true
True or false: Implantation occurs when the blastocyst burrows into the wall of the uterus.
False
True or false: Socioemotional development refers to the maturation of thought processes and methods to obtain knowledge, become aware of the world and solve issues.
context
Unique conditions in which a person develops, including aspects of the physical and social environment such as family, neighborhood, culture, and historical time period.
Culture
What is the term for a set of customs, knowledge, attitudes and values shared by members of a group?
Epigenetics
What is the term for genes as different phenotypes in different contexts?
Sensitivity to teratogens begins at about 8 weeks after conception.
What statement is false?
High pitched voice, feminine body shape, breast enlargement, and infertility
Which characteristics are present in Klinefelter's syndrome?
neural tube defects
Which complication is due to a factor other than maternal age?
Huntington's disease
Which disorder is passed on through dominant inheritance
The expectant ovum releases heat which the sperm track.
Which factor helps guide the sperm to the ovum?
supports the mother
Which function does a doula perform during the birthing process?
Native American
Which group of women is least likely to obtain prenatal care during the first trimester?
An advantage of structured observations is that people tend to behave in laboratory settings similarly to how they behave in their actual environments.
Which is a false statement?
Ethology is the scientific study of the evolutionary basis of behavior.
Which is a true statement?
Cohorts-related changes may limit the generalizability of conclusions.
Which of the following is a limitation of the longitudinal study?
Behavior geneticists recognize that even traits that have a strong genetic component such as height, are modified by environmental influences
Which of the following statements are true regarding behavior geneticists?
sociocultural theory
Which perspective examines how culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through community interaction?
Fetal MRI
Which prenatal diagnosing method uses a magnetic scanner to record detailed images of fetal organs and structures?
first
Which stage of delivery lasts the longest?
Which term is a type of gene-environment correlation
Which statement describes genetic influences on personal characteristics?
Gametes are sperm in males and ova in females
Which statement is true regarding gametes?
cesearean section/c section
a surgical procedure that removes the fetus from the uterus through the abdomen.
A perspective that uses a computer analogy to describe how the mind receives information and manipulates, stores, recalls, and uses it to solve problems.
information processing theory
assest
protecting a child from harm a research method could possibly inflict is respecting the child's
The ability to adapt to serious adversity.
resilience
Vygotsky's theory that individuals acquire culturally relevant ways of thinking through social interactions with members of their culture.
sociocultural theory
poor nutrition on both sides of the family
through genetic counseling, Mark and Melody learned that their difficulty with conception and pregnancy was due too
What medical speciality helps prospective parents determine the risk that their children will inherit genetic defects and chromosomal abnormalities?
genetic counseling
21st
Down syndrome occurs when a third chromosome appears along side which pair of chromosomes
gamate
A reproductive cell; sperm in males and ovum in females.
correlational research
A research design that measures relationships among participants' measured characteristics, behaviors, and development.
low birth weight
Classifies infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth.
Social learning theory
Jeffery watched his classmate give his teacher an apple and the teacher was very happy. The next day, Jeffery brought an apple for the teacher. What theoretical viewpoint does this illustrate?
Fetal period
Occurs during the ninth week of prenatal development to birth, in which the fetus grows rapidly, and its organs become more complex and begin to function.
heterozygous
Refers to a chromosomal pair consisting of two different alleles.
resilience
The ability of people to survive during times of deprivation is an example of
autonomy
The ability to make and carry out decisions independently.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
A recessive disorder that prevents the body from producing an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (an amino acid) from proteins that, without treatment, leads to buildup that damages the central nervous system.
experimental research
A research design that permits inferences about cause and effect by exerting control, systematically manipulating a variable, and studying the effects on measured variables
open ended interview
A research method in which a researcher asks a participant questions using a flexible, conversational style and may vary the order of questions, probe, and ask follow-up questions based on the participant's responses.
naturalistic observation
A research method in which a researcher views and records an individual's behavior in natural, real-world settings.
structured interview
A research method in which each participant is asked the same set of questions in the same way.
questionnaire
A research method in which researchers use a survey or set of questions to collect data from large samples of people.
prenatal care
A set of services provided to improve pregnancy outcomes and engage the expectant mother, family members, and friends in pregnancy-related health care decisions.
