digestive system
02) The salivary gland produces ________ liters of saliva each day.A) 1.0B) 1.3C) 1.7D) 2.0E) 2.3
1.7
103) Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive systemeach day.A) 7B) 10C) 2D) 1E) 5
10
64) The human liver is composed of ________ primary lobe(s).A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4E) 5
4 primary lobes right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe, quadrate lobe
136) Inhibition of parietal cells would result inA) A higher pH in the stomach.B) Increased protein digestion in the stomach.C) A lower pH in the stomach.D) Decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.E) Decreased gastrin production.
A) A higher pH in the stomach.
71) The Kupffer cells of the liverA) Are phagocytic.B) Store glycogen.C) Form urea.D) Secrete bile.E) all of the above
A) Are phagocytic.
130) In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, theA) Blood levels of secretin rise.B) Blood levels of gastrin rise.C) Blood levels of enterocrine fall.D) Blood levels of cholecystokinin fal
A) Blood levels of secretin rise.
89) The enzyme alpha amylase helps digestA) Complex carbohydrates.B) Nucleic acids.C) lipids.D) proteins.E) simple sugars
A) Complex carbohydrates.
84) Haustra areA) External pouches of the colon.B) The source of hormones produced by the colon.C) Glands in the large intestine that secrete enzymes.D) Feces stored in the rectum.E) Ridges in the mucosa of the colon
A) External pouches of the colon.
106) What stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides an access route for blood vesselsentering and leaving the liver?A) falciform ligamentB) greater omentumC) lesser OmentumD) diaphragmE) mesentery proper
A) Falciform ligament.
144) Select the correct matchA) Gallbladder ------ stores bileB) Esophagus -------- secretes digestive enzymesC) Pancreas ------- transports material to stomach
A) Gallbladder ------ stores bile.
9) The gastroileal reflexA) Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon.B) Promotes gastric secretion.C) Is a solely endocrine reflex.D) Decreases peristaltic activity.E) Is responsible for emptying the duodenum
A) Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon.
94) The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability.A) mesentery proper B) diaphragm C) falciform ligamentD) lesser Omentum E) greater Omentum
A) Mesentery proper.
132) In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluidA) Rich in bicarbonate.B) That contains only proteinases.C) That contains only amylase.D) Rich in bile.E) Rich in enzymes
A) Rich in bicarbonate.
126) All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that itA) Secretes bile for fat digestion.B) Is constantly being replaced.C) Is composed of simple columnar epithelium.D) Is covered by thick, viscous mucus.E) Contains gastric pits
A) Secretes bile for fat digestion.
76) During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.B) The intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.C) Secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells.D) Production of gastric juice slows down.E) The stomach responds to distention
A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
127) Which of the following is greater?A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal.B) the pH of the blood in gastric veins following a 24-hour fastC) Neither is greater.
A) the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal.
00) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavityA) Prevents irritation.B) Secretes peritoneal fluid.C) Decreases friction.D) Lubricates the cavity.E) all of the above
All above
113) Functions of teeth includeA) Chewing.B) Circulating food.C) Mastication.D) all of the above
All above
120) The production of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated byA) The central nervous system.B) Digestive tract hormones.C) Short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall.D) All of the above.E) None of the above
All above
142) Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which the liver becomesenlarged in order to deal with the excess amounts of alcohol and eventually becomes nonfunctional.Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tony?A) portal hypertension and ascitesB) increased clotting timeC) jaundiceD) all of the aboveE) B and C only
All above
93) The entire tube of the digestive system can also be referred to as theA) GI tract. c) Esophagus. e) Both A and CB) Alimentary canal. d) all of the above
All above
97) Which of the following is a role of the digestive tract lining?A) digests swallowed bacteriaB) protects from abrasionsC) safeguards nearby tissueD) protects from digestive acidsE) all of the above
All above
139) If the pancreatic duct were obstructed, you would expect to see elevated bloodlevels ofA) Bilirubin. C) Cholecystokinin. E) Secretin.B) Gastrin. D) Amylase
Amylase
131) A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands wouldA) Impair the lubricating properties of saliva.B) Result in the production of less viscous saliva.C) Eliminate the sense of taste.D) Interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.E) both B and C
B and C
101) Which of the following is responsible for stabilizing the liver?A) mesentery properB) falciform ligamentC) greater OmentumD) diaphragmE) lesser Omentum.
B) Falciform ligament.
