diabetes

A conscious client exhibiting signs of hypoglycemia should be treated with:

15-20g of fast acting carbs such as OJ.

which medication classification helps prevent nephropathy from occuring

ACE inhibitors

The initial educational treatment for type 2 diabetes is...

Education on diet and weight loss

Which statement indicates that a client with diabetes mellitus understands proper foot care?

I'll wear cotton socks with well-fitting shoes.

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which finding suggests that the client has developed hyperglycemia?

Increased urine output

After being sick for 3 days, a client with a history of diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should evaluate which diagnostic test results to prevent dysrhythmias?

Serum potassium level

A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving an oral antidiabetic agent. When caring for this client, the nurse should observe for signs of:

hypoglycemia

A client with a history of type 1 diabetes is demonstrating fast, deep, labored breathing and has fruity odored breath. What could be the cause of the client's current serious condition?

ketoacidosis

The practitioner knows the client on actos must have this lab tested routinely:

liver function pannel

What is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?

1-3 hours

The nurse should instruct the client to administer 1 unit of insulin for every:

15g of carbs

Glucose in the urine indicates that the blood glucose is greater than:

160mg/dl

A diabetes nurse educator is teaching a group of clients with type 1 diabetes about "sick day rules." What guideline applies to periods of illness in a diabetic client?

Do not eliminate insulin when nauseated and vomiting

A client has been living with type 2 diabetes for several years, and the nurse realizes that the client is likely to have minimal contact with the health care system. In order to ensure that the client maintains adequate blood sugar control over the long term, what should the nurse recommend?

Participation in a support group for persons with diabetes

A client with status asthmaticus requires endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Twenty-four hours after intubation, the client is started on the insulin infusion protocol. The nurse must monitor the client's blood glucose levels hourly and watch for which early signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia?

Sweating, tremors, and tachycardia

A client tells the nurse that she has been working hard for the past 3 months to control her type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise. To determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check:

glycosylated hemoglobin level

The lab test that is the most accurate indicator of glucose is:

glycosylated hemoglobin level

Clinical manifestations of DKA include

hypokalemia kussmal respirations abdominal pain

how does exercise help in the management of diabetes

increase uptake of glucose improves insulin utilization

Which statement by a client evaluated for possible type 2 DM indicated a need for a follow up:

no matter how much i drink i am still thirsty

Symptoms that are shared in both DKA and HHNS include:

3 p's orthostatic hypotension blurred vision

what is the carb goal per meal in the practice of carb counting

45-60g

A diabetic nurse is working for the summer at a camp for adolescents with diabetes. When providing information on the prevention and management of hypoglycemia, what action should the nurse promote?

Always carry a form of fast-acting sugar

Which clinical characteristic is associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)?

Blood glucose can be controlled through diet and exercise

A student with diabetes tells the school nurse that he is feeling nervous and hungry. The nurse assesses the child and finds he has tachycardia and is diaphoretic with a blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L). What should the school nurse administer?

Half of a cup of juice, followed by cheese and crackers

A nurse explains to a client that she will administer his first insulin dose in his abdomen. How does absorption at the abdominal site compare with absorption at other sites?

Insulin is absorbed more rapidly at abdominal injection sites than at other sites

The nurse is describing the action of insulin in the body to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse explain as being the primary action?

It enhances the transport of glucose across the cell membrane

A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response?

Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy

Lispro (Humalog) is an example of which type of insulin?

Rapid-acting

The nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin and about mixing regular and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. Which information is important to include in the teaching plan?

When mixing insulin, the regular insulin is drawn up into the syringe first

A 16-year-old client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has a very low body weight despite eating regular meals. The client is upset because friends frequently state, "You look anorexic." Which statement by the nurse would be the best response to help this client understand the cause of weight loss due to this condition?

Your body is using protein and fat for energy instead of glucose

This medication class should be held for 48 hours after a cardiac cath

biguanide

when a diabetic patient becomes sick, the patient should do what to prevent complications?

check blood sugar every 3-4hours increase fluid intake check urine for ketones every 4 hours

After the AM dose of insulin, the client became lightheaded and diaphoretic. The nurse suspects:

hypoglycemia

A client taking Humalog insulin should be advised by the nurse to eat:

within 10-15 minutes after the injection

Type 2 diabetes is compromised by what

Inadequate insulin production insulin resistance slow progressive glucose intolerance

The nurse is explaining glycosylated hemoglobin testing to a diabetic client. Which of the following provides the best reason for this order?

Reflects the amount of glucose stored in hemoglobin over past several months

Which instruction should a nurse give to a client with diabetes mellitus when teaching about "sick day rules"?

Test your blood glucose every 4 hours

Management of DKA consists of:

dehydration reversing acidosis restoring electrolytes

Type 1 diabetes is due to:

destruction of the beta cells

which adverse effects should a nurse check for when giving IV insulin to a client with DKA

hypokalemia and hypoglycemia

When drawing up 8 units of humulin R and 20 units of NPH in the same syringe the nurse should:

inject air in the vial with the long acting insulin first

In discussing the result of a HgbA1c with a client, the nurse is most accurate in stating:

it tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months.

a nurse suspects to find which signs and symptoms in a client experiencing hypoglycemia:

nervousness, diaphoresis, and confusion

which medication may cause a complication with the treatment plan of a client with diabetes?

steroids