DHN 212 Exam 2
Heme
the iron-containing structure in the proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. Because meat contains hemoglobin and myoglobin, beef, fish, and poultry contain more heme iron than most plant foods. The remaining iron in meat, as well as all the iron in vegetables, grains, dietary supplements, and fortified or enriched foods, is nonheme iron. More heme iron than nonheme iron is absorbed in the intestinal tract. Absorption of heme iron ranges from 15 to 35%, whereas absorption of nonheme iron ranges from 2 to 20%. However, the small intestine absorbs only about 5% of the iron salts that have been added to grain products, because iron salts are not as bioavailable as heme iron he digestive system of healthy people absorbs only 5 to 8% of the iron that is in a typical diet. However, the intestinal tract can absorb more iron when the body's need for the trace mineral increases. For example, absorption of nonheme iron can be as high as 23% in women who are iron-deficient.
Low blood levels of vitamin D may lead to reduced reaction time, poor balance, and an increased risk of falling.
true
Osteoporosis related fractures
vertebrae, hip, wrist, or ankle bones.
Vegan
A _________ excludes all animal foods.
lactoovovegetarian
A _____________ excludes all animal foods except for milk and milk products and eggs.
Folic acid
A bowl of enriched cereal specifically contains _____________.
Measles
A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from _____________.
contains all of the essential amino acids in adequate amounts
A complete protein ________________.
osteomalacia
A deficiency of vitamin D in adults leads to _____________.
Pre-diabetes
A fasting blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL is considered __________.
After menopause
A female's risk for osteoporosis increases significantly ____________________.
False
A low level of salt in sweat is a sign of cystic fibrosis.
Elevated UUN levels
A person consuming more than 100 g of protein daily may experience____________.
Well water
A person who drinks __________ in certain parts of the United States may develop chronic selenosis.
is more likely to develop hypertension as a result of consuming a high-sodium diet
A person who is sodium sensitive ________________________________.
is practicing disordered eating
A person who skips meals and then eats excessive amounts of food at one time later in the evening __________.
3 to 4 hours
A pre-exercise meal should be consumed approximately _________ before training or an event.
1 Cup of pasta
According to the NIDDK, all of the following foods contain about 15 grams of carbohydrate except _____________:
72
According to the joint recommendations of an expert group that included the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, an endurance athlete who weighs 60 kg should consume at least _____ g of protein daily.
Sores on her knuckles
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior.
an eating disorder
Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing _____.
Liver
Cells (excluding ______ cells) can use acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate as sources of acetyl CoA.
Heterocyclic amines
Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of _____.
20 to 35
Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise _____% of his total energy intake each day. rev: 03_11_2016_QC_CS-45468
False
Children who are deficient in phosphorus experience symptoms of marasmus.
False
Chloride deficiency may result in hypertension.
False
Chloride is involved in the immune-fighting response of red blood cells.
True
Chromium deficiency can lead to impaired glucose tolerance.
False
Educational programs designed to prevent eating disorders should be aimed at youth between the ages of 18 to 20 years and focus on improving body image.
Proteins
Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made up of:
True
For each two carbon segments removed from a fatty acid via beta-oxidation, two reduced electron carriers are produced.
Cheese
Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?
Vitamin C and folate
Fruits are an excellent source of which of the following water-soluble vitamins?
sleeve gastrectomy
George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.
one in eight
Globally, ___________ people is not able to access enough food to meet his or her nutritional needs.
$1.25
Globally, more than a billion people live on the equivalent of less than _____ per day.
Is likely to have fertility problems
Gloria's BMI is 32.4; her waist circumference is 38 inches and her hip circumference is 37 inches. According to this information, she _________.
True
Glucogenic amino acids, through metabolic pathways, are broken down into pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle.
Esophageal cancer
Having excess body fat increases the risk of _____.
is more readily absorbed than nonheme iron
Heme iron ________________________________.
True
High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels are associated with chromium deficiency.
Leptin
Hormone released by the adipose tissue to inhibit hunger.
