Diabetes

A student with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse which hormone causes the blood glucose level to rise. Which hormone would the nurse report? Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Glucagon

The nurse is caring for a client who reports sweating, tachycardia, and tremors. The laboratory report of the client reveals serum cortisol less than normal and a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL. Which medication would be administered to this client? Glucagon Kayexalate Hydrocortisone Insulin with dextrose in normal saline

Glucagon

Why is 15 g of a simple sugar administered when a client with diabetes experiences hypoglycemia? Inhibits glycogenesis Stimulates release of insulin Increases blood glucose levels Provides more storage of glucose

Increases blood glucose levels

The nurse is discussing insulin needs with an adolescent with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Which information is important for the nurse to include concerning insulin administration? Insulin will be required throughout life. Insulin may be taken orally until adulthood. Insulin needs increase with strenuous exercise. Insulin needs decrease in the presence of an infection.

Insulin will be required throughout life.

Which unique response is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) that is not exhibited with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)? Fluid loss Glycosuria Kussmaul respirations Increased blood glucose level

Kussmaul respirations

Which advice will the nurse give the client to avoid lipodystrophy when self-administering insulin therapy? Exercise regularly. Rotate injection sites. Use the Z-track technique. Vigorously massage the injection site.

Rotate injection sites

A client who is on metformin therapy is scheduled to undergo renal computed tomography (CT) with contrast dye. Which instruction from the primary health care provider would the nurse anticipate reinforcing with the client? "Discontinue metformin 1 day before the procedure." "Discontinue metformin 1 week before the procedure." "Discontinue metformin 3 days after the procedure." "Discontinue metformin 7 days after the procedure."

"Discontinue metformin 1 day before the procedure."

A client with type 2 diabetes takes one glyburide tablet daily. The client asks whether an extra tablet should be taken before exercise. Which response will the nurse provide? "You will need to decrease how much you are exercising." "An extra pill will help your body use glucose when exercising." "The amount of medication you need to take is not related to exercising." "Do not take an extra pill because you may become hypoglycemic when exercising."

"Do not take an extra pill because you may become hypoglycemic when exercising."

A child is prescribed insulin glargine before breakfast. Which instruction is most appropriate for the nurse to give the parents regarding a bedtime snack? "Offer a snack to prevent hypoglycemia during the night." "Give the child a snack if signs of hyperglycemia are present." "Avoid a snack because the child is being treated with long-acting insulin." "Keep a snack at the bedside in case the child gets hungry during the night."

"Offer a snack to prevent hypoglycemia during the night."

A client with diabetes asks the nurse whether the new forearm stick glucose monitor gives the same results as a finger stick. Which is an appropriate response to this question? "There is no difference between readings." "These types of monitors are meant for children." "Readings are on a different scale for each monitor." "Faster readings can be obtained from a finger stick."

"There is no difference between readings."

The nurse teaches the parents of a 5-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes about blood glucose monitoring at home. Which statement by the parents indicates that the teaching has been effective? "Our child is old enough to do his own blood testing." "Our child will need only two tests a day as he gets older." "We'll notify the clinic if the blood sugar is higher than 200 (11.1 mmol/L)." "We'll discard the first blood sample in case it's contaminated."

"We'll notify the clinic if the blood sugar is higher than 200 (11.1 mmol/L)."

A child with type 1 diabetes is exhibiting deep, rapid respirations; flushed, dry cheeks; abdominal pain with nausea; and increased thirst. Which blood pH and glucose level would the nurse expect the laboratory tests to reveal? 7.20 and 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) 7.50 and 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) 7.50 and 460 mg/dL (25.5 mmol/L) 7.20 and 460 mg/dL (25.5 mmol/L)

7.50 and 460 mg/dL (25.5 mmol/L)

The primary health care provider prescribes daily fasting blood glucose levels for a client with diabetes mellitus. Which is the goal of fasting glucose levels for a client with diabetes mellitus? 40 to 65 mg/dL (2.2-3.6 mmol/L) of blood 70 to 105 mg/dL (3.9-5.8 mmol/L) of blood 110 to 145 mg/dL (6.1-8.0 mmol/L) of blood 150 to 175 mg/dL (8.3-9.7 mmol/L) of blood

70 to 105 mg/dL (3.9-5.8 mmol/L) of blood

Several hours after administering insulin, the nurse assesses the client's response to the insulin. Which client responses are indicative of a hypoglycemic reaction? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Tremors Anorexia Confusion Glycosuria Diaphoresis

Tremors Conusion Diaphoresis

Which nursing intervention is appropriate when a client is first admitted with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)? Providing oxygen Encouraging carbohydrates Administering fluid replacement Teaching facts about dietary principles

Administering fluid replacement

A client with type 1 diabetes receives Humulin R insulin in the morning. Shortly before lunch the nurse identifies that the client is diaphoretic and trembling. Which intervention is appropriate? Administer insulin to the client. Give the client lunch immediately. Encourage the client to drink fluids. Assess the client's blood glucose level.

Assess the client's blood glucose level.

The nurse is teaching a school-age child how to use an insulin pump. Which instruction by the nurse is most important for the child to understand? The needle must be changed every day. A blood glucose check is necessary once a day. The pump is an attempt to mimic the way a healthy pancreas works. Subcutaneous pockets near the abdomen are used to implant the pump.

The pump is an attempt to mimic the way a healthy pancreas works.

The nurse teaches a client with type 1 diabetes how to best treat hypoglycemia. If the teaching is effective, which foods would the client identify to manage hypoglycemia? Hard candy and fruit juice Cheese sandwich and sugar Chocolate candy and an orange Peanut butter crackers and a glass of milk

Cheese sandwich and sugar

Which clinical findings support the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? Nervousness and tachycardia Erythema toxicum rash and pruritus Diaphoresis and altered mental state Deep respirations and fruity odor to the breath

Deep respirations and fruity odor to the breath

Which mechanism of action explains how glyburide decreases serum glucose levels? Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin Accelerates the liver's release of stored glycogen Increases glucose transport across the cell membrane Decreases absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal system

Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin

When teaching a client with diabetes about monitoring for episodes of hypoglycemia, which symptom would the nurse include in the teaching plan? Thirst Nausea Anorexia Sweating

Sweating

Which education would the nurse provide the parents of a child with type 1 diabetes who ask why they should test the child's urine for ketones during periods of stress or illness, even though blood glucose testing is being done four times a day? Urine should be tested for ketones during illness and when the blood glucose level is increased. Blood glucose testing before meals and at bedtime may be stopped once the child is stabilized on insulin. Urine testing remains the most accurate way to check for a high glucose level if double-voided specimens are used. The short-term glucose level is more accurately reflected in a urine specimen than in a blood specimen, especially in children.

Urine should be tested for ketones during illness and when the blood glucose level is increased.

A client with hypoglycemia is admitted to the hospital. Which duties can the registered nurse (RN) safely delegate to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Intravenous fluid intervention Administering oral medications Monitoring the fluctuating vitals Analyzing the case history of the client Administering intramuscular medication

Administering oral medications Administering intramuscular medication

Which nursing intervention is appropriate to include in the plan of care for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? Intravenous administration of regular insulin Administer insulin glargine subcutaneously at hour of sleep Maintain nothing prescribed orally (NPO) status Intravenous administration of 10% dextrose

Intravenous administration of regular insulin

When teaching a client with type 2 diabetes, which statement by the nurse reflects accurate information about preparing for a serum glucose test? "Eat your usual breakfast." "Have clear liquids for breakfast." "Take your medication before the test." "Do not ingest anything before the test.

Do not ingest anything before the test