digestive system

What does the mnemonic "DJ EYE" help you remember in the digestive system? Options:A) The sequence of the small intestine sectionsB) The organs of the digestive systemC) The enzymes involved in digestionD) The functions of the stomach

A

What is the function of the ileocecal sphincter in the digestive system? Options:A) To connect the small intestine and large intestine B) To separate the stomach and duodenum C) To release digestive enzymesD) To regulate bile flow from the liver

A

What is the primary process used by the liver to store excess glucose? A) Glycogenesis B) Gluconeogenesis C) Glycolysis D) Ketogenesis

A

What is the process called in which the liver creates new glucose? A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenesis C) Glycogenolysis D) Glycolysis

A

What type of cells are enterocytes, and where are they located? Options:A) Absorptive cells of the small intestine B) Muscle cells of the stomachC) Secretory cells of the pancreasD) Connective tissue cells of the liver

A

What is the primary function of the pyloric sphincter in the digestive system? A) To regulate the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine B) To prevent the backflow of food from the esophagus into the stomach C) To absorb nutrients in the stomach D) To produce bile for the digestion of fats

a

Which of the following functions of the liver can be remembered using the mnemonic "PUSH DOG"? Options:A) Protein synthesis, Urea production, Storage of vitamins, Hormone production, Detoxification, Glucose metabolism.B) Phototransduction, Uric acid production, Sympathetic response, HCl production, Digestion, Osmoregulation, Gallbladder contraction.C) Poulation control, Urbanization, Social interaction, Health monitoring, Data analysis, Ocean mapping, Genome editing.D) Phosphorylation, Uncoupling respiration, Secretion of enzymes, Heme degradation, Development, Oncogene activation, Gene expression.

a

where does food go when it is first swallowed? a. pharynx b. larynx c. esophagus d. trachea

a

What are pseudopods, and what is their primary function? Options:A) Permanent tentacle-like appendages used for reproductionB) Temporary finger-like projections used for locomotion and trapping foodC) Rigid structures used to protect the cellD) Circular structures used exclusively for photosynthesis

b

What effect does the hormone gastrin have on the cells in the stomach? A) It inhibits the release of gastric juices B) It triggers parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid and chief cells to secrete pepsinogen C) It stimulates the absorption of nutrients D) It decreases the motility of the stomach muscles

b

What is peristalsis and its role in the digestive system? Options:A) Voluntary contraction of muscles in the mouth for chewing foodB) Involuntary muscle contractions that allow food to be pushed through the esophagus to the stomachC) The release of enzymes in the stomach to digest proteinsD) The absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

b

What is the primary function of the cardiac sphincter in the digestive system? A) To move food from the stomach to the small intestine B) To prevent the backflow of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus C) To absorb nutrients from digested food D) To produce digestive enzymes for breaking down proteins

b

What is the primary function of the digestive system in humans? Options:A) To circulate blood throughout the bodyB) To break down food into nutrients the body can absorbC) To pump oxygen into the bloodstreamD) To regulate body temperature

b

What is the primary function of the hepatic portal system in relation to blood flow? Options:A) To carry oxygen-rich blood from the liver to the digestive organs for nutrient supply.B) To transport nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for filtration and detoxification.C) To deliver carbon dioxide-rich blood from the heart to the liver for gas exchange.D) To circulate deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation directly to the spleen for processing.

b

What is the primary role of G cells in the stomach? A) To secrete digestive enzymes B) To release the hormone gastrin C) To absorb nutrients D) To regulate the production of bile

b

What are the primary substances released by chief cells in the stomach? A) Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor B) Mucus and bicarbonate C) Gastric lipase and pepsinogen D) Gastrin and secretin

c

What is a zymogen? A) An active enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates B) A fully formed cellular structure in the stomach C) An inactive precursor of the enzyme pepsinogen D) A type of hormone that regulates digestion

c

What is the main component of gastric juice produced by parietal cells in the stomach? A) Pepsinogen B) Bile salts C) Hydrochloric acid, making the gastric juice highly acidic D) Sodium bicarbonate

c

What is the primary function of pepsin in the digestive system? A) To emulsify fats for better digestion B) To break down carbohydrates into simple sugars C) To break down proteins into smaller peptides D) To neutralize stomach acid

