differential reinforcement

What happens to the before, after, and behavior conditions in a contingency diagram for DRA?

Before and after are the same just substitute appropriate behavior for inappropriate

Who was the leading proponent in the nondirective view of pyschotherapy and what did they say about therapy?

Carl Rogers was the leader and they thought therapists shouldn't be in active in the changes that come about in sessions, but that they should provide sympathy and a permissive ear.

Who was the doctor who tested Rogers theory and what were the results?

Dr. Traux and the results were that differential reinforcement determined the results of the therapy sessions even thought Rogers did not intend to use this. He also found that basic principles of behavior also apply.

What is a task analysis?

analysis of complex behavior or a sequence of behaviors into component responses.

Compare reinforcement with differential.

both involve a reinforcement contingency that produces high frequency of a response class

What is another way to classify a response besides dimensions? With examples

classify by function which is the effect it has on the environment. depressing a lever, getting a laugh, totaling a car, and ringing a doorbell all have the same function of ringing a bell

Why is the control group important?

comparison between control and experimental shows if the intervention was crucial to the results obtained. it also helps make the scientific method the most reliable way of finding out about the world

What is a group research design?

conducted with at least two groups of subjects, data is presented in terms of the average, and performance of all subjects combined for each group

So how do function and effect differ?

effect is the way the environment effects behavior and function is the way the behavior effects environment

What is a single subject research design?

entire experimented conducted with a single subject but may be replicated with other subjects

What is the control group?

group that receives no special intervention and is not exposed to crucial value of the independent variable

What is an experimental group?

group that recieves the special intervention and is exposed to the crucial value of the independent variable

What does differential reinforcement always imply and why?

implies differential extinction because if your differentially reinforcing one set of responses you must be extingushing the other

Contrast simple reinforcement with differential.

only concerned with increasing one set of responses when using reinforcement and concerned with increasing one set of responses and decreasing another set.

What is response dimensions and two examples?

physical properties of a response. force and pitch

What is the Differential Reinforcement Procedure(DRP)?

reinforcing one set of responses and not reinforcing another set of responses

What is response topography with examples?

sequence or path of movement, form, or location of component responses relative to the rest of the body. the movement of a stroke used in swimming differs from that of a dance move

What is a response class?

set of responses that either are similar in atleast one dimension, serve the same function, or share effects of reinforcement and punishment

What is the General Rule: Process vs. Product?

sometimes you need to make the reinforcers or feedback contingent on the component responses instead of the outcome

Define Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA).

stopping reinforcement for an inappropriate behavior and shifting the reinforcement to an appropriate behavior

What do they mean by effects in terms of a response class?

the effects of the reinforcer or aversive condition on the set of responses

What is the main focus of a task analysis?

the main focus is the process of the responses not the final product

What is response differentiation?

the reinforced set of responses will occurs more frequently than that of the unreinforced set

What is response latency?

the time between when a signal/opportunity for a response is present to the time a response begins

What is response duration?

the time from the beginning to the end of a response

What do they mean by function in terms of a response class?

the way the behavior effects the environment

Why did pyschotherapists think this was true?

they thought this would help the client understand the problems there dealing with and then heal themselves

What are the two uses for DRA?

to get rid of inappropriate behavior reinforced by presenting a reinforcer or get rid of behavior that is reinforced by escape from an aversive condition