Diverse Learners Ch. 10

Between which ages does a baby's first word usually occur?

12 and 18 months

Who is thought to be one of the first individuals in written history to have had a communication disorder, as well as therapy to correct the condition (e.g., putting pebbles in his mouth while speaking)?

Demosthenes

What is effective communication primarily dependent on?

decoding among partners and message form

Aung has a voice and resonance disorder that causes him to sound like he has a cold or stuffy nose. Which symptom is Aung exhibiting signs of?

denasality

The primary purpose of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is to improve early intervention and:

educational attainment

People with communication disorders often face daunting challenges because our society:

emphasizes interpersonal communication

Joaquin has a very limited vocabulary, a difficult time using language, and speaks in a way that is below his developmental level. Which disorder is most similar to Joaquin's symptoms?

expressive language disorder

Skills that help an individual communicate with another person are part of _____ language, while the person receiving the message can understand it through _____ language.

expressive; receptive

Language focuses on which three primary elements?

form, content, and use

The symptoms of social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SCD) are different from those of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in that individuals with ASD:

have repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

The basic assumption in treatment of functional articulation disorders is that a(n):

inappropriate stimulus and reinforcement situation was present during speech development

Which term refers to a condition in which dental structures fit together in an abnormal fashion (such as an overbite)?

malocclusion

Which of the following are characteristic of speech sound disorder error types?

omissions, substitutions, additions

Xiao-Ling is in treatment for a social (pragmatic) communication disorder that involves teaching him conversational turn-taking and matching language style to context. Both of these elements are related to:

pragmatics

Abib stutters and, as part of his treatment, he is taught to monitor his stuttering and to speak slowly and rhythmically. Behavioral models of treatment would also focus on having him:

reward himself for periods of fluency

Approximately 80 to 90 percent of children diagnosed with child onset fluency disorder present symptoms by what age?

six

Surgery is used to treat voice and resonance disorders caused by:

structural problems

Naya has a speech sound disorder that involves substituting one phoneme for another, such as saying "wight" for "right." This substitution is categorized as which type of error?

substitution

What right did the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) give students with communication disorders?

to be assessed by a multidisciplinary team

Which communication disorders are not included in the DSM-5?

voice and resonance disorders

Communication rarely gets much attention unless we have a problem with it.

True

Mila has a communication disorder that requires any intervention not be based on oral language. Her interventionist uses sign language to communicate with Mila. What is this type of communication called?

augmentative and alternative communication

What does aphasia typically result from?

brain abnormalities

When a child's fluency and time patterning of speech is disturbed, it is called _____ disorder, or stuttering.

child onset fluency

When Kyle looks at his watch to indicate he is ready to end their conversation, Sima doesn't notice and continues talking. Sima is demonstrating a challenge with:

conversational rules