72) The pancreas producesA) Nucleases.B) Lipases and amylase.C) Peptidases and proteinases.D) All of the above.E) A and C only.
B) Lipases and amylase.
140) Mary has a disease that causes a large portion of her gastric mucosa to atrophy. This results insignificantly less secretion by the gastric glands. As a result of this condition you would expect Maryto haveA) Diarrhea.B) pernicious anemia.C) protein malnutrition.D) Dehydration.E) Obstructive bowel disease
B) Pernicious anemia.
81) Functions of the large intestine includeA) Chemical digestion of chyme.B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces.C) Primarily absorb the products of digestion.D) Temporary food storageE) both A and C
B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces.
137) A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affectA) The composition of pancreatic secretions.B) The level of intestinal gastrin.C) Secretions of the duodenal glands.D) The amount of bile produced by the liver.E) Both C and D
C and d
68) Each of the following is a function of the liver, exceptA) Synthesis and secretion of bile.B) Synthesis of plasma proteins.C) Antibody production.D) Storage of glycogen and lipid.E) Inactivation of toxins.
C) Antibody production.
87) A small, fingerlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the Cecum is theA) Gallbladder.B) Pancreas.C) Appendix.D) Ileum.E) Haustra
C) Appendix.
128) Enterogastric reflexesA) Are solely neuralB) Stimulate gastric motility.C) Are triggered when the pH of chyme is too low.D) Increase gastric secretion.E) none of the above
C) Are triggered when the pH of chyme is too low.
75) Bile is stored in theA) Liver.B) Duodenum.C) Gallbladder.D) Pancreas.E) Appendix.
C) Gallbladder.
69) The basic functional unit of the liver is theA) Lobule.B) Portal area.C) Hepatocyte.D) bile canaliculus.E) Kupffer cell.
C) Hepatocyte.
129) A blockage of the opening in the duodenal papilla would do all of the following, exceptA) Decrease protein digestion.B) Decrease carbohydrate digestion.C) Increase emulsification of fats.D) Interfere with neutralization of gastric chyme.E) Impair fat digestion
C) Increase emulsification of fats.
05) The sheets of serous membrane that connect the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneumare calledA) The diaphragm.B) The notochord.C) Mesenteries.D) Ascites.E) Peritoneal sheets.
C) Mesenteries.
117) The essential metabolic or synthetic service provided by the liver isA) Hematological regulation.B) Bile production.C) Metabolic regulation.D) A, B, and CE) none of the above
C) Metabolic regulation.
85) The taenia coli areA) Polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon.B) Ridges in the mucosa of the colon.C) Three longitudinal bands of muscle located beneath the serosa of the colon.D) External pouches of the colon.E) Tumors normally found in the ascending colon.
C) Three longitudinal bands of muscle located beneath the serosa of the colon.
145) Which three enzymes hydrolyze one amino acid at a time?A) Carboxypeptidase, Aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase.B) Aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, and amylaseC) Dipeptidase, trypsin and chymotrypsinD) Aminopeptidase, pepsin, and chymotrypsinE) trypsin and chymotrypsin, pepsin
Carboxypeptidase, Aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase.
86) The saclike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is theA) Haustra.B) Sigmoid colon.C) Appendix.D) Cecum.E) Rectum
Cecum
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is A) Enterokinase.B) Cholecystokinin.C) Gastrin.D) GIP E) Secretin.
Cholecystokinin which is produced by the small intestine in response to the presence of food particularly fatty food. It stimulates the release of the bile from the gall bladder into the small instant to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.
118) If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive, an individualA) Cannot control movements of the tongue.B) Has difficulty tasting food.C) Cannot swallow properly.D) Cannot eat or speak normally.E) Can do all of these with no difficulty.
D) Cannot eat or speak normally.
78) All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that itA) Begins when chyme enters the small intestine.B) Involves both neural and endocrine reflexes.C) Functions to control the rate of gastric emptying.D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine.E) Helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency
D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine.
74) The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is theA) Ligamentum teres.B) Lesser omentum.C) Greater omentum.D) Falciform ligament.E) Hepatic ligament.
D) Falciform ligament.
14) ________ Crush, mash, and grind food when it enters the mouth.A) BicuspidsB) Secondary teethC) CuspidsD) Incisors
D) Incisors.
