Disorder of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental & Metabolic Disorders

Bulge sign

acute synovitis - visible swelling that involves milking fluid from the lateral to the medial side of the patella

Paget disease

characterized by local areas of excessive bone turnover & disorganized osteoid formation - bone displays a mosaic-like pattern caused by areas of density

osteomalacia

generalized bone condition in which there is inadequate mineralization of bone caused by insufficient calcium absorption from the intestine or phosphate deficiency Accompanied by hyperparathyroidism

osteoarthritis

inflammatory and degenerative joint disease - slow, progressive destruction of articular cartilage of weight-bearing joints & fingers

Boutonniere deformity

late RA with flexion of PIP joint and hyperextension of DIP (thumb)

swan neck deformity

late RA with hyperextension of proximal interphalangeal joint & partial flexion of DIP joint (fingers)

osteomalacia

manifestation: bone pain, tenderness, fractures, muscle weakness which predisposes pathologic fractures in weakened areas (distal radius & proximal femur)

baker cyst

mass formed behind the knee joint by distention of a bursa with excess synovial fluid resulting from chronic irritation

osteoporosis

metabolic bone disease characterized by loss of mineralized bone mass - increased porosity of skeleton and susceptibility to fractures Associated with age, alcohol use, corticosteroid use, calcium low, estrogen low, smoking, sedentary lifestyle

rickets

metabolic bone disorder characterized by a failure or delay in calcification of the cartilaginous growth plate in children whose epiphyses have not yet fused Manifestation: widening/deformation of metaphyseal region of long bones

Paget disease

ostetitis deformans - 2nd most common bone disease after osteoporosis & occurs in 4th decade of life

osteopenia

reduction in bone mass greater than expected for age, race, or sex due to a decrease in bone formation, inadequate bone mineralization or excessive bone deossification Caused by: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, malignancies, endocrine disorders

vitamin D dependent

rickets due to inadequate sunlight exposure/inadequate intake - caused by abnormalities in gene coding for the enzyme that converts inactive vit D to active vit D

vitamin D resistant

rickets due to inadequate sunlight exposure/inadequate intake - caused by hypophosphatemia (decreased in serum phosphate levels)

rheumatoid arthritis

systemic inflammatory disease that affect women 3x more than men - T-cell mediated response to an immunologic trigger leads to synovial inflammation & destruction of joint architecture