Diversity and Social Work Final Exam

According to the Hardiman White Racial Identity Development Model, which stage is characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed? Naiveté Acceptance Resistance Redefinition

Acceptance

What is cognitive empathy? Feeling badly about the racism and prejudice experienced by people of color. Thinking, feeling, and reacting as a person of color would. Acquiring practical knowledge concerning the scope and nature of diverse clients' cultural backgrounds. Holding the worldviews of culturally diverse clients as your own.

Acquiring practical knowledge concerning the scope and nature of diverse clients' cultural backgrounds.

Communication styles are: Strongly correlated with race, culture, and ethnicity Strongly influenced by gender Often more dependent upon nonverbal than on verbal communication All of the above

All of the above

In regard to the meaning of facial expressions: Among Asians, smiling may represent embarrassment, apprehension, or anxiety. Some Asians believe that smiling may suggest weakness. It appears to be culturally conditioned. All of the above.

All of the above

In what aspects of direct social work practice can microinsults occur? Interviewing clients Professional values, judgements, and ethics Managing the helping process Assessment of clients presenting problems Intervention planning and implementation All of the above Only d and e

All of the above

Microaggressive acts can fall into three categories. Which of the three categories can be emotionally disturbing and psychologically damaging? Microassaults—there is no ambiguity as to the intent of the perpetrator. Microinsults—these types of microaggressions are merely rude. Microinvalidation—these types of microaggression are outside of the awareness of the perpetrator and they are not aware that they were being dismissive. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the below concepts are examples "new racism"? Unintentional bias Invisibility of unintentional bias Color blind syndrome Perceived minimal harm All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements are true of microaggressions? There is a differential in status and power represented in these exchanges Are acts of racism and oppression Can be intentional or unintentional Communicate hostile and derogatory slights and insults All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding proxemics? Arabs and South Americans may prefer a much closer stance than is normally comfortable for White Americans. In U.S. society, people seem more uncomfortable when others stand too close rather than too far away. Latin Americans may feel more comfortable having a desk between them and the person they are speaking to. In general, greater space is accorded to those of greater prestige and status.

Arabs and South Americans may prefer a much closer stance than is normally comfortable for White Americans.

The reason that most White people would be hard pressed to describe their ethnic heritage is because of: Assimilation and acculturation Cultural genocide Cultural encapsulation Multiculturalism

Assimilation and acculturation

As a social worker, what stereotypes, perceptions, and beliefs do you personally and professionally hold about culturally diverse groups that may hinder your ability to form a helpful and effective relationship? This is a question you may ask if you are attempting to develop which component of cultural competence: Knowledge Skills Awareness Cognitive empathy

Awareness

Which of the below statements are NOT examples of microaggressions? Telling your Puerto Rican neighbor how much you enjoy seeing their flowers bloom every year Complimenting a Korean client on how well they speak English Telling a "gender queer" person that you also feel constrained with our "so-called" gender roles and stereotypes Holding the door open for a person with a disability who is coming in right after you Both a and d

Both a and d (telling your Puerto Rican neighbor how much you enjoy seeing their flowers AND holding the door open for a person with a disability who is coming in right after you)

Let's say that you have been working with a client who is in a domestic violence situation and you ask the question, "How long has he been abusing you?" This question may be considered: a. Nosey b. Heterosexist c. Homophobic d. Both b and c

Both b and c (heterosexist and homophobic)

One important concept of developing appropriate intervention strategies is to: Defer to people of color in making decisions about interventions. Build on strengths of a community and to empower them in their ability to help themselves. Negate indigenous helping/healing approaches that may already exist within the community. Implement strategies that have only been validated by research.

Build on strengths of a community and to empower them in their ability to help themselves.