123) A molecule that blocks the activity of myosin light chain kinase wouldA) Increase membrane permeability to calcium ions.B) Increase the contractility of smooth muscle in the intestine.C) Rapidly deplete intracellular stores of ATP.D) Interfere with smooth muscle contraction.E) stimulate mass movements of the large intestine
D) Interfere with smooth muscle contraction.
119) Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results fromA) Sympathetic stimulation. B) HungerC) Hormonal stimulation.D) Parasympathetic stimulation.E) Myenteric reflexes.
D) Parasympathetic stimulation.
121) As individuals age,A) There is decreased risk of colon cancer.B) There is very little change in the function of their digestive tract.C) They become more prone to diarrhea.D) Smooth muscle tone in the intestine decreases.E) They become less likely to develop ulcers.
D) Smooth muscle tone in the intestine decreases.
124) A molecule that blocks the action of pacesetter cells wouldA) Decrease gastric secretion.B) Increase gastric secretion.C) Increase intestinal motility.D) Not interfere with either intestinal motility or gastric secretionE) Decrease intestinal motility
E) Decrease intestinal motility.
77) The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by theA) Entry of chyme into the small intestine.B) Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.C) Entry of chyme into the large intestine.D) Sight, thought, or smell of food.E) Entry of food into the stomach.
E) Entry of food into the stomach.
70) ________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates radiating outward from acentral vein.A) Hepatic ductsB) Portal areasC) Kupffer cellsD) Bile canaliculiE) Hepatocytes
E) Hepatocytes.
65) The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms theA) Common pancreatic duct.B) Hepatic portal vein.C) bile canaliculus.D) porta hepatis.E) Common bile duct
E. common bile duct The hepatic duct carries bile from the liver, and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder. The common bile duct then carries bile from both the liver and the gallbladder ti the small intestine, where it helps digest fats.
122) Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion ofA) complex carbohydrates.B) protein.C) Fat.D) Disaccharides.E) Vitamins.
Fat
116) The hormone that stimulates the secretion of the stomach and contraction of the stomach walls isA) Cholecystokinin.B) Enterokinase.C) Secretin.D) Gastrin.
Gatrin
143) Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?A) sucroseB) glycogenC) glucoseD) lactoseE) starch
Glucose
96) Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateralportions of the abdomen?A) falciform ligamentB) lesser omentumC) diaphragmD) greater omentumE) mesentery proper
Greater omentum
135) Damage to motor fibers in which cranial nerve would NOT possibly interfere with thedeglutition reflex?A) XB) IXC) XID) VE) XII
IX
141) Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would youexpect to observe in Tom?A) elevated levels of blood glucoseB) overproduction of blood plasma albuminC) impaired digestion of proteinD) jaundiceE) blood in the feces
Jaundice
38) An obstruction of the common bile duct would result inA) Pancreatitis.B) Inability to digest protein.C) Jaundice.D) An inability to absorb water-soluble vitamins.E) Increased sugar in the chyme.
Jaundice
134) Digestion of a carbohydrate results in large amounts of the monosaccharides glucose andgalactose. This carbohydrate was probablyA) Cellulose.B) Maltose.C) Sucrose.D) Glycogen.E) Lactose
Lactose
95) This organ absorbs primarily water.A) stomachB) small intestineC) esophagusD) anusE) large intestine
Large intestine
108) Alteration in pH in the stomach is an example ofA) Hormone stimulation.B) Local stimulation.C) Neural stimulation.D) Muscular stimulation.E) none of the above
Local stimulation
92) Most products of fat digestion are absorbed byA) The interstitial fluid.B) Veins.C) Lymphatic vessels.D) Capillaries.E) The arterioles.
Lymphatic vessels
88) Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.A) peristalticB) churningC) massD) pendularE) segmentation
Mass
91) Carbohydrate digestion begins in theA) Esophagus.B) Mouth.C) Ileum.D) Stomach.E) Duodenum
Mouth
111) Nitroglycerin is quickly absorbed via the ________ during a period of angina.A) bloodstreamB) gluteus maximusC) stomachD) oral cavityE) deltoid muscl
Oral cavity
80) Digested materials move across the intestinal wall by all of the following, exceptA) active transport.B) facilitated diffusion.C) diffusion.D) Osmosis.E) Cotransport.
