Developmental Psychology Exam 3

After what age should pregnant women have their fetuses checked for Down's syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities?

35

Which of the following best describes a crowd?

A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group

Identify a true statement about adolescent suicides in the United States.

About one to two U.S. adolescents in 10,000 commit suicide each year.

In the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true?

Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents' relationships with their parents?

Adolescents interact more with their mothers than their fathers.

Which of the following is a potential benefit of adolescent employment?

Adolescents learn to appreciate the value of money and education.

Which of the following is a stimulant?

Amphetamine

Which of the following is a sex hormone?

Androgen

Which of the following statements is true of aging?

As people age, the immune system produces fewer white blood cells.

Which of the following is true of sexual harassment?

Charges of sexual harassment are often ignored or trivialized by coworkers and employers.

Which of the following is an example of the personal fable?

Darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine.

Which type of drugs include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone)?

Depressants

Which of the following is a difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on?

Early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on.

Which of the following is not associated with adolescence?

Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage

Which hormone causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during puberty?

Estrogen

A poor sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents.

False

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults 18 and older need at least 90 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week.

False

According to the data accumulated by the National Center for Health Statistics, the leading cause of death for late teenagers and early adults in the United States was clearly cancer.

False

Adaptive thermogenesis causes the body to produce more energy when someone goes on a diet.

False

An intrinsic reward for working is receiving a raise.

False

As people mature, Labouvie-Vief found that they tend to develop a cognitive-affective complexity that enables them to harbor only positive feelings about their career choices.

False

Death rates are low in adolescence, but they are nearly twice as great for female adolescents as male adolescents.

False

Emerging adulthood is sandwiched between the stages of young adulthood and middle adulthood.

False

Fertility in both genders increases as early adulthood progresses.

False

Friendship reduces psychological adjustment in adolescents.

False

In early adolescence, most teenagers tend to be either in exploration or moratorium statuses.

False

Late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

False

Most suicides among adolescents and adults are linked to feelings of euphoria and mania.

False

People in college are often at the tentative choice stage of career development.

False

Sensory sharpness declines dramatically in early adulthood.

False

Testosterone typically brakes the male growth spurt some years before estrogen brakes that of females.

False

The moratorium stage of identity development characterizes commitment to specific ideals or career choices.

False

The personal fable is connected with behaviors such as being reserved and avoiding risks.

False

In which status do individuals make commitments without considering alternatives?

Foreclosure

Postconventional thought, when found, first occurs during adolescence, apparently because what form of thinking is a prerequisite for it?

Formal-operational

Which of the following statements is true of juvenile delinquency?

Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy.

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted disease?

Gonorrhea

In the context of Donald Super's theory of career development, which of the following is true of the realistic choice stage?

In this stage, people may direct their educational plans to ensure they obtain the knowledge and skills they need to enter their intended occupations.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fantasy stage of Donald Super's career development theory?

In this stage, people show little regard for the fit between their career choices and their abilities.

Which of the following is a characteristic of programs designed to prevent school dropouts?

Involvement of families or community organizations

Which of the following is true of premenstrual syndrome?

It may be linked to hormonal fluctuations.

Which of the following statements is true of estrogen?

It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.

Which of the following statements is true of gynecomastia?

It stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes.

Which of the following is a change that occurs toward the end of early adulthood?

Loss of skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed.

Which stage of Donald Super's theory of career development involves "settling" into and improving skills at a job?

Maintenance

Which of the following statements is true of intervention efforts to prevent school dropouts?

Most intervention efforts are usually not introduced until students are on the verge of dropping out.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about rape?

Most states in the United States permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives.

In the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?

Playing with toys such as blocks, Legos, and Erector sets

Shelley is 24 years old. Being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a "revolving door" existence?

Shelley keeps returning to her parents' home when she is unable to pay the rent for her apartment.

John does not particularly love his job. However, his major motive to go to work every day is the fact that he gets to meet his friends. He and his friends spend a lot of time together during the weekend and share the same interests. Which of the following is the primary intrinsic motive that inspires John to go to work?

Socialization

Who among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school?

Students from low-income households

Which of the following is an intrinsic motive for working?

Talent development

Which of the following triggers the development of acne?

Testosterone

Which of the following is true of women in their late 30s and early 40s?

There is a decline in the quality and quantity of their ova.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense?

Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy.

According to research, boys in the United States are more likely than girls to have reading problems.

True

Adolescent mothers are more likely to experience medical complications during the months of pregnancy and their labor is likely to be prolonged.

True

An acquaintance rape is less likely to be reported to the police than a stranger rape.

True

Boys are much more likely than girls to engage in delinquent behavior.

True

During adolescence, girls tend to have one or two close friends, whereas boys tend to congregate in larger, less intimate groups.

True

During the adolescent growth spurt, girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys.

True

Emerging adults typically feel that the world lies open before them.

True

Erik Erikson believed that there were gender differences in the development of identity.

True

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, associated with adolescence, is called identity versus role diffusion (also known as "identity versus role confusion").

True

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.

True

In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.

True

Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes.

True

Most American adolescents are healthy.

True

People in the retirement stage are in the last stage of career development.

True

Puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.

True

Students from low-income households and large urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school.

True

Teenagers have more conflicts with their mothers, yet they view their mothers as being more supportive and knowing them better.

True

Teens who initiate sexual activity earlier are less likely to use contraception.

True

The primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is male-female intercourse.

True

Toward the end of early adulthood, and almost certainly in middle adulthood, the skin begins to loosen, grow less elastic, and wrinkle, more so in women than in men.

True

Unexamined ethnic identity is similar to James Marcia's foreclosure status.

True

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them.

True

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

Underage drinking

In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do _______.

are more likely to use birth control.

Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to _________.

be more competent

Conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as _______.

curfews.

In Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop ______.

ego identity.

William Perry's theory that involves thought processes directed at considering how young adults arrive at their beliefs, facts, and ideas is known as ______.

epistemic cognition

Eric has just completed high school and is doing his internship. He is living at home and attends graduate school. He makes decent money but cannot afford his own apartment. He has a girlfriend but is not yet ready to commit to marriage. He feels that he has overcome adolescence but is not fully an adult yet. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Eric is _____.

experiencing the feature of feeling in-between

Ava is a young woman who is sexually attracted to other women. She has been aware of her sexual preference since her teenage years. In this scenario, Ava has a _____.

homosexual orientation

Olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. She is wearing a new dress that she recently bought from a boutique. She is quite self-conscious about how she's looking in the dress and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing her outfit. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

imaginary audience

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to .

mentally manipulate and rotate shapes or objects

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________.

moratorium

Unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are ______.

more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys.

Victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. He plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. In this scenario, Victor is _______.

more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

In comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are _______.

more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure.

Jared received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from his dad for his seventeenth birthday. As a result, he has become quite popular among his schoolmates. He often brags about his new car and takes his friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. He believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. He considers himself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

personal fable

Calcium intake is particularly important for females to ______.

prevent osteoporosis later in life.

The structures that make reproduction possible are referred to as ______.

primary sex characteristics.

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of ______.

rules and laws.

Ego identity is best described as a(n) ______.

sense of who one is and what one stands for.

For offenses such as _____, adolescents are likely to be accused of being involved in illegal matters, while adults are unlikely to be held guilty.

sexual promiscuity

Peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____.

speech patterns

Unlike boys, adolescent girls who make friends are less likely to stress the importance of _________ .

status

The work ethic is an intrinsic reason to work, which involves the view that ______.

we are morally obligated to avoid idleness