c

What is the primary function of the esophagus in the human digestive system? Options:A) To store bile produced by the liverB) To grind food into smaller piecesC) To guide food from the mouth to the stomachD) To secrete digestive enzymes to break down fats

c

What is the primary function of the trachea in the respiratory system? Options:A) To filter blood and produce urineB) To transport food from the throat to the stomachC) To bring air to the lungs and is reinforced by cartilageD) To conduct nerve impulses throughout the body

c

What is the role of the pharynx in the human body? Options:A) It is exclusively part of the respiratory system and aids in breathing.B) It is a part of the circulatory system that pumps blood.C) It acts as a passageway common to both the digestive and respiratory systems.D) It is part of the nervous system that processes sensory information.

c

Which enzyme is found in saliva and what is its primary function? Options:A) Pepsin, which breaks down proteinsB) Lipase, which emulsifies fatsC) Salivary amylase, which begins the digestion of carbohydratesD) Lactase, which digests lactose

c

what is the target of chemical digestion in the mouth? a. proteins b. fats c. carbohydrates d. nucleic acids

c

Through which opening does food enter the stomach from the esophagus? A) Pyloric sphincter B) Ileal sphincter C) Duodenal sphincter D) Cardiac Sphincter

d

WHAT IS CHYME? A. small round mass of food b. food in its most digested state c. a substance produced by the gallbladder to digest fat d. acidic, semi-digested food mixture

d

What is the primary function of mucous cells in the stomach? A) To produce hydrochloric acid for digestion B) To release pepsinogen and gastric lipase C) To absorb nutrients directly into the bloodstream D) To protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juice

d

what is a bolus? a. food as it enters the mouth b. food digested to a liquid state c. a term synonymous with feces d. mass of chewed food and saliva

d

What is the function of the bile produced by the liver? Options:A) To digest proteinsB) To emulsify fatsC) To neutralize stomach acidD) To absorb carbohydrates

B

What is the primary function of the gallbladder in relation to bile? Options:A) To produce bileB) To store bile from the liverC) To emulsify fatsD) To convert bile to enzymes

B

Which of the following accurately describes the function of Kupffer cells in the liver? Options:A) Kupffer cells are responsible for producing insulin in response to blood glucose levels.B) Kupffer cells act as the liver's phagocytes, targeting red blood cells and breaking down hemoglobin into bilirubin for bile production.C) Kupffer cells synthesize cholesterol and store it in the liver.D) Kupffer cells enhance the absorption of vitamins and minerals in the small intestine

B

Which of the following correctly lists the components of the large intestine? A) Stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum B) Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, anus C) Esophagus, pylorus, ileum, cecum D) Duodenum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon

B

Which organ is associated with the digestive system and is responsible for the production of cholecystokinin (CCK)? Options:A) StomachB) Small intestineC) LiverD) Pancreas

B

Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion? Options:A) IleumB) DuodenumC) JejunumD) Rectum

B

Which sections of the small intestine are primarily responsible for absorption? Options:A) Duodenum and JejunumB) Jejunum and IleumC) Duodenum and IleumD) Ileum and Cecum

B

What are the primary functions of the large intestine? A) Absorption of nutrients and digestion of proteins B) Production of bile and secretion of digestive enzymes C) Absorption of water and minerals, and production/absorption of vitamins D) Digestion of fats and carbohydrate absorption

C

What is glycogenesis? Options:A) The breakdown of glycogen into glucose monomers.B) The process of converting glucose into pyruvate through glycolysis.C) The construction of glycogen polymer from many glucose monomers.D) The conversion of amino acids into nucleic acids.

C

What is the primary function of goblet cells in the small intestine? Options:A) To secrete digestive enzymesB) To absorb nutrientsC) To release a protective mucusD) To transport waste

C

What is the process called in which glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers? A) Glycogenesis B) Glycolysis C) Glycogenolysis D) Gluconeogenesis

C

What percentage of digestion occurs in the small intestine? Options:A) 50%B) 70%C) 90%D) 100%

C

Which enzymes are responsible for digesting proteins in the small intestine? Options:A) Amylase and lipaseB) Pepsin and lactaseC) Trypsin and chymotrypsinD) Sucrase and maltase

C

Which hormone is released when proteins and fats are recognized in the duodenum? Options:A) SecretinB) GastrinC) Cholecystokinin (CCK)D) Insulin

C