Osmosis
112) Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing salivary amylase?A) lingualB) submandibularC) mandibularD) parotidE) sublingual
Parotid
73) The pancreas produces ________ digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes.A) proteinB) carbohydrateC) nucleic acidD) sugarE) lipid
Protein
83) Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is theA) Rectal column.B) Sigmoid colon.C) Rectum.D) Anal canal.E) Descending colon
Rectum
33) In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluidA) Rich in bicarbonate.B) That contains only amylase.C) Rich in bile.D) That contains only proteinases.E) Rich in enzymes.
Rich in enzymes
15) The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption ofnutrients is theA) Large intestine.B) Colon.C) Stomach.D) Small intestine.E) Cecum
Small intestine
107) All of the following contain goblet cells, except theA) large intestineB) small intestineC) esophagusD) stomachE) transverse colon
Stomach
98) The ________ chemically breaks down materials.A) esophagusB) stomachC) anusD) large intestin
Stomach
109) The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.A) single squamousB) muscularC) simpleD) stratified squamousE) none of the above
Stratified squamous
110) The ________ salivary gland can be found in the floor of the mouth covered by the mucousmembrane.A) sublingualB) lingualC) parotidD) submandibularE) mandibular
Sublingual
104) Identify the salivary gland that secretes a mixture of buffers, glycoproteins, and salivary amylase.A) submandibularB) lingualC) sublingualD) parotidE) mandibular
Submandibular
99) Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds themuscularis mucosae?A) muscularis mucosaeB) lamina propriaC) submucosaD) digestive epitheliumE) mucosa
Submucosa
125) Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function inA) Moving the tongue.B) Mastication.C) Esophageal peristalsis.D) Swallowing.E) Opening the cardiac sphincter
Swallowing
63) The enzyme enterokinaseA) Functions in carbohydrate digestion.B) Stimulates release of pancreatic secretions.C) Activates protein-digesting enzymes.D) Functions in lipid digestion.E) Stimulates the release of bile.
The enzyme enterokinase activates protein digested enzymes. Enterokinase is an enzyme produced by the small intestine and its function is to activate protein digesting enzymes. When proteins are digested they are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids, which can be absorbed by the small intestine and used by the body for many functions.
82) At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes theA) Descending colon.B) Ascending colon.C) Rectum.D) Sigmoid colon.E) Transverse colon.
Transverse colon
148) The secondary dentition usually contains 32 teeth.A) True B) False
True
150) After processing in the stomach, the gastric contents are referred to as chymeA) True B) False
True
151) Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by emulsifying large fat droplets.A) True B) False
True
152) Flatus is intestinal gas produced by bacteria in the colon during the metabolism of undigestiblecarbohydrates.A) True B) False
True
153) The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides is amylaseA) True B) Fals
True
154) Maltose is broken down into two molecules of glucose by the enzyme maltaseA) True B) False
True
155) Sucrose is broken down into simple sugars by SucraseA) True B) False
True
156) The milk sugar, lactose, is digested by the enzyme lactaseA) True B) False
True
157) Micelles are combinations of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts.A) True B) Fals
True
158) Your patient with liver failure has a firm rounded abdomen upon admission. This is clinicallyknown as ascitesA) True B) False
True
159) You are caring for a 70-year-old patient who is 2 days post-op. During your routine nursingassessment, you notice that he has hypo-bowel sounds. You know that this patient must havedecreased peristalsisA) True B) Fals
True
160) The dangling process that aids in preventing aspiration of food is known as the uvulaA) True B) False
True
161) You are assessing a 6-year-old patient in the emergency room. The patient complains of a fever,swollen face, and painful cheeks. You suspect this patient has mumpsA) TrueB) False
True
46) The oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity.A) True B) False
True
47) There are normally a total of 20 primary teethA) True B) False
True
90) An enzyme that will digest proteins into polypeptides isA) Maltase.B) Amylase.C) Nuclease.D) Lipase.E) Trypsin
Trypsin
66) In the center of a liver lobule there is aA) Sinusoid.B) Hepatic duct.C) portal vein.D) central vein.E) Portal area.
central vein
62) An intestinal hormone that stimulates parietal cells and chief cells in the stomach to secrete isA) Enterokinase.B) Cholecystokinin.C) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).D) Intestinal gastrin.E) Secretin
intestinal gastrin is produced by the small intestine in response to the presence of partially digested proteins in the stomach. It stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen from the parietal and and chief cells in the stomach, respectively, to aid in the digestion of proteins
67) The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed ofA) Pancreatic acini.B) Pancreatic lobules.C) Pancreatic crypts.D) Islets of Langerhans.E) Triads
pancreatic acini
