Developmental psych chapter 10 connect

A research study was performed in which 6-month-old infants observed their mothers either giving attention to a lifelike baby doll or gently rocking it (Hart & others 2004). Researchers had to decide if infant emotional expressions constituted _____________. This illustrates the complexity of indexing early emotions.

jealousy

What relationships are characterized by both elevated levels of support and higher levels of control and jealousy?

long-term adolescent relationships

A slow-to-warm-up child has a ________ activity level, is somewhat _________, and displays _________ intensity of mood.

low; negative; low

As children progress from the __________ (early/middle/late) through the __________ (early/middle/late) childhood years, they come to recognize emotions, are able to identify and explain them, are increasingly concerned with self-regulating them, and appreciate that they can be ambiguous.

middle and late

According to twin studies, heredity has a _______ influence on differences in temperament within a group of people.

moderate

According to twin studies, heredity has a _________ influence on differences in temperament within a group of people.

moderate

Researchers are discovering that infants are ________ (more/less) socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than was previously envisioned.

more

As compared to the parents, adolescents are more likely to experience:

more extreme and more fleeting emotions.

Adolescents can become moody from time to time, and it is important for parents to recognize that moodiness during adolescence is:

normal

Which of the following regions of the brain is likely the LEAST related to mother-infant attachment?

occipital lobe

Which two of the following are the most consistent outcomes of secure attachment in adolescence?

positive peer relations and emotion regulation

Which of the following types of emotions are present in infancy?

primary emotions

One way to describe temperament involves the variation in the speed and intensity with which an individual responds to situations with positive or negative emotions. This is referred to as:

reactivity

Social ______ occurs when one can understand the emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a given situation.

referencing

According to studies, adult attachment styles with romantic partners are:

reflective of childhood attachment patterns but also influenced by later experience.

Which type of infant smile does not depend on external stimuli?

reflexive

caregivers of ___ babies tend to be inconsistent when responding to their babies

resistant

What type of love is also called passionate love and has strong components of sexuality and infatuation?

romantic

Self-conscious emotions do not appear until the second half of the __________ year of life.

second

Adults with a(n) ___ attachment style have positive relationships.

secure

What term describes an infant who sees the caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment?

securely attached

Romantic love has strong components of ______ and infatuation.

sexuality

Ainsworth created the _____ Situation, an observational way to identify differences in infant attachment.

strange

Nine-year-old Aaron used to get really angry with his classmates, but that is not the case now. This example illustrates that in middle-to-late childhood, children learn to:

suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions

Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations where he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates

the concept of goodness of fit

What is the general research conclusion regarding the strange situation?

the experiment continues to have some merit

Bowlby argued that infants develop an internal ___ ___ of attachment

working model

Mikulincer and shaver (2019) have identified which of the following benefits for securely attached individuals?

-ability to control their emotions -mindful of what is happening around them -well-integrated sense of self-acceptance

Which of the following two factors can result in an infant showing fear as 3 months?

-abuse -neglect

Which of the following are characteristics of high-quality child care?

-age-appropriate toys -age-appropriate activities -safe enviroment

A study of 2 and 3-year-old children showed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced was linked to

-behavioral problems -decreased pro social behavior

Which of the following are true of attachment in older adults?

-caregiver burden is related to insecure attachment -they have fewer attachment relationships than younger adults -they have a decrease in attachment anxiety

Which of the following are important factors that shape one's temperament?

-caregiver's culture -gender

Which of the following characterize relationships of securely attached adults?

-commitment -longevity -trust

Which of the following statements are true based on Harlow's conclusions from studying infant monkeys?

-contact comfort is crucial in the attachment process -feeding is not the crucial element in the attachment process

Chess and Thomas' classification system placed children into which categories of temperament?

-difficult -easy -slow-to-warm-up

Positive caregiving beginning with infancy is an important factor in later development. Which of the following are experiences that lead to positive developmental adjustments?

-early secure caregiver attachment -positive maternal care -constructive experiences with life stresses

Which of the following are true about the differences between fathers and mothers in their interactions with infants?

-fathers engage in more rough-and-tumble play and mothers -mother's interactions tend to center on child-care activities -father's interactions are more likely to include play

The development of locomotor skills is the result of which of the following?

-infant motivation to reach a goal -environmental support for the skill -nervous system development

Which of the following statements apply to Bowlby's concept of attachment?

-infants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments -attachment is important for survival

Stern berg identified THREE main components of love. What are they?

-intimacy -passion -commitment

Which of the following are true about the developmental cascade model?