Ghrelin
Hormone released by the stomach that simulates eating
Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
All of these are correct
How do you recommend changing the sucrose content of the recipe?
She now spends most of her time indoors so lacks the sunlight exposure she received when working.
How has Josette's retirement most likely contributed to her low blood levels of vitamin D?
Proteins contain nitrogen.
How is protein different from lipids and carbohydrates?
82
If a person's RDA for protein is 65 g, they weigh approximately _____ kg.
Weekend immune system
If untreated, Brandy may experience which of the following health effects related to anorexia nervosa?
Difficulty walking and maintaining balance
In addition to extreme fatigue, headaches, and numbness in his fingers, Deon may also be experiencing which of the following symptoms because of his vitamin B-12 deficiency?
False
In general, cognitive behavioral therapy has not been shown to be helpful for treating patients with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder.
Potassium
In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of _________.
Hemoglobin
In red blood cells, hemoglobin enables oxygen uptake and transport.
Vitamin K; bleeding
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.
Maintain epithelial cells
In the body, vitamin A helps _____________.
Transporting substances
In the human body, water is involved in _________.
regulating body temperature
In the human body, water is involved in _________.
False
Initial weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet results from the burning of stored body fat.
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin shots or an insulin pump are essential for all individuals with ____________.
True
Intestinal bloating, nausea, and diarrhea due to consumption of simple carbohydrates following gastric bypass surgery is referred to as dumping syndrome.
True
Lipids are soluble in organic solvents such as acetone but insoluble in water. True or False.
Lead to skeletal fluorosis
Long-term consumption of high amounts of fluoride can _____.
True
Long-term vitamin E deficiency can result in nerve damage and blindness.
5
Losing as little as _____% of excess body fat can increase HDL cholesterol levels, reduce high blood pressure, and improve glucose tolerance.
Iodine
Lydia's diet lacks _____, which is classified as a trace mineral.
True
Phosphorus is necessary for the body to synthesize phospholipids and ATP.
Above
Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is _____ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
Are not sources of vitamin B-12
Plants ______________________________.
true
Plasma free fatty acids are derived from triglycerides in adipose cells.
Cellular metabolism
Potassium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.
the amino acids tryptophan and valine
Sulfur is a component of all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
Methionine and cysteine
Sulfur is a component of which two amino acids?
True
Sulfur is essential for the activity of several enzymes in the human body.
True
Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting.
420 to 700
Tatiana is a competitive athlete who weighs 70 kg. She would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain her weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, she should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.
Night eating syndrome
Ted is overweight. He frequently binges on high calorie foods, but he does not purge. Ted estimates that he eats 70% of his food between 10:00 p.m. and 3:00 a.m. Based on this information, Ted probably has
Height
The BMI measurement takes into account __________.
Trace
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral.
Thyroid
The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.
True
The ability to metabolize alcohol is dependent on the activity of the aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Increases
The amount of nonheme absorbed _______________ during pregnancy (a time of greater need for iron).
All of these are correct.
The bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins is affected by __________________.
Iodide
The body absorbs and uses _________ for synthesizing thyroid hormone.
Vitamin B-12
The body can store large amounts of _____.
Peptide bond
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a _____________.
Of a lack of intrinsic factor.
The daily vitamin B-12 pill did not correct Deon's vitamin B-12 deficiency. This is most likely because ______________.
Vitamin K
The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
True
The human body can withstand short-term fasting, because the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles can be used as a source of energy.
Form active blood clotting factors
The human body needs vitamin K to _____________.
Goiter
The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States.
Caffeine
The most common ingredient in energy drinks is ___________.
Type 2 Diabetes
The most common type of diabetes is ______________.
Coenzymes
The organic cofactors that help enzymes catalyze reactions are called __________.
eastern asia
The prevalence of undernutrition is greatest in which of the following areas?
false
The primary electrolytes in sports drinks are sodium and phosphorus.
True
The primary source of chloride in the typical American diet is table or sea salt.
ariboflavinosis
The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as _____.
menadione
The synthetic form of vitamin K is called ____________.
