Domain 4
An athlete is recovering from a partial meniscectomy performed 5 days ago. Which of the following actions would be appropriate at this time: -Achilles stretching -four quadrant straight leg raises -stationary bike with no resistance -eccentric quadriceps strengthening -hip flexor strengthening
-Achilles stretching -four quadrant straight leg raises -stationary bike with no resistance -hip flexor strengthening
Which of the following are contraindications for electrical stimulation electrode placement? -across the heart -over acute thrombophlebitis -lower back to control labor pains -over the temples -directly over the spine
-across the heart -over acute thrombophlebitis -over the temples -directly over the spine
The effects of treating a subacute musculoskeletal injury with a warm whirlpool include all of the following? -analgesia -stimulation of local circulation -decreased muscle spasm -increased deep tissue temperature -decreased joint stiffness
-analgesia -stimulation of local circulation -decreased muscle spasm -decreased joint stiffness
"Rehabilitation" includes which of the following components: -assessment of level of function/dysfunction -organization and interpretation of evaluation results -formulation of patient problems -establishment of long and short term goals -diagnosis of patient's condition
-assessment of level of function/dysfunction -organization and interpretation of evaluation results -formulation of patient problems -establishment of long and short term goals
Indications for ultrasound include which of the following? -bursitis -fasciitis -acute hemorrhage -plantar warts -tendinitis
-bursitis -fasciitis -plantar warts -tendinitis
Which of the following are indications for the use of a warm whirl pool? -cleaning large open wounds -relieving pain -initial edema reduction -increasing range of motion -relaxation
-cleaning large open wounds (hospital use) -relieving pain -increasing range of motion -relaxation
Which of the following test for glenohumeral instability: -clunk test -anterior apprehension -anterior glide -load and shift -neer's test
-clunk test -anterior apprehension -anterior glide -load and shift
Heat is dissipated in the body by which of the following? -shivering -convection -the lungs -sweat evaporation -vasodilation