Jacob's Syndrome
A sex chromosome abnormality experienced by men in which they produce high levels of testosterone; also known as XYY syndrome.
mutation
A sudden permanent change in the structure of genes.
Fetoscopy
A technique that uses a small camera, inserted through a small incision on the mother's abdomen or cervix and placed into the amniotic sac to examine and perform procedures on the fetus during pregnancy.
behaviorism
A theoretical approach that studies how observable behavior is controlled by the physical and social environment through conditioning.
Bioecological Systems Theory
A theory introduced by Bronfenbrenner that emphasizes the role of context in development, positing that contexts are organized into a series of systems in which individuals are embedded and that interact with one another and the person to influence development
blastocyst
A thin-walled, fluid-filled sphere containing an inner mass of cells from which the embryo will develop; is implanted into the uterine wall during the germinal period.
alleles
A variation of a gene that influences an individual's characteristics
50%
About how much of their sleep time do newborns spend in REM?
the way parents gratify their child's desires at various stages
According to Freud, personality development is heavily influenced by
They experienced a positive neighborhood context with many other African American families sharing similar experiences.
According to adult members if the Washington family, which of the following influences helped them cope with discrimination following the integration of schools.
Mara, who just turned 38
According to research on twins, which of the following women is more likely to have fraternal twins?
Chronic Villus sampling
Allison is pregnant and has been identified as someone at risk for genetic abnormalities. Due to the severity of her risk, the genetic counselor has recommended that she be tested before the 10th week of her pregnancy, even though it increases the risk of limb defects or miscarriage. What prenatal diagnostic procedure is being recommended?
labor
Also known as childbirth, occurs at about 40 weeks of pregnancy, or 38 weeks after conception.
Down Syndrome
Also known as trisomy 21; a condition in which a third, extra chromosome appears at the 21st site. Down syndrome is associated with distinctive physical characteristics accompanied by developmental disability.
Hemiphilia
An X-linked chromosomal disorder involving abnormal blood clotting.
niche-picking
An active gene-environment correlation in which individuals seek out experiences and environments that complement their genetic tendencies.
surrogacy
An alternative form of reproduction known in which a woman (the surrogate) is impregnated and carries a fetus to term and agrees to turn the baby over to a woman, man, or couple who will raise it.
social learning theory
An approach that emphasizes the role of modeling and observational learning over people's behavior in addition to reinforcement and punishment.
lifespan human development
An approach to studying human development that examines ways in which individuals grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to death.
fragile x syndrome
An example of a dominant-recessive disorder carried on the X chromosome characterized by intellectual disability, cardiac defects, and behavioral mannerisms common in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders; occurs in both males and females but is more severe in males.
carrier
An individual who is heterozygous for a particular trait, in which a recessive gene is not expressed in the phenotype yet may be passed on to the carrier's offspring.
genotype
An individual's collection of genes that contain instructions for all physical and psychological characteristics, including hair, eye color, personality, health, and behavior.
kangaroo care
An intervention for low-birthweight babies in which the infant is placed vertically against the parent's chest, under the shirt, providing skin-to-skin contact.
structured observation
An observational measure in which an individual's behavior is viewed and recorded in a controlled environment; a situation created by the experimenter.
Classical conditioning
Andrew is an alcoholic and wants to stop drinking. His therapist asks him to take a pill that makes him feel nauseous every time he drinks alcohol. He does this for 1 month, throwing up every time he drinks with the pill. After one month, his therapist asks him to stop taking the pills. Andrew throws up when he takes his first drink without the pill and loses his desire to drink. What behavioristic strategy did his therapist use?