True
The term vitamin comes from vita (necessary for life), and amine (a type of nitrogen-containing substance).
ergocalciferol
The type of vitamin D found in broccoli is _______________.
reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract
The weight-loss medication orlistat (Xenical) ____________.
3500
There are approximately ______ kilocalories in one pound of fat tissue.
True
True or false. Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup.
True
True or false: Unlike people who have anorexia nervosa, people with bulimia nervosa are often difficult to identify by their appearance, because they tend to have BMIs in the normal or overweight range.
lactic acid
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to _________.
True
Use of calcium supplements has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Healthy weight
Use the BMI range chart to determine the BMI range of an adult who is 5-feet, 10-inches tall and weighs 160 pounds.
True
Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells.
Ileum
Vitamin B-12 is primarily absorbed in the ____________.
Phosphorus and calcium
Vitamin D helps the body absorb _____________.
False
Vitamins A, D, E, and K from plant sources are less soluble than vitamins A, D, E, and K from animal sources.
Vitamin E
Vitamins that are involved in bone health include all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
Vitamin K
Vitamins that are involved in bone health include all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
3/8 cup whole-wheat flour + 3/8 cup all-purpose flour for 3/4 cup all-purpose flour
What ingredient can you add or substitute to boost the recipe's soluble fiber content?
76 per 1000 live births
What is the under-5 mortality rate in Haiti?
Exercising daily.
What is/are (a) lifestyle choice(s) Jerry can make to reduce his risk for type 2 diabetes?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
What makes up a protein?
Albumin
What type of protein helps to maintain the proper distribution of fluids in the blood and body tissues?
Sports drinks
When participating in an event, endurance athletes often use which of the following foods or beverages to avoid sodium depletion?
Female athlete triad
Which condition is characterized by low energy intakes, abnormal menstrual cycles, and bone mineral irregularities?
Sucralose
Which nonnutritive sweetener is sold under the brand name Splenda®?
A and D
Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development?
10 ounces of red wine
Which of the following alcohol-containing beverages contains approximately the same amount of alcohol that is in two 12-ounce bottles of beer?
Alanine
Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?
Tryptophan
Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be the limiting amino acid in foods?
Eating only cooked pasta with grated cheese for several meals
Which of the following behaviors is a typical sign of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?
Bioelectrical impedance
Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?
All of these can help a person achieve portion control.
Which of the following can help a person achieve portion control?
Type 2 diabetes
Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Male Sex
Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
Chromium picolinate
Which of the following dietary supplements may slightly enhance weight loss?
Acetone is made from beta-hydroxybutyrate.
Which of the following does not describe acetone?
Urine should be a dark yellow color
Which of the following does not describe fluid needs at least 4 hours before exercise?
It contains the depressants theobromine and theophylline.
Which of the following does not describe guarana?
It is more common in males
Which of the following does not describe normal weight obesity?
Vitamins are inorganic molecules.
Which of the following does not describe vitamins?
Oxygen
Which of the following energy systems is most active during a 60-minute jog?
PCr-ATP
Which of the following energy systems is most active for a high jump?
ethnicity
Which of the following factors does not contribute to the dietary needs of an athlete?
Dairy
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?
Fortified dairy products
Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?
Canned tuna
Which of the following foods has the lowest phosphorus content per serving?
Broccoli
Which of the following foods is a good source of chromium?
Soy beans
Which of the following foods is a good source of iron?
White potato
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C?
Enriched breads
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?
Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?
Fatty fish and fish oils
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?
Soybean Oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Broccoli
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?
Beef steak
Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron?
Whole milk
Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin?
fruit juices
Which of the following foods is often recommended for an athlete who wants to replenish his or her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity?
Plain, low-fat yogurt
Which of the following foods is the best source of phosphorus per serving?
Liver
Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A?
Maintaining myelin sheaths
Which of the following functions of vitamin B-12 is not related to the functions of folate?
Alcoholic men
Which of the following groups of people has the highest risk of magnesium deficiency?
