Disorders of the Ankle and Foot (smartypance.com)

What is a Jones fracture?

It is a transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal, 1.5 to 3 cm distal to the proximal tuberosity at the metadiaphyseal junction, without distal extension. It often requires surgical fixation.

What gender and age group are associated with Achilles' tendon ruptures?

Middle-aged men (especially those that play quick stop and start sports like basketball).

Sharp pain with ambulation at the 3'rd metatarsal head. May be associated with numbness/paresthesia. Reproducible pain on palpation.

Morton's Neuroma

What are the characteristics of a Morton's foot?

Morton's foot describes the condition where the second toe is longer than the first, which can lead to an increased risk of overuse injuries

Are most ankle sprains on the lateral or medial side of the joint?

Most ankle sprains involve the lateral ligaments

A stress fracture of the second or third metatarsal is suspected but not detected on initial X-rays. How long after the initial examination should the second set of X-rays be ordered?

3 to 4 weeks

What is the mechanism of injury that most commonly results in a calcaneus fracture?

A fall from a significant height

What is the most injured lateral ankle ligament?

Anterior talofibular ligament

Insidious onset of paresthesia, as well as burning pain and numbness on the plantar surface of the foot. Pain radiates superiorly along the medial side of the calf. Rest decreases pain.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

What guidelines are often used to determine if a patient who has suffered an ankle injury needs X-rays?

The Ottawa ankle rules

What tarsal bone is most fractured?

The calcaneus

The strong ligaments on the medial side of the ankle?

The deltoid ligaments

What group of muscles on the lateral part of the lower leg must be strong to prevent excessive ankle inversion?

The peroneal muscles

What is the most common site of stress fractures in the foot?

The second (and third) metatarsal bones are the most common site of stress fractures in the foot?

What nerve is in the tarsal tunnel?

The tibial nerve

The best physical exam test for determining if an anterior talofibular ligament injury has occurred?

An anterior drawer test of the ankle will reveal pain and/or laxity if an anterior talofibular ligament injury has occurred

What is the most common type of ankle injury?

Ankle sprains account for most of all ankle injuries

What ankle motion can lead to injury to the deltoid ligaments?

Excessive eversion

What fracture is frequently missed when a patient complains of an ankle injury?

Fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal, caused by plantar flexion and inversion. Radiographs of the ankle may not include the fifth metatarsal.

What metatarsal fracture is often associated with a disrupted tarsal-metatarsal joint?

Fracture of the base of the second metatarsal. Treatment may require open reduction and internal fixation

A patient complains of pain and a clicking sound located at the posterior lateral malleolus. A fullness beneath the lateral malleolus is found?

Peroneal tendon subluxation with associated tenosynovitis

Extreme pain on the undersurface of the foot from the calcaneus anteriorly that is often worse with the first few steps of the day or after a prolonged period of standing?

Plantar fasciitis