Discovering Computers - Chapter 13 (Programming Languages and Program Development) Review

how a macro is usually created

* record the macro with a macro recorder * write the macro

What are advantages of OOP language?

1) objects can be reused 2) programmers create applications faster 3) Work well in a RAD enviroment 4) Most program development tools are IDEs

Program development

1. Analyze Requirements 2. Design Solution 3. Validate Design 4. Impliment design 5. Testing Solution 6. Documenting Solution

Rich Internet application (RIA)

A Web-based application that works like an installed software program.

Application lifecycle management (ALM)

A broad term to describe complete systems that can be used to create and manage an application throughout its entire life cycle-from design through retirement.

Fourth-generaltion language (4GL)

A class of programming languages that is closer to natural language and easier to work with than a high-level language.

High-level language

A class of programming languages that is closer to natural language and easier to work with than a low-level language.

Low-level language

A class of programming languages that is highly detailed and machine-dependent.

Source code

A computer program before it is compiled.

What is a computer program?

A computer program is a series of instructions that directs a computer to peform tasks

What is a high-level language?

A high-level language often is machine independent, meaning that it can run on many different types of computers, and each language instruction typically equates to multiple machine instructions

COBOL

A high-level programming language developed for transaction processing applications.

FORTRAN

A high-level programming language used for mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications.

C

A high-level structured programming language that has the execution efficiency of an assembly language.

Java

A high-level, object-oriented programming language frequently used for Web-based applications.

Phython

A high-level, open source, dynamic object-oriented programming language that can be used to develop a wide variety of applications.

Ruby

A high-level, open-source, object-oriented programming language that is often used to develop Web applications.

Compiler

A language translator that converts an entire program into machine language before executing it.

Interpreter

A language translator that converts program statements line-by-line into machine language, immediately executing each one.

What is the C programming language?

A language used to write many of today's programs

What is machine language?

A low level language. The first generation of programming languages. Ony language the computer directly recognizes

What is a low-level programming language?

A low-level language is machine dependent, meaning that it runs on only one particular type of computer, and each language instruction usually equates to a single machine instruction

Machine language

A low-level programming language in which the program code consist of 0s and 1s.

Assembly language

A low-level programming language that uses names and other symbols to replace some of the 0s and 1s in machine language.

Variable

A named memory location defined in a computer program that is used to store the current value of a data item used in that program.

C++

A newer, object-oriented version of the C programming language.

Control structure

A pattern for controlling the flow of logic in a computer program, module, or method.

Programmer

A person whose job it is to write, test, and maintain computer programs.

Flowchart

A program design tool that shows graphically step-by-step the actions a computer program will take.

Pseudocode

A program design tool that uses English-like statements to outline the logic of a program.

Logic error

A programming error that occurs when running a program produces incorrect results.

Syntax error

A programming error that occurs when the programmer has not followed the rules of the programming language.

Software development kit (SDK)

A programming package designed for a particular platform that enables programmers to develop applications for that platform more quickly and easily.

Repetition control structure

A series of statements in a loop that are repeated until a particular condition is met.

Selection control structure

A series of statements in with the results of a decision determine the direction the program takes.

Sequence control structure

A series of statements that follow one another.

Programming language

A set of rules, worlds, symbols, and codes used to write computer programs.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

A set of standard notations for creating business models.

Language translator

A software program that converts program code to machine language.

Pascal

A structured, high-level programming language often used to teach structured programming, especially appropriate for use in math and science applications.

Visual Basic

A version of the BASIC programming language that is visual and supports object-oriented programming

What are some classic programming languages?

Ada, ALGOL, APL, BASIC, Forth, FORTRAN, HyperTalk LISP, Logo, Modula-2, Pascal, PILOT, PL/1, Prolog, RPG, Smalltalk

Object-oriented programming (OOP)

An approach to program design in which a program consists of a collection of objects that contain data and methods to be used with that data.

Procedural programming

An approach to program design in which a program is separated into small modules that are called by the main program or another module when needed.

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP)

An approach to program design in which different functions are clearly separated so program components can be developed and modified individually from one another, and the components can be easily reused with separate, non related objects.

BASIC

An easy-to-learn, high-level programming language that was developed to be used by beginning programmers.

What are features of the Microsoft .NET framework?

