DNA RNA Protein Synthesis
What happens in transcription?
RNA polymerase binds to DNA and seperates the strands. Then, RNA polymerase uses one DNA strand to assemble a complementary strand of RNA
strands of dna are
complementary
A & T pair by
2 hydrogen bonds
C & G pair by
3 hydrogen bonds
nucleotide made of
5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, nitrogen base
C pairs with
G
A pairs with
T
Transcription occurs where
The nucleus
Does A go with T or U in RNA?
U
Translation occurs in
cytoplasm
Pyrimidine
cytosine and thymine
True or false: RNA is double stranded
false
True or false: replication only begins in one place
false. it begins in hundreds of places and continues in both directions
each codon is
a specific amino acid
Purine
adenine and guanine
each tRNA has a _ attached to one end and _ _ _ on the other
amino acid, 3 unpaired bases
3 unpaired bases on tRNA is
anticodon
Nucleosomes make
chromatin
What are genes?
coded DNA instructions to make proteins
mRNA is read in groups of 3 nucleotides which are called
codons
DNA ligase
like glue. connects the new sections together
DNA Polymerase
makes new sections of DNA using the old one as a template
mRNA
messenger RNA. carries instructions for making proteins from DNA to ribosomes
rungs of DNA "ladder"
nitrogen bases
a group of 8 histones wrapped in DNA is a
nucleosome
DNA monomer
nucleotide
RNA molecules carry instructions out of the _ into the _ where _ are created
nucleus, ribosomes, proteins
Main enzyme in DNA replication
polymerase
Histone
protein
nitrogen bases are either _ or _
purine or pyrimidine
rRNA
ribosomal RNA. combines with proteins to make RNA
each codon on the mRNA moves through the
ribosome
sides of DNA "ladder"
sugar and phosphate group
the proper amino acid is brought in by
tRNA
tRNA
transfer RNA. carries amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into proteins
True or false: RNA contains ribose
true
True or false: RNA contains uracil
true
True or false: The first step to decode the DNA is to copy the instructions into RNA
true
True or false: anticodons are complementary to their codon
true
True or false: one strand of DNA can be used as a template to make the other strand
true
DNA Helicase
unzips the DNA double helix
Translation is
when info on RNA is used to make proteins
Transcription is
when info on the DNA is used to make RNA