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion?
Cortisol
Which of the following hormones increases gluconeogenesis in the liver?
Having a small thin-boned body frame
Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?
Approximately 30-40% calories from fat
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a recommended pre-exercise meal?
Use of laxatives
Which of the following is not a component of the female athlete triad?
Reduced risk of anemia.
Which of the following is not a health benefit of following a vegetarian diet?
Collagen synthesis
Which of the following is not a key function of sodium?
Transmission of nerve impulses.
Which of the following is not a key function of vitamin C?
underpopulation
Which of the following is not a major contributing factor to undernutrition?
Being male
Which of the following is not a risk factor for an eating disorder?
Physical activity
Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?
Increased energy production.
Which of the following is not an effect of consuming caffeine?
Shoulder
Which of the following is not one of the common sites of osteoporosis-related fractures?
Orthorexia
Which of the following is not one of the three main types of eating disorders physicians diagnose per DSM-5 guidelines?
Tuna, canned in oil, drained, 4 oz
Which of the following is the best dietary source of vitamin D?
Fish
Which of the following is the best source of heme iron?
Special K® cereal, 1 cup
Which of the following is the best source of vitamin B-12 for a vegan diet?
All of these are correct. (Poor wound healing, blurred vision, frequent urination.)
Which of the following is/are (a) major sign(s) and/or symptom(s) of hyperglycemia?
Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Which of the following measures is most often used to assess an individual's vitamin D status?
Waistline measurements
Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?
Calcium and phosphorus
Which of the following minerals are most important for bone density?
Calcium
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?
Lithium
Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role, but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?
Potassium
Which of the following nutrients is a not a trace mineral?
Copper
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?
Zinc
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?
A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight
Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?
Drinking alcoholic beverages
Which of the following practices is associated with an increased risk of cancer?
All of these are recommended sources of fat for athletes.
Which of the following sources of fat would be considered ideal for optimal athletic performance?
Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
People with NES believe they can only fall asleep by having a full stomach.
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer.
Which of the following statements is false?
As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.
Which of the following statements is true?
Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism
Which of the following statements is true?
Consuming excess sports drinks or water during exercise can contribute to water intoxication.
Which of the following statements is true?
Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.
Which of the following statements is true?
Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
Which of the following statements is true?
There are no known long-term health effects of mild ketosis.
Which of the following statements is true?
Cholesterol, triglycerides.
Which of the following substances are types of lipids?
E
Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?
Tomato sauce, canned, 1 cup
Which of the following supplies the most sodium?
Bone pain
Which of the following symptoms is not associated with hypokalemia?
PCr-ATP and lactic acid
Which of the following systems operate under anaerobic conditions?
Pantothenic acid
Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?
Carrots
Which of these foods is not a good source of vitamin E?
False
You can calculate a person's BMI by taking his or her weight in pounds, dividing this number by his or her height (inches squared), and then, multiplying by 400.
Do not take a supplement, because there is no conclusive evidence that selenium supplementation reduces the risk of cancer.
Your friend is considering a selenium supplement to prevent cancer. What is your recommendation?
Edema
____ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues.
Vitamins K, D, and A
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.
Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
_____ are water-soluble vitamins.
Visceral
_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.
Hemoglobin
_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Retinol
_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.
