Developmental Psych Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings

Twyla is a caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for mother-to-be Aysha. Twyla will provide help before, during, and after Aysha's delivery, though she is not qualified to perform or assist with medical procedures in the case of emergency. Twyla is most likely what type of caregiver?

A doula

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components? (Select all that apply) A) Comprehensive educational services B) Nutritional services C) Employment services D) Social services

A) Comprehensive educational services B) Nutritional services D) Social services

Which factors are considered teratogens? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A) Nutritional deficiencies B) Advanced paternal age C) Maternal stress D) Sun exposure E) Infectious disease F) Drugs

A) Nutritional deficiencies B) Advanced paternal age C) Maternal stress E) Infectious disease F) Drugs

In general, prenatal care involves which activities? (Choose every correct answer.) A) Setting up a defined schedule of visits for medial care B) Screening for manageable conditions C) Testing for treatable diseases D) Making one appointment a week before birth

A) Setting up a defined schedule of visits for medial care B) Screening for manageable conditions C) Testing for treatable diseases

Which of the following is NOT a dominant characteristic? A) blond hair B) farsightedness C) dimples D) brown hair

A) blonde hair

The Apgar Scale evaluates all of the following, EXCEPT: Multiple choice question. A) size and weight. B) muscle tone. C) heart rate. D) respiratory effort.

A) size and weight.

The prenatal testing that should be performed depends on which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) A) Mother's socioeconomic status B) Medical history C) Genetic risk factors D) Mother's age

B) Medical history C) Genetic risk factors D) Mother's age

Newborn Amanda gets a total combined score of 2 on the Apgar Scale. This signals: A) her condition is good, and she does not require emergency help. B) she is in a state of emergency, and she may not survive. C) her condition is borderline, and she may need some medical assistance.

B) she is in a state of emergency, and she may not survive.

What field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?

Behavior genetics

Which of the following are recessive characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.) Blond hair Nearsightedness Dimples Freckles

Blond hair Nearsightedness Freckles

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Down syndrome? Multiple choice question. A) Intellectual and motor disabilities B) An extra copy of chromosome 21 C) An extra Y chromosome D) A round face and a flattened skull

C) An extra Y chromosome

What are benefits of the Apgar Scale? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A) It assesses infants for cognitive deficits and genetic disorders. B) It identifies infants with abnormal birth weights and measurements. C) It identifies high-risk infants who need resuscitation. D) It is good at assessing the newborn's ability to respond to the stress of delivery and its new environment.

C) It identifies high-risk infants who need resuscitation. D) It is good at assessing the newborn's ability to respond to the stress of delivery and its new environment.

Which statement regarding genotype-environment correlations is true? A) Active genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child. B) Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the child is raised away from the biological parents. C) Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child. D) Environment has nothing to do with genotype.

C) Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.

Which of the following would be most commonly used by a behavior geneticist? A) Biochemical studies B) Preimplantation testing C) Twin or adoption studies D) Molecular genetic testing

C) Twin or adoption studies

Prenatal diagnostic tests include all of the following EXCEPT Multiple choice question. A) amniocentesis. B) ultrasound sonography. C) the Apgar Scale. D) fetal MRI.

C) the Apgar Scale.

Which statement regarding genotype-environment correlations is true? A) Environment has nothing to do with genotype. B) Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the child is raised away from the biological parents. C) Active genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child. D) Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.

D) Passive genotype-environment correlations occur when the biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.

What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information?

DNA

__________ is a complex molecule that has a double helix shape and contains genetic information.

DNA

What is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

What term best describes infants that are born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term?

Preterm

How are characteristics that suit a species for survival transmitted from one generation to the next?

The genetic code inherited from our parents

True or false: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.

True

What would be most commonly used by a behavior geneticist?

Twin or adoption studies

How long does the postpartum period last?

about 6 weeks

According to Gilbert Gottlieb's epigenetic view, which of the following characterizes the relationship between heredity and environment in development?

bidirectional

In the period shortly after birth, a connection between the parent and the infant forms. This attachment is known as:

bonding

The formation of a connection, especially a physical one, between parent and infant shortly after birth is known as __________.

bonding

According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors:

do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.

A caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth is known as a:

doula

The __________ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

epigenetic

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

evolutionary psychology

Fertilization typically takes place in the:

fallopian tubes

Conception occurs when a single sperm cell from a male unites with an ovum in a process called:

fertilization

Genes are passed from generation to generation through three processes, called mitosis, meiosis, and __________

fertilization

The __________ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division, and attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall.

germinal

The period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception is known as the __________ period.

germinal

According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that:

increase reproductive success

During __________, the cell's nucleus duplicates itself and the cell divides. During __________, a specialized form of cell division occurs to form egg and sperm cells.

mitosis; meiosis

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called __________ selection.

natural

Which evolutionary process determines that individuals of a species best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce?

natural selection

Bobby's dad is a banker and loves numbers, and Bobby and his dad enjoy solving arithmetic problems. According to __________, Bobby will probably grow up to be skilled in arithmetic.

passive genotype-environment correlations

The __________ period lasts from the end of delivery until the mother's body has returned to a nearly prepregnant state (in about six weeks).

postpartum

In a gene pair, the __________ gene does NOT always exert its influence.

recessive

Human traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have an evolutionary history that is

retained in our DNA

When babies are either full term or preterm and their birth weight is below normal for their age, they are called __________ infants.

small for date

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes is referred to as a(n):

teratogen