The belief that racial and cultural differences are unimportant is best exemplified by which ego status: Disintegration Reintegration Contact Autonomy

Contact

In order to understand the worldview of culturally diverse clients, a multiculturally competent social worker must engage in: Prevention strategies Cultural role taking Monocultural practices Affective empathy

Cultural Role Taking

Acknowledgement by the social worker that he/or she has not lived the life of a sexual minority would be engaging in: Affective empathy Cultural role taking Worldview analysis Delusions of grandeur

Cultural role taking

Traditional social workers that have been trained to be direct and confrontational may be perceived by Asian American or Native American clients as: Animated Dispassionate Disrespectful Empathic

Disrespectful

According to Sue and Sue (1990), in which of the following stages is a White person forced to deal with the inconsistencies that are at odds with his or her denial? Resistance and immersion Introspective Dissonance Conformity

Dissonance

To White Euro-Americans, the presence of affect in a communication might be seen as: Moving Emotional Confrontational Rational

Emotional

A Latin American, Black American, or Arab American may perceive the social worker that backs away from a client to be: Acting appropriately Respectful of personal space Haughty or aloof None of the above

Haughty or aloof

Characteristics such as facial expression, posture, characteristics of movement, gestures, and eye contact are: Paralanguage High-low context Proxemics Kinesics

Kinesics

Which of the following is true regarding high-/low context communication? In Filipino culture, a mild, hesitant "yes" should be considered strong agreement. Low context cultures have been described as more opportunistic and individualistic in orientation. Low context communication is considered to be faster, more economical, and more satisfying. High context cultures place a greater reliance on the verbal part of a message.

Low context cultures have been described as more opportunistic and individualistic in orientation.

Which of the following is not a guiding principle for effective multicultural counseling and therapy? Therapeutic modalities should be consistent with the lifestyles and cultural systems of clients. Multicultural social work includes all groups except heterosexual White males, because this is the group upon which all norms are based. Cultural competence is superordinate clinical competence. Culturally competent social workers must be vigilant to emotional reactions that may lead to a negation of other group values and lifestyles.

Multicultural social work includes all groups except heterosexual White males, because this is the group upon which all norms are based.

What advice can a social worker give a client who has experienced "unintentional expressions of bias" Ignore the comment because the person didn't think what they said was insulting. Ignore the comment because the person wasn't aware that what they was insulting. Ignore the comment because telling the person how you felt can be more trouble than it's worth. Ignore the comment because talking about it can make you feel worse. None of the above.

None of the above

Which of the below statements are true of religious microaggressions? You can't be expected to know everything about all religions so allow the client to correct you if you have misunderstood some aspect of their religion. When clients know that you are not a religious person they will not expect you to address their religious concerns. Some religions have so many different sects that these clients don't really expect outsiders to understand what these differences mean. None of the above.

None of the above

According to Helms, the Contact ego status is supported by which information Processing Strategy (IPS): Obliviousness Suppression Selective perception Reaction formation

Obliviousness

Which of the below statements are true of the term "catch 22" in reference to a person's response when they have experienced a microaggression? If and when the targeted group member express their concerns about the "ism" they may be told that they are being "too sensitive" and are given what may appear to be a more "plausible" explanation for their experience. The victim would have to seriously consider the consequences if they were to challenge the perpetrator of the microaggression. Doing anything in reaction to a microaggression is an exercise in futility. Only a and b None of the above.

Only a and b

According to Helms's White Racial Identity Model, during which status is a White social worker likely to be socially conscious and helpful to minorities, but perpetuate racism by setting goals according to the prevailing White standards? Disintegration Pseudo-independence Immersion/emersion Contact

Pseudo-independence

What happens to a White person who is in Sue and Sue's (1990) Dissonance stage? Realizations occur that one is biased and that Euro-American society does play a part in oppressing people of color. One is comfortable with the concept of race and works towards a nonracist identity. A person does not recognize race and believes that people are people. None of the above.

Realizations occur that one is biased and the Euro-American society does play a part in oppressing people of color

What should you do or do you think you should do if you realized that you were trying too hard to identify with a Lesbian client, and now you see that you were patronizing? Be very careful never to do it again Talk with your supervisor about it. Ask the client if they really were offended by your efforts, because maybe they really didn't think it was that bad. None of the above. All of the above.

Talk with your supervisor about it

In considering nonverbal cues as a source of bias: The power of nonverbal communication is that it operates primarily under conscious control. Ethnic minorities have learned to ignore nonverbal cues and focus primarily on the verbal response of individuals. The accuracy of nonverbal communication may vary according to the part of the body involved. Studies indicate that women and ethnic minorities are worse readers of nonverbal cues than White males.

The accuracy of nonverbal communication may vary according to the part of the body involved.

Important features associated with a multidimensional model of cultural competence include all of the following except: The need to consider specific cultural group worldviews associated with race, gender, sexual orientation, and so on. The ability to intervene effectively at the individual, professional, organizational, and societal levels. The knowledge that the individual level of personal identity is more important than the group level of personal identity. None of the above.

