DNA rep and protein synthesis

What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA?

1. DNA has thymine and RNA has Uracil. 2. DNA has two strands of nucleotides and RNA has only one. 3. DNA is in the nucleus and RNA leaves the nucleus.

Codon

A group of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Fill in the blanks to show the base sequence for the messenger RNA sequence formed from from the DNA during transcription. TACAAGTACTTGTTTCTT

AUGUUCAGAACAAAGAA

RNA polymerase

Enzyme that binds directly to a RNA molecule during transcription.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Form of RNA that is part of the structure of ribosomes.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Form of RNA that serves as a messenger from DNA to the rest of the cell.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Form of RNA that transfers amino acids to the ribosomes during the assembly of the protein.

Polypeptide

It is a chain of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.

Translation

Process by which nucleotides in the mRNA are decoded into sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Transcription

Process in which RNA is made.

RNA

Single stranded nucleic acid that contains uracil.

Explain the role of each of the forms of RNA in making a protein.

mRNA - messenger RNA: carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. tRNA - transfer RNA: acts like a shuttle bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome as needed. rRNA - ribosome RNA: Part of the ribosome (along with proteins).

What takes place during translation?

mRNA converts into a sequence of amino acids called polypeptide until a stop codon is released. Then it becomes a protein.

What takes place during transcription?

mRNA copies DNA code (in nucleus).

Using a chart (the one in the test review packet) write the amino acid sequence.

met/phe/met/asn/lys/glu