DM (Chapter 16)

Silex

a commercial product, silica-like material such as quartz and is used as an abrasive agent in the mouth.

Sand

a form of quartz and may be seen in various colors.

Chalk

a mineral form of calcite.

Emery

a natural form of aluminum oxide, and it looks like grayish-black sand. Commonly found on arbor bands that attach to a dental lathe for grinding custom trays and acrylic appliances.

Pumice

a silica-like, volcanic glass that is used as a polishing agent on enamel, gold foil, and dental amalgam and for finishing acrylic denture bases in the laboratory.

Tribology polishing two-body abrasive agent is affixed to what?

a wheel, bur or a rubber cup. (No polishing paste is necessary with this system).

Tin oxide

An extremely fine abrasive, is supplied as a white powder and is used as a final polishing agent for teeth and metallic restorations

Air powder polishing is designed to remove: a. Biofilm b. Biofilm and stain c. Calculus and stain d. Plaque and calculus

B

During routine polishing with pumice,_____μm of the fluoride-rich layer can be removed. a. 1 to 2 b. 3 to 4 c. 5 to 6 d. 7 to 8

B

Which abrasive is used as a slurry to polish amalgam restorations and is also called calcium carbonate? a. Silex b. Whiting c. Pumice d. Aluminum oxide

B

Which type of abrasive is produced from volcanoes and is used in the laboratory and on restorative materials, such as gold, amalgam, and gold foil? a. Aluminum oxide b. Pumice c. Zirconium silicate d. Sand

B

An example of a "vehicle" to be used with powders would be: a. Rubber cups b. Felt cones c. Glycerin d. Prophy brushes

C

Polishing involves using a series of finer and finer abrasives. It can also be accomplished by using the same abrasive material in a progression of larger to smaller grit. a. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. b. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.

C

The most frequently used abrasive in dentifrices is: a. Carbonates b. Pumice c. Silica d. Phosphates

C

Which of the following abrasives would most likely be found in a polishing agent for esthetic restorations? a. Pumice b. Calcium carbonate c. Diamond powder d. Emery

C

Sand, cuttle, garnet, & emery are all different grades of sandy-type materials that are all mostly bonded to a what?

Paper disc and used for different circumstances.

Cutting hand instruments like hoes and chisels are for what?

Refinement of the cavity wall.

Carbides can be used for what?

Smoother cutting, cutting thru metal, or removing decay.

What can fine diamond burs be used for?

To make smaller impact on the tooth.

Cloth wheel and brushes are used for what?

To polish indirect restorations prior to cementing them in the mouth, or to polish a temporary crown. Also used to polish dentures & partials as well as remove tenacious stain from removable protheses.

What can course diamond burs be used for?

To prep a tooth for a filling or crown.

What are hand instruments called spoons used for?

To remove caries that are close to the pulp.

Cutting burs are generally made of what?

Tungsten Carbide.

Chalk is a mineral form of

calcite. AKA - whiting or calcium carbonate.

When using clin-pro perlite particles convert from

course to fine in one paste. - starts out course then converts to finer particles after 15 seconds of use.

Rubber cups abrasive agents are embedded in the

cup.

Grit

describes the size of the abrasive particle. Finer abrasives are graded F, FF. When the particles are bonded to paper the grit is designated as O, OO, OOO.

Stones are mainly used in the

laboratory.

Cleaning agent

not abrasive and will not alter the surface characterization of enamel or esthetic restorative materials.

Three-body abrasion

occurs when abrasive particles move in a space between the surface being polished and the application device.

Facial emphysema

occurs when air is entrapped in the soft tissues of the head and neck.

Powers need water or glycerin to make the

paste.

Two-body abrasion

polishing the abrasive agent particles are solidly fixed to a substrate, such as a dental bur, disk, wheel, strips, or in rubber cups impregnated with abrasive agents that do not require polishing paste.

Silex is like a

quartz and is supplied in powder form then mixed with water to form a paste.