States of Arousal
Degrees of wakefulness; newborns shift among six states of arousal ranging from regular sleep to waking activity.
genetic counseling
Jen and CJ want to start a family. However, they both have a have history of genetic disorders. To learn about the probability of conceiving a child with a genetic disorder, Jen and CJ should seek
probably due to other factors although caffeine could be a possibility.
Jennifer consumed caffeine while she was pregnant. She had a baby who was born with low birth weight. Jennifer's doctor would say the reason for her baby being born with low birth weight is ______.
complicated effects in which some teratogens display sleeper effects
Jessica's mother was given a hormone to prevent miscarriages while she was pregnant. Jessica was born healthy, but as an adult she contracted cervical cancer. The doctors attribute her cancer to the hormone her mother took when she was pregnant with Jessica. This is an example of which principle of teratology?
kangaroo care
Joelle and Richard's first child, Lila, is preterm. Which method is Lila's physician likely to recommend to help with her development?
Jacob's
Kevin is a male who has a condition that causes him to produce high levels of testosterone resulting in severe acne and poor coordination, and he has a slender build. What chromosomal abnormality syndrome does this describe.
observational learning
Learning that occurs by watching and imitating models, as posited by social learning theory.
extremely low birth weight
Liam was born weighing less than 750 g or 1 pound, 10 oz. What category is he in?
age of viability
The age at which the fetus may survive if born prematurely; begins about 22 weeks after conception.
genes
The basic unit of heredity; a small section of a chromosome that contains the string of chemicals (DNA) that provide instructions for the cell to manufacture proteins.
dependent variable
The behavior under study in an experiment; it is expected to be affected by changes in the independent variable.
DNA
The chemical structure, shaped like a twisted ladder, that contains all of the genes.
range of reaction
The concept that a genetic trait may be expressed in a wide range of phenotypes dependent on environmental opportunities and constraints.
developmental delays
The condition in which a child is less physically or cognitively developed than the norm for his or her age.
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
The continuum of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol.
independent variable
The factor proposed to change the behavior under study in an experiment; it is systematically manipulated during an experiment.
endoderm
The inner layer of an embryonic disk, which will develop into the digestive system, liver, lungs, pancreas, salivary glands, and respiratory system.
Geonomic Imprinting
The instance when the expression of a gene is determined by whether it is inherited from the mother or father.
mesoderm
The middle layer of the embryonic disk; develops into the muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and internal organs
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
The most severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder accompanying heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol, including a distinct pattern of facial characteristics, growth deficiencies, and deficits in intellectual development.
phenotype
The observable physical or behavioral characteristics of a person's eye color, hair color, or height.
ectoderm
The outer layer of the embryonic disk, which will develop into the skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the nervous system.
placenta
The principal organ of exchange between the mother and the developing organism, enabling the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes via the umbilical cord.
mitosis
The process of cell duplication in which DNA is replicated and the resulting cell is genetically identical to the original.
discontinuous development
The view that growth entails abrupt transformations in abilities and capacities in which new ways of interacting with the world emerge.
information processing
Theoretical perspective that considers changes and growth to be independent of stages is
questionnaire
Which technique would be most effective for a researcher to collect data on adolescent sexual behavior?
Alcohol
Which teratogen is the leading cause of developmental disabilities?
Erik Erikson
Which theories believed that people progress through a series of psychosocial stages?
longitudinal
Which type of research design would provide information about age change?
correlational
Which type of research highlights associations among variable without determining causes of the association?
cognitive development theory
A perspective posited by Piaget that views individuals as active explorers of their world, learning by interacting with the world around them, and describes cognitive development as progressing through stages.
Reciprocal Determinism
A perspective positing that individuals and the environment interact and influence each other.
Evolutionary Developmental Theory
A perspective that applies principles of evolution and scientific knowledge about the interactive influence of genetic and environmental mechanisms to understand the adaptive value of developmental changes that are experienced with age.
informed consent
A participant's informed (knowledge of the scope of the research and potential harm and benefits of participating), rational, and voluntary agreement to participate in a study
When a newborn is experiencing drowsiness, their breathing is faster than in regular sleep.