Iron
_____ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.
Bulimia nervosa
________ is an eating disorder that features recurrent episodes of overeating followed by purging behaviors.
Anorexia nervosa
__________ is an eating disorder characterized by a severe psychological disturbance and self-imposed starvation.
Beta-oxidation
____________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria.
Osteomalacia
____________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.
A weakened immune system
____________ is not one of the major signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
Myoglobin
________________ helps oxygen enter muscle cells.
People with hypertension are at an increased risk of
heart disease, kidney failure, and stroke
The major source of chloride in the American diet is
table salt
Selenium
-is widespread in Earth's crust, but soils can vary widely in their content of the trace mineral. Certain types of plants that grow in high-soil selenium places accumulate toxic levels of the mineral. Livestock that graze on the selenium-rich plants often ingest poisonous amounts of selenium. -functions as a component of several enzymes referred to as selenoproteins. Glutathione peroxidase is a family of selenoproteins that have antioxidant function. Selenium is also important for normal functioning of thyroid hormone, immune function, reproduction and DNA synthesis. -the results of most scientific studies do not support the use of selenium supplementation. -supplements can contribute to selenosis, a selenium toxicity. Chronic selenosis can also occur from drinking well water that contains high levels of selenium. In humans, signs and symptoms of chronic selenosis include brittle fingernails, loss of hair and nails, garlicky body odor, vomiting, and fatigue.
250
.An equal serving of stevia is about ______ times sweeter than sucrose.
400 IU vitamin D
10 µg vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is equivalent to ________________.
75 mg/day vitamin C
A 25-year-old nonsmoking female should consume ______________.
Antioxidant
A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(n) _____.
Trace mineral
A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?
Antioxidant
A team of chemists have isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered a (n) _____.
a reduction in available oxaloacetate molecules
A very-low-carbohydrate diet will result in _________________________.
one-half
About ________ of adults in the United States report they have tried to lose weight or maintain their weight within the past year.
creatine
According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may improve the performance of sprinters and weight lifters?
body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter
According to the "set point theory," a person's _________.
Iron
According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant females?
Potassium
According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern?
150-250
According to the American College of Sports Medicine, adults should perform ____________ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity to prevent weight gain.
Bulimia Nervosa
Allison is an 18-year-old college student who feels caught in a cycle of overeating, followed by calorie-restrictive dieting. Allison frequently consumes large amounts of food and then attempts to purge the excess calories by vomiting. As a result of the purging and episodic dieting, Allison's weight is within the healthy BMI range for her height. Based on this information, Allison probably has
Nutrigenetics
Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height; Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of _____________.
false
An athlete's diet is the most crucial factor affecting his or her performance.
Night blindness
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _____________.
True
An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.
Anorexia nervosa
Andrea, a 22-year old college student, has been rushed to the hospital after collapsing at the gym. After performing some clinical tests, the doctor determines Andrea's BMI is 16.8; she is dehydrated; and she has very low bone mineral density. Based on this information, Andrea probably has ____.
Fighting disease organisms
Antibodies are proteins that function by:
Hypertension
Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension. Compared to people with normal blood pressure, hypertensive individuals have greater risk of CVD, especially heart disease and stroke, as well as kidney failure and damage to other organs. Hypertension is often called the "silent killer," because high blood pressure generally does not cause symptoms until the affected person's organs and blood vessels have been damaged.
30%
Approximately ____ of adult Americans have hypertension.
2.4 µg
As a 30-year-old male, Deon should be consuming _______ of vitamin B-12 daily.
20 µg
As a 70-year-old female, Josette's should be consuming _______ of vitamin D daily.
Cysteine
As a result of an inherited metabolic defect, Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to _____.
Cystine
As a result of an inherited metabolic defect, Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to _____.
Garlic body odor, fatigue, and bitter nails
As a result of consuming excess selenium, Carlos is likely experiencing ________________________.
False
BMI is most accurate when assessing the health of highly muscular individuals, such as certain professional athletes.
False
Benign tumors are more harmful than the malignant ones.
25
Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was _____% of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
True
Both alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol are found in food sources.
True
Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa lead to electrolyte imbalances.
Meet with Brandy at a busy coffeehouse
Brandy's best friend is looking for advice on how to talk with Brandy about her eating disorder. Which of the following is not an effective way to approach Brandy to discuss her food-related behaviors?
All of the above
Brandy's therapist recommends cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help manage her eating disorder. Which of the following describes CBT?
20
By _____ years of age, healthy men and women have reached peak bone mass.
cardiovascular disease
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of _________.
enhances muscle skeletal contraction
Caffeine _________.
Kidneys
Calcidiol is converted into calcitriol in the ___________.
Fluid balance
Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.