Cutting

refers to removing material by a shearing-off process. EX: milling, machining, or drilling.

Garnet

refers to several different minerals that have similar properties. EX: silicates of manganese, magnesium, iron, cobalt, & aluminum.

Hand cutting instruments are used for what?

removing calc, help to scoop out soft caries.

Bonded and coated abrasives are usually

rotary-powered used interproximally to remove overhanging restorations like rubbing something with sandpaper.

Diamond burs are bonded to the

shaft of the bur

Pumice is a

silica-like volcanic glass.

Disks or strips abrasive particles are bonded onto the

strips and discs

Tribology polishing three-body abrasive particles move in a space between the...

surface being polished and the application device. (Rubber cup, prophy paste, and tooth).

Abrasive

the material doing the "wearing" (abrading).

Polishing

the process of abrading a surface to eventually reduce the size of the scratches until the surface appears shiny.

Finishing

the process of producing the final shape and contour of a restoration.

Selective polishing

theory based on the fact that stain removal is not a therapeutic procedure and plaque removal can be performed by the patient.

Traditional air powder polishing

utilizes air, water, and a specially formulated polishing powder.

Tin oxide is in the form of

white powder and is mixed with water to form a paste.

What happens during polishing?

you go from large to smaller grit, heavy stain would require course pumice followed by prophy paste.

Abrasion

A wearing away or rubbing away of a surface.

Mrs. Smith presents for her prophylaxis appointment after a year, rather than the 6-month prescribed time. She has tobacco stain on the lingual surfaces of her natural teeth, two gold alloy crowns, and several esthetic restorations. Which combination of cleaning/polishing agents should be chosen? a. Traditional prophy paste, tin oxide, and a polishing agent for esthetic restorations b. Pumice, traditional prophy paste, and a polishing agent for esthetic restorations c. Traditional prophy paste, pumice, and tin oxide d. Silex, tin oxide, and a traditional prophy paste

A

When an abrasive on a dental restorative material is used, the abrasive action must be_____the surface you are abrading. a. Harder than b. Softer than c. Equal to d. Any abrasive material will be effective

A

Which of the following is harder than enamel? a. Pumice b. Amalgam c. Composite d. Gold alloy

A

Aluminum oxide

A common abrasive used in dentistry, and it has essentially replaced emery for several uses. Used in the form of disks and strips.

Tin oxide is used for what?

A final polishing agent amalgam restorations.

Pumice is used on

- enamel - gold - amalgam - acrylic - dentures

Tribology involves the principle of what 3 things?

- friction - lubrication - wear

Chalk is a mild abrasive used to polish what?

- teeth - gold - amalgam - plasic restorations.

Why do we polish teeth?

- to reduce adhesion - feel smooth - increases the esthetics - reduce corrosion on metal restorations

All of the following factors affect the rate of abrasion except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Pressure b. Speed c. Size of particle d. Bonded and coated abrasives

D

The process of producing the final shape and contour of a restoration is termed: a. Cutting b. Abrasion c. Polishing d. Finishing

D

The recommended prophylaxis pastes possess the properties of: a. High polish and high abrasion b. Low polish and high abrasion c. Low polish and low abrasion d. High polish and low abrasion

D

Which type of abrasive looks like a grayish-black sand and is sometimes called "corundum"? a. Tin oxide b. Garnet c. Pumice d. Emery E. Tripoli

D

Cuttle

Fine grade of quartz, bonded to paper disks and beige in color.

Rubber wheels or points-impregnated with an

abrasive material

Tungsten carbide burs

are made by packing powdered metal constituents into a mold and then sintering (materials for fixed indirect restorations and prostheses) at high temperatures.

Air abrasion

involves removing some tooth structure with a high-velocity stream of air that carries a very hard abrasive particle (aluminum oxide) as part of a restorative procedure.

Tribology

is the science of interacting surfaces in motion; it incorporates the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication, and wear.