DFF Vertebrates lab

connective tissue

- Bind structures together, form a framework and support for organs and body as a whole o Store fat, transport substances, protect against disease, and help repair tissue damage - Characterized by an abundance of intercellular matrix with relatively few cells - Don't reproduce as fast as epithelial cells

epithelial tissue

- Form covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities, hollow organs, and are major tissue in glands - Tightly packed together with little intercellular matrix

ablility to roam, hunt and hide even in the cold of night, or the chill of winter

What are the evolutionary advantages of a 4-chambered heart?

- Gills, lungs (alveolar), skin

What organs or mechanisms of osmoregulation are present in each of the six vertebrate groups represented in the lab?

simple cuboidal epithelium

cells are square with a round nucleus near the center

functions of epithelial tissue

protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

stratified epithelium

several layers of cells with no distinct heights

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells. little cytoplasm around the nucleus

simple columnar epithelium

Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together

As animals get bigger they can move easier. Typically they have closed circulatory systems which have a lot more control over where blood is in the body due to its high pressure. Respiratory systems are also more complex as animals get lungs instead of gills and can do gas exchange a lot easier and faster.

Relate body size and level of activity to new innovations in the circulatory and respiratory systems of the organisms and to kinds and placement of the sensory organs.

complete digestive tracts seems to have a correlation with more movement, terrestrial habitat, and predation

Relate the specializations of the digestive tract of different vertebrates to their lifestyle (sedentary and parasitic versus active and predatory), habitat, and diet.

They can be predators More body support, more appendages All have complete digestion. Closed circulatory systems. More sensory organs

Compared to the invertebrate organisms examined last week, what additional anatomical and lifestyle changes coincided with the presence of an internal skeleton?

- As animals get bigger and more complex, they begin to get complete digestion and complex excretory tracts. The typical vertebrate digestive tract consists of a tube with two openings, one for food and one for waste. The excretory tract is seprate from the digestive tract and typically consists of kidneys for effective filtering and a bladder to exit out waste from a separate spot than where food comes in.

How does relative size of an organism relate to the size and complexity of its digestive tract and excretory system? Compare the "typical" vertebrate digestive tract and excretory organs to that of a small invertebrate such as a flatworm.