26
Calculate the BMI of a person who is 6-feet, 2-inches tall and weighs 200 pounds.
Selenium
Cameron takes megadoses of a single mineral supplement. Lately, he's noticed that his fingernails break easily, his hair is falling out, and he's more tired than usual. His friends have told him that he smells like garlic. Based on this information, Cameron has consumed too much _____.
true
Carbohydrate loading involves manipulating dietary and physical activity patterns three to seven days before an athletic event to increase muscle glycogen stores.
43 g more added sugar and 46 g more total sugars than the raw strawberries
Compare the added sugar and total sugar content of strawberries, raw (1 cup, sliced) and strawberries, frozen, with sugar (1 cup, thawed). The frozen strawberries with sugar contain _______________________.
Gains weight more easily
Compared to other people, a person who has a "thrifty metabolism" _________.
More potassium
Compared to the typical American diet, vegetarian diets provide ______________.
True
Consuming excessive amounts of protein can lead to increased accumulation of body fat.
True
Consuming high amounts of vitamins E and K in foods has not been associated with any negative effect on health.
Fiber
Consuming which of the following types of carbohydrates may protect against type 2 diabetes?
Colorado
Crops grown in which state most likely have a high concentration of selenium based on soil selenium levels?
True
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited respiratory disease that interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Less beef
Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating _____.
add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil
Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should _________.
Selenium
Derek's diet contains high amounts of _____, which is classified as a trace mineral.
Frequently making himself vomit after eating
During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew _____.
true
During exercise lasting less than 60 minutes, athletes should consume 3 to 7 ounces of water every 15 minutes.
64 to 96 ounces of fluid
During the course of a long training run, Kylie determined she had lost 4 lbs of body weight. How much fluid should she drink following her training run to rehydrate?
Females between 13-20 years of age
Eating disorders are most likely to occur in which of the following groups of people?
Drinking fluoridated water
Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay. Recently, she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs. Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall, she did not break any bones. Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?
Includes regular physical activity
Erin is following a safe and medically sound weigh-loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program _________.
determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease.
Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to _________.
To keep warm and hide her thin appearance
Even in the summer months, Brandy is likely wearing baggy clothes _________________________________.
Whole milk
Examine the strawberry cobbler recipe. What ingredients can be modified to make the recipe lower in total fat?
Physical activity, digestion, and metabolism
Factors of energy output include:
during exercise lasting more than a few minutes
Fat is used as an energy source for muscles ___________________________.
Gymnastics
Females involved in competitive sports, especially _____, are at risk of the female athlete triad.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Following consumption of a hamburger, the vitamin B-12 in the hamburger enters the stomach. Once in the stomach, ______________ separates vitamin B-12 from the animal protein in the burger.
Positive
Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.
Avoid drinking alcohol
Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should _____.
osteomalacia
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _____________.
70%
Jared is an average, healthy 23 year old. Based on this information, _____ of his body's total energy use is for basal metabolism.
3/4 Cup oatmeal topped with almonds and fresh strawberries.
Jerry is interested in learning more about breakfast options that contain carbohydrates. Which of the following is an example of a nutrient-dense, carbohydrate-rich breakfast?
energy balance
John consumes 2600 kcal of foods and beverages and expends a total of 2600 kcal each day. His body is in a state of ____________.
Muscle Weakness
Josette is likely experiencing osteomalacia. In addition to curvature of the spine, what other symptom(s) may she be experiencing?
is often effective in weight loss and maintaining weight loss
Keeping a food record _______________________________.
ketogenesis
Ketone body formation is called ___________.
Vitamin C
Kevin is a bodybuilder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?
low UUN and high BUN levels
Kidney problems may result in______________.
Female athlete triad
Kristy is a high school student and competitive swimmer. Six months ago, Kristy decreased her energy input and increased her daily training time. Now, Kristy is concerned because her menstrual cycles are abnormal. Based on this information, Kristy probably has
Banana, greek yogurt, sports drink
Kylie plans on waking up at 5:30 am to eat a small meal before her race, which starts at 8 am. Which of the following meals do you recommend?