Which statement is true?
understanding the influence of heredity on attributes and behavior in animals
A behavior genetical would want to conduct a selective breeding study because he or she interested in _________
preterm
A birth that occurs 35 or fewer weeks after conception.
doula
A caregiver who provides support to an expectant mother and her partner throughout the birth process.
Plasticity
A characteristic of development refers to malleability or openness to change in response to experience
hormones
A chemical that is produced and secreted into the bloodstream to affect and influence physiological functions.
sequential research design
A developmental design in which multiple groups of participants of different ages are followed over time, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
zygote
A fertilized ovum
classical conditioning
A form of learning in which an environmental stimulus becomes associated with stimuli that elicit reflex responses.
operant conditioning
A form of learning in which behavior increases or decreases based on environmental consequences.
incomplete dominance
A genetic inheritance pattern in which both genes are expressed in the phenotype
adoption
A legal process in which a person assumes the parenting rights and responsibilities of a child
embryonic disk
A mass of cells that differentiates into three layers that will develop into the embryo.
artificial insemination
A means of conception in which sperm are injected into the vagina by a means other than sexual intercourse.
genetic counseling
A medical specialty that helps prospective parents determine the probability that their children will inherit genetic defects and chromosomal abnormalities.
random assignment
A method of assigning participants that ensures each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to the experimental group or control group.
epidural
A method of pain management often used during labor in which a regional anesthetic drug is administered to a small space between the vertebrae of the lower spine to numb the woman's lower body.
Anencephaly
A neural tube defect that results in the failure of all or part of the brain to develop, resulting in death prior or shortly after birth
Spina Bifida
A neural tube that results in spinal nerves growing outside of the vertebrae, often resulting in paralysis and developmental disability
fetal mri
Applies MRI technology to image the fetus's body and diagnose malformations.
She swam and did prenatal yogo
As described in the book, maternal health, nutrition, and stress during a pregnancy not only affects the mother but can also have a profound impact on the developing embryo and fetus. In the video Lara explains what helped her ensure a healthy pregnancy.
History graded influence
As discussed in the book, an important context that influences our development is the time period in which we live. Growing up during desegregation, which affected the entire Washington family, is an example of
28 weeks after conception
At which point in prenatal development does brain development grow most rapidly?
the gene is dominant and need to appear on only one X chromosomes to be displayed
Both males and females can inherit fragile X syndrome because
small for date
Describes an infant who is full term but who has significantly lower weight than expected for the gestational age.
information processing theory
Diane remembers people by associating their names with something that describes the person or someone else with the same name she has met before. Which perspective discusses Diane's ability?
Not have observed the long term patterns among the three trajectories of children
Dr. Fothergill explains the importance of longitudinal research in this particular study. If the research team had only studied the children for a year, they would
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Dr. Johnson conducted research on individuals discharged from the military because of an injury in the line of duty. When she discovered a large number of subjects exhibited symptoms of PTSD, she set up a support group for the subjects after the study concluded Dr. Johnson was engaging in
Ethology
Emphasizes the evolutionary basis of behavior and its adaptive value in ensuring survival of a species.
meiosis
Genetics are produced through the process called
Vernix Caseosa
Greasy material that protects the fetal skin from abrasions, chapping, and hardening that can occur from exposure to amniotic fluid.
Nature-nurture
Heredity, maturational processes, and evolution as compared to environmental influences describes which issue in life span development?
24 hours
How long does an ovum remain viable in the fallopian tube?
300-500 million
How many sperm are typically released during ejaculation?
Chronosystem
In bioecological systems theory, refers to how the people and contexts change over time.
Exosystem
In bioecological systems theory, social settings in which an individual does not participate but has an indirect influence on development.
microsystem
In bioecological systems theory, the innermost level of context, which includes an individual's immediate physical and social environment.
Mesosystem
In bioecological systems theory, the relations and interactions among microsystems.
macrosystem
In bioecological systems theory, the sociohistorical context—cultural values, laws, and cultural values—in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem are embedded, posing indirect influences on individuals.
reinforcement
In operant conditioning, the process by which a behavior is followed by a desirable outcome increases the likelihood of a response.
punishment
In operant conditioning, the process in which a behavior is followed by an aversive or unpleasant outcome that decreases the likelihood of a response.
the placenta
In the ultrasound shown in the video, you observed a variety of fetal structures. What structure enables the exchange of nutrients, oxygen and wastes via the umbilical cord?
a private event
In the video, Ben describes the preparations that he and his wife have taken prior to the birth of their baby. In the US childbirth is
the fetus's head is too large to pass through the pelvis
In the video, you learned that Brail has one of the highest rate of CSection deliveries in the world. According to your book, Csections should be performed with caution such as when
cognitive development
Maturation of mental processes and tools individuals use to obtain knowledge, think, and solve problems.
socioemotional development
Maturation of social and emotional functioning, which includes changes in personality, emotions, personal perceptions, social skills, and interpersonal relationships.
80%
Medication is administered in what percentage of births in the United States?
They originated from the same zygote.
Milee and Michelle are identical twins. Therefore which of the following statements is true?
4
Monozygotic twins occur in how many of every 1000 US births?
Genetically dizygotic twins are no more similar to each other than are other siblings who are conceived and born naturally.
Mykel and Charmayne are expecting twins. They learn that their twins are dizygotic and want know how similar they will be to one another. Which of the following statements accurately answers that question?
embryonic period
Occurs from about 2 to 8 weeks after pregnancy, in which rapid structural development takes place.
polygenetic inheritance
Occurs when a trait is a function of the interaction of many genes, such as with height, intelligence, and temperament.
chromosomes
One of 46 rod-like molecules that contain 23 pairs of DNA found in every body cell and collectively contain all of the genes.
migrate the effects of stress on pregnancy and infant care
One of Laura's roles as as a doula is to provide social support. Social support during and after pregnancy can
ultrasound
Prenatal diagnostic procedure in which high-frequency sound waves are directed at the mother's abdomen to provide clear images of the womb projected onto a video monitor.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Prenatal diagnostic test that is conducted on cells sampled from the chorion to detects chromosomal abnormalities.
abrupt transformation
Which statement represents discontinuous development?
Gene environment interaction
Refer to the dynamic interplay between our genes and our environment in determining out characteristics, behavior, physical, cognitive, and social development as well as health.
very low birth weight
Refers to a birthweight less than 1,500 grams (3.5 lbs.); poses risks for developmental disabilities and handicaps.
homozygous
Refers to a chromosomal pair consisting of two identical alleles.
Confidentiality
Researchers who keep study participants' personal information concealed from the public are practicing
Nora, 37, who devoted many of her early adult years to education and a career.
Which of the following individuals or couples are the best candidates for genetic counseling?
Even though monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins have different percentages of genes, they will have the same average correlation of intelligence scores
Which of the following is false about monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins?
vision
Which perceptual ability is least developed at birth?
Genetics, evolution and environment interact to influence how people grow and change.
Which statement describes the current nature-nurture debate in human development?
Physical reaction time is at a peak in people who are in their 20s.
Which statement illustrates multidirectional lifespan development?
Studies in which pregnant women are randomly assigned to either a group that is expected to drink two glasses of wine a day, or a group that avoids alcohol, would be unethical.
Which statement is also true?
The most widespread and routine diagnostic procedure in amniocentesis
Which statement is false regarding diagnostic procedure and amniocentesis?
People around the world share the majority of their genes
Which statement is true regarding genetics?
Sickle cell anemia is considered to be passed on through recessive inheritance
Which statement is true regarding sickle cell anemia?