CLR (Common Language Runtime) Classes

CSS

Cascading style sheets, contain the formats for how a particular object should be displayed

What is COBOL?

Common Business-Oriented Language, designed for business applications, but easy to read because of the English-like statements

DHTML

Dynamic HTML, allows Web developers to include more graphical interest and interactivity

Scripts, Applets, Servlets, ActiveX controls

Progrrams that use CGI

RoR

Ruby on Rails, provides technologies for developing object-oriented, database-driven Web sites

Web 2.0 allows Web sites to provide a means for users to:_________________

Share personal information Allow users to modify site content Have application software built into the site

What is JIT?

The Just-in-time compiler is used to convert the bytecode into machine-dependent code

Object code

The machine language version of a computer program generated after the program's source code is compiled.

C#

The newest, object-oriented version of the C programming language.

Problem analysis

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the problem is carefully considered and the program specifications are developed.

Program coding

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program code is written using a programming language.

Program implementation and maintenance

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program is implemented and then maintained, as needed, to remain useful.

Program design

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program specifications are expanded into a complete design of the new program.

Program debugging and testing

The phase of the program development life cycle that ensures a program is correct and works as intended.

Program development life cycle (PDLC)

The process containing the five phases of program development: analyzing, designing, coding, debugging and testing, and implementing and maintaining application software.

Program development

The process of creating application programs.

Debugging

The process of ensuring a program is free of errors.

Coding

The process of writing the programming language statements to create a computer program.

What is a procedural language?

The programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it. These are third generation languages

What is an assembly language?

The second generation of programming languages. Programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes.

What is the purpose of a hierarchy (structure) chart?

To show program modules graphically

API

Used by most Web 2.0 sites. enables prgrammers to interact with an enviroment such as a Web site or operating system

Web browsers can execute short programs to add interactive elements to Web pages.

Web browsers can execute short programs to add interactive elements to Web pages.

What is a visual programming language?

a langauge that uses a visual or graphical interface for creating all source code

XHTML

a markup langauge that allows Web sites to be displayed more easily on mobile devices

4GL

a nonprocedural langauge that enables users and programmers to acess data in a database

What is a PowerBuilder

a powerful program development RAD tool. Best suited for web-based, .NET, and largescale enterprise object-oriented applications

What is Borland's Delphi

a powerful program development tool that is ideal for building largescale enterprise and Web applications in a RAD enviroment

application generator

a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality. Oftenbundled as part of a DBMS

Macro

a series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task

HTML

a special formattin language that programmers use to format documents for display on the Web. used for web page development

WML

a subset of XML and is used to design pages for microbrowsers

SML

allows Web developers to create customized tags and use predefined tages to display content appropriately on various devices

What is the Microsoft .NET framework?

allows almost any type of program to run on the Internet or an internal business network, as well as computers and mobile devices

Multimedia authoring software

allows programmers to combine text, graphics, animation, audio, and video in an interactive presentation. Includes ToolBook and Director

What is C++

an extensino of the C programming language, is an object OOP

what is SML

an increasingly popular format for sharing data that allows web developers to create customized tags, as well as use predefined tags

What is Java?

an object-oriented langauge developed by Sun Microsystems, is an OOP

What is C#

based on C+++ and was developed by Microsoft, is an OOP

What is Visual C++

based on C++, is an object oriented programming language

What is Visual Basic

based on the BASIC programming language, is an object oriented programming language, is an OOP

Web page authoring software

can create sophisticated Web pages that include images, video, audio, animation, and other effects. Includes dreamweaver, flash, expression web, sharepoint designer.

What is F#

combines the benefits of an object-oriented language with those of a functional language, is an OOP

Visual C#

combines the programming elements of C++ with an easier, rapid-development enviroment. an OOP

CGI

common gateway interface, allows you to send and receive information between compter and a Web server

What is a source program?

contains the code to be coverted to machine language

What is an interpreter

converts and executes one code statement at a time

What does a style sheet contain

descritptions of a document's characteristics

What do programmers use to write scripst, applets, servlets, or ActiveX controls?

javascript, Perl, PHP, Rexx, Tcl, VBScript

What is an OOP language?

object-oriented programming, allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects

A computer program is created by a ____ using a ____.

programmer, programming language

What is a compiler?

translates an entire program before executing it

RSS 2.0 and ATOM

two applications fo XML