354 to 590 grams of carbohydrate
Kylie would like to know approximately how much carbohydrate she should be consuming daily to enhance her muscle glycogen levels and help provide a sustained source of energy for the endurance activity. Kylie weighs 130 pounds.
Essential Fatty Acid
Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. Which of the following substances should be added to her formula to treat her nutritional deficiency?
Formation of red blood cells
Magnesium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.
Potassium and phosphate
Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.
anabolic steroids
Many sports organizations have banned the use of _____ by athletes.
150
Marcus is a healthy 55-year-old man. According to recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, he should perform _____ minutes of moderately-intense physical activity each week.
Air displacement
Matt is having his body fat assessed by ____, a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.
Catabolic
Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as __________.
are female
Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa _____.
False
Most vitamins are more bioavailable from synthetic sources than from natural food sources.
Myoglobin
Myoglobin in muscle cells helps oxygen enter the cells.
True
Negative energy balance is achieved when obese individuals become more physically active and restrict their food intake.
Are used as alternatives for table sugar in some products
Nonnutritive sweeteners __________________________________.
Includes a healthy breakfast
One characteristic of a safe and effective weight-loss method is that it _____________________.
serving as a component of the body's antioxidant defenses
One of selenium's most important roles is _________
True
People with BED often suffer from psychological illnesses such as depression.
False
People with bulimia nervosa are usually able to control their eating behavior.
Increase the likelihood of mold growing on the baked good
Reducing the amount of sugar in a baked good recipe will __________________.
True
Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin A.
being female
Risk factors for eating disorders include _____.
having a history of frequent attempts to lose weight
Risk factors for eating disorders include _____.
B-6
Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine. His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.
True
Sandra has BED and does not use any compensatory mechanisms to purge calories, therefore she is likely to develop diabetes and hypertension.
Vanadium
Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.
False
Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner.
All of these are correct.
Side effects of caffeine consumption include ______________.
constipation and fatigue.
Sign and symptoms of ketosis
place the measuring tape at the top of the iliac crest
To assess the effects of his weight loss efforts, Tony plans on taking weekly home measurements of his waist circumference. To measure waist circumference, Tony should ________________________.
100 grams
To avoid ketosis, the average person needs to consume ______ of digestible carbohydrates daily.
Soft drinks
To gain weight, underweight adults should increase their consumption of all of the following foods EXCEPT ____________.
All of these are associated with overweight and obesity.
Tony has a BMI of 33. If he does not lose weight, which of the following health conditions are associated with obesity?
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
Tony is interested in having his body composition measured. Which of the following techniques is his best choice if he wants a technique that is quick, easy, and inexpensive?
Overweight
Tony's body fat percentage was found to be 24%. This places Tony in the ___________ category based on percentage of body fat.
True
Treatment of eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach involving psychologists, registered dietitians, and sometimes prescribing FDA-approved medications.
True
True or False: Every cell contains proteins
false
True or false. Carbohydrate loading helps delay fatigue in athletes participating in events lasting 30 to 60 minutes.
Osteoporosis
chronic condition characterized by low bone mass and reduced bone structure. have osteopenia, weak bones that are susceptible to fractures. as 10 million Americans who are 50 years of age or older have osteoporosis, and another 34 million at risk of the disease because they have low bone mass. Most people with osteoporosis are older women.
BMI
kg/m^2
Sodium
plays a major role in maintaining normal fluid balance. The mineral is also necessary for the transmitting of impulses by nerves, normal functioning of muscles, and transporting small substances such as glucose and amino acids into cells. The adult UL for sodium is 2300 mg/day. Americans on average consumed more than 3450 mg of sodium per day in 2011-2012. A high-sodium diet is associated with increased risk of hypertension, a condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure. In some cases, a high-sodium diet can be a cause of hypertension. A person who is sodium sensitive is more likely to develop hypertension as a result of consuming a high-sodium diet than an individual who lacks this sensitivity.