The knowledge that the individual level of personal identity is more important than the group level of personal identity.

Which of the following is likely to be a perspective of a culturally competent helping professional? An individualistic social work approach is the most effective form of meeting the needs of people of color. The problems that people of color experience with discrimination and racism are beyond the scope of social work practice. Providing advice and suggestions are not effective forms of helping with people of color. The role of social worker should be broadened to include teaching, consulting, and advocacy.

The role of social worker should be broadened to include teaching, consulting, and advocacy.

Which of the below microaggressions are not as psychologically damaging as racial/ethnic microaggressions? Gender microaggressions Sexual orientation microaggressions Transgender/gender identity microaggressions Disability microaggressions All of the above They can all be psychologically damaging

They can all be psychologically damaging

In the Acceptance stage of Hardiman's White Racial Identity Development Model: Victim blaming is strong as the existence of racism is denied. The White person is oblivious to people of other racial groups. The White person's denial system begins to crumble. None of the above.

Victim blaming is strong as the existence of racism is denied

If White social workers are to become culturally competent, they must: Learn about the values and beliefs of people of color Move toward the development of a nonracist White racial identity. Understand various modes of indigenous healing practices. All of the above.

all of the above

Social workers who believe that direct eye contact is a positive indicator of mental health may: Perceive African American clients negatively Believe that Asian American clients are pathological Perceive Whites as healthier that people of color All of the above

all of the above

clinical social workers have generally focused on individual or universal levels of identity while placing less importance on the group level because: - US society rose from the concept of rugged individualism - the universal level is consistent with social science research - the group level highlights issues of racism and oppression - all of the above - none of the above

all of the above

social work as a profession has traditionally been viewed as: - all of the above - embedded in western-centric culture-bond values - feeling uncomfortable with the group dimensions of human existence - having a "color-blind" orientation

all of the above

"good clinical practice is good clinical practice," exemplifies: a collectivistic perspective an emic perspective a culturally competent perspective an etic perspective

an etic perspective

the group level of human existence does which of the following in understanding human nature: - seeks universal "facts" in understanding human behavior - focuses on differences on the level of genetics - assumes that shared experiences aid in the formation of worldviews - all of the above

assumes that shared experiences aid in the formation of worldviews

The rapid demographic shifts in the U.S. population stem which of the following trends: immigration rates differential birth weights interracial relationships both a and b

both a and b (immigration rates and differential birth weights)

the professor in chapter 1 seems uncomfortable with the topic of race as evidenced by: - shifting the dialogue to other topics - shifting the dialogue to other group differences such as gender - exemplifying the statement, "there is only one race- the human race." - physically fleeing the conversation - both b and c

both b and c (shifting the dialogue to other group differences such as gender AND exemplifying the statement, "there is only one race- the human race."

when social workers unwittingly impose monocultural standards without regard for differences in race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation, they may be engaging in: fair and equitable practice cultural competent practice cultural. oppression none of the above

cultural oppression

multicultural social work (MSW) practice can be defined as both a helping role and process that uses which of the following: - puts the power of the relationship into the hands of the social worker - defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients - negates the universal level of human existence and focuses primarily on the individual and group levels - traditional social work practice that emphasizes individualism and control

defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients

a culturally competent social worker is one who believes: - good social work practice regardless of clients' race or ethnicity - equal treatment may be discriminatory treatment - there is only one race- the human race - all of the above

equal treatment may be discriminatory treatment

the inclusive definition of multiculturalism believes that: - race is the only reference group included in the definition - culture is the only reference group included in the definition -reference groups related to race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, age, and socioeconomic status are included in the definition -none of the above

reference groups related to race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, age, and socioeconomic status are included in the definition

The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) defines cultural competence as: The degree to which one does not hold racist or sexist beliefs. One's ability to work in a racially diverse neighborhood. The process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures...that recognizes the values of worth...of each None of the above.

the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures...that recognizes the values of worth...of each

What has been found regarding racism and White identity? Multicultural competence is not related to White racial identity attitudes among White trainees. Trainees at different levels of White identity development should have the same set of goals. The more aware participants were aware of their White identity, the more likely they were to show racism. Women are less likely than men to be racist.

women are less likely than men to be racist