DIET EXAM 2

saturated

A fatty acid is ___ if it contains no carbon-carbon double bonds.

polyunsaturated

A fatty acid is ___ if it contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

monounsaturated

A fatty acid is ___ if it has only one carbon-carbon double bond.

egg white

A high-quality protein used as a standard for measuring the quality of other proteins is ___.

iron, calcium, & vitamin B-12

A vegan diet may be low in ___.

vasodilation

Alcohol can cause ___ & flushing of the skin.

cognitive

Alcohol can cause ___ deficits: difficulty with memory, learning, & problem solving.

cancer

Alcohol can cause ____ of the oral cavity, throat, larynx, & esophagus.

blood pressure

Alcohol increases ____, causes heart muscle damage, & can result in heart failure.

simple diffusion

Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by ___.

omega-3 fatty acid metabolism

Eicosapentaenoic acid is associated with ___.

plants

Ergosterol is a type of sterol found in ____.

mouth

Fat digestion begins in the ____.

hydrogen

Fatty acids are classified based on their degree of saturation of ____ to be bound to the carbons in the fatty acid chain.

saturated fatty acids

Lard, butter, & cream are rich sources of ____.

the liver

Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ____.

1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. small intestine 4. portal vein

Starting at the site of bile production, list the route of bile acids as they circulate through the body during fat digestion/absorption.

trans

The ___ form of unsaturated fatty acids occurs when hydrogens on both carbons forming the double bond lie on opposite sides of that bond.

animal products

The chief contributors of saturated fatty acids in the U.S. include____.

edema & growth failure

The major symptoms of kwashiorkor in children are ___.

a glycerol backbone attached to 3 fatty acids

Triglycerides consist of what?

triglycerides

What is the most common lipids that are found in food & in the body?

70% (65% moderately & 5% excessively)

What percent of North American adults consume alcohol?

indigestible carbohydrates

What type of carb enhances glucose control, promotes bowel health, & reduces cholesterol absorption & the risk of obesity?

digestible carbohydrates

What type of carbs prevent ketosis, provide energy, & spare protein?

denatures

When food proteins reach the stomach, HCl ____ the protein.

cis

When hydrogens on an unsaturated fatty acid lie on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond, a ___ formation exists.

are usually deficient in one or more essential amino acids

When plants proteins are compared to animal proteins, they ____.

fiber - it increases satiety without yielding energy

Which dietary fiber helps promote weight control?

soluble fiber - it slows down glucose absorption

Which dietary fiber improves diabetes management?

insoluble fiber - it increases stool bulk & increases regularity

Which dietary fiber promotes colon health?

soluble fiber - it reduces cholesterol

Which dietary fiber reduces cardiovascular disease risk?

they raise blood cholesterol & lower HDL cholesterol

Which is correct regarding trans fatty acids?

over 160 mg/dl

Which of the following blood levels of LDL cholesterol would increase risk for cardiovascular disease for an otherwise healthy adult?

soybean oil

Which of the following fats & oils provides the most polyunsaturated fatty acids?

total blood cholesterol level greater than 200 mg/dl

Which of the following is a risk factor for heart disease?