-it can include connections between biological, cognitive, and sociomotional processes -it can produce positive or negative outcomes at different points in development -it can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture

Which are important social cognitive accomplishments that are established at the end of the first year?

-joint attention -perceiving that the behavior of others is goal-directed

Which of the following are characteristics of an infants pain cry?

-lack of preliminary moaning -breath holding

Child care in the United States is most likely to come from which of the following?

-large child-care centers -nonprofit centers with churches -small private homes

Which of the following are aspects of the development of social orientation?

-locomotion -goal-directed behaviors -cooperation

Emotional changes in adulthood which of the following?

-making decisions about occupations -making decisions about a life partner -moving toward a more predictable lifestyle

Infants' social sophistication and insight are reflected by which of the following?

-motivation to share and participate in others' intentionally motivated actions -increase in emotional understanding and communication -perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated

Early secure attachment has been linked with which of the following?

-positive interaction with peers and teachers -high self-esteem and self-confidence -positive emotional health

According to a recent survey, there are an estimated 2 million state-at-home fathers in the United States. Which of the following did stay-at home fathers report experiencing?

-they were excluded from parent groups -they were ignored when they took their children to playgrounds -they missed their daily life in the workplace

In the national institute of child health and development (NICHD) longitudinal study, what percentage of children experienced positive non parental care?

12 percent

In the United States, approximately __ of children 5 years of age and under attend more than one child-care arrangement.

15 percent

Self-conscious emotions develop around the age of:

18-24 months

What percentage of adults describe themselves as securely attached?

60-80%

Most people first begin to form attachments to romantic partners during:

Adolescence

The strange situation, which was an observational means to identify individual differences in infant attachment, was developed by:

Ainsworth

Which of the following people identified three basic types, or clusters, of temperament-easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up?

Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas

The close emotional bond between mothers and infants is called __________. (Make sure to spell it correctly in order to get credit!

Attachment

_________ is defined as the close emotional body between two people.

Attachment

2-7 months

Attachment becomes focused on one figure

A(n) _________ cry is a rhythmic pattern that usually consists of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, the. A shorter inspiration whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry

Basic

A person who fakes an identity on an online dating site is called a

Catfish

24 months on

Children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans

Birth to 2 months

Children instinctively direct attachment to human figures

Which of the following identifies a key way that older children learn to deal with stress?

Cognitive coping strategies

Which of the following identifies a key way that older children learn to deal with stress?

Cognitive copping strategies

The ability to develop skills contextual,y and focus on the adaptive nature of emotional experience is called emotional:

Competence

Which term refers to a child's ability to connect his or her own intentions with a peer's intentions and use this understanding to interact with the peer to reach a goal?

Cooperation

According to ainsworth's model, insecure ________ babies may show confusion and fearfulness around their caregivers

Disorganized

Caregivers of insecure ________ babies often neglect of physically abuse them

Disorganized

One reason that more children are in child care today than ever before is that U.S. adults:

Do not receive paid leave

Baby Jordan engages in little interaction with his mother and isn't distressed when she leaves the room. When she returns, Jordan does not reestablish contact with her and even turns his back on her. Which of Ainsworth's categories best describes Jordan?

He is an insecure avoidant baby.

Adam's teacher, Mr. Booker, did not say hello to Adam when they passed in the hall. Adam told himself that Mr. Booker was probably thinking about something and did not notice him. This is an illustration of:

How children cope with stress using cognitive strategies that develop as they get older.

___ are more likely to be found in family child care and informal care settings than other age groups.

Infants and toddlers

Bowlby's internal working model of attachment eventually:

Influences that child's subsequent responses to other people.

A key theme in emotional development in adulthood is the adaptive _________ of emotional experience and daily life.

Integration

Which of the following statements are true regarding face-to-face play?

It includes vocalization, touch, and gestures. It begins when the infant is about 2 to 3 months of age.

Which of the following is a criticism of attachment theory?

It overemphasizes the attachment bond and ignores infant resiliency.

Jack and Jill are brother and sister fraternal twins. Based on research, if both babies are crying, their mother will most likely respond to _________ (jack/Jill) simply because of the gender.

Jill

Which of the following is a major problem with online romantic relationships?

Misrepresentation

Which of the following has been associated with the undermining of attachment stability?

Parental separation or divorce

A __________ (reflexive/social) smile in an infant does not occur in response to external stimuli, but a _________ (reflexive/social) smile does.

Reflexive/social

Emotion _______ plays a role for young children when managing the demands and conflicts that arise when interacting with others.

Regulation

Individuals with a(n) __ attachment pattern have the ability to show resiliency and a greater ability to face stress with effective copping strategies.

Secure

Adults who are __________ attached have more positive romantics relationships.

Securely

Which type of emotion requires self-awareness and a sense of "me"

Self-conscious

As individuals move into emerging adulthood, which of the following is true about their romantic relationships?

Short-term relationships are more common.

Which of the following is chess and Thomas' classification of a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood?

Slow-to-warm-up

Which of the following refers to an infant's ability to "read" the emotions of other people?

Social referencing

Which theory state that older adults narrow their social networks?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Which of the following are criticisms of attachment theory?

Some cultures value attachments to several caregivers for a child. It ignores the diversity of socializing agents in an infant's world. Some cultures value early childhood independence.

7-24 months

Specific attachments develop

Individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding is referred to as their:

Temperament

T/F in development, biological, cognitive, and social processes are intricately intertwined.

True

T/F in the United States, the greater amount of time a child spends in child care, the more likely the child is to experience socioemotional problems.

True

T/F older adults tend to have both fewer attachment relationships and decreasing attachment anxiety.

True

T/F secure attachment in infancy has been linked to social competence with peers and lower rates of peer conflict in early childhood

True

Research find that women are more vulnerable to social and life stressors and are more likely to respond by:

Using a tend and befriend pattern

Which type of love occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has deep, caring feelings for the person?

affectionate

What type of infant cry has a loud, harsh sound to it, almost like shouting?

anger cry

The term stranger __________ describes a situation in which infants demonstrate a wariness of people they do not know.

anxiety

Adults with a(n) __ attachment style demand closeness, are less trusting, and jealous

anxious

Developmental social neuroscience involves the brain regions, hormones and neurotransmitters that are important in motivating mother-infant _______________.

attachment

Which of the following ideas are stressed by John Bowlby in his concept of attachment?

caregiver responsiveness is involved attachment is crucial in the first year

developmental _________ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes

cascade

Affectionate love is also called __ love and occurs when someone desires to have the other person near.

companionate

The ability to develop skills contextually and focus on the adaptive nature of emotional experience is called emotional:

competence

17-19 years

consolidating dyadic romantic bonds

Kagan

degrees of inhibition to the unfamiliar

The jealousy research study in which infants observed their mothers holding a lifelike baby doll illustrates the:

difficulty of interpreting infant emotion

Caregivers of insecure ______ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.

disorganized

A feeling or affect that occurs when individuals are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being, is called an

emotion

_________ is characterized by behavior that reflects the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state that individuals are in, or the transactions they are experiencing

emotion

Katrina is a child who has good social skills. When she has a disagreement with her friend, she is able to talk calmly with her and not resort to yelling and crying. Developmentalists would say that Katrina has developed healthy

emotion regulation

Older adults are motivated to spend more time pursuing ________ satisfaction.

emotional

14-16 years

exploring romantic relationships

Rothbart and bates

extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, effortful control

Which of the following are aspects of the development of social orientation?

goal-directed behaviors cooperation locomotion

What type of romantic affiliation is common during early adolescence?

having a crush

As the nervous system in infants develops, locomotion becomes possible and children are able to develop a certain amount of:

independence

Being skilled at perceiving and expressing emotion, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotions effectively is a description of emotional:

intelligence

What is one of the main criticisms of the strange situation?

it may be culturally biased

Chess and Thomas

Easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up

11-13 years

Entry into romantic attractions and affiliations

Which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment?

Erikson, Bowlby, Freud

The use of ________ to __________ play by Signs at about 2 to 3 months of age and includes vocalizations, touch, and gestures.

Face to face

T/F Temperament remains stable throughout an individual's development.

False

T/F The United States has led the way in providing paid parental leave to care for a newborn

False

T/F one surprising finding of the national institute of child health and development (NICHD) longitudinal study was that the majority of child care provided in the first three years of life was high quality

False

According to the National institute of child health and development (NICHD) research, which of the following is/are the strongest and most consistent predictor of a wide variety of child outcomes?

Family factors

If passion and commitment are presented but intimacy is not, such as when one person worships another from a distance, which of the following is present according to Sternberg?

Fatuous love

Men have been observed to be most likely to react to stress with _______ or ___________ response, which can involve either aggressive actions or a withdrawal response

Fight or flight

Which of the following are important ways that infants in their first year of life begin to understand that other people have intentions?

Gaze following Joint attention

The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term:

Goodness of fit

The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term:

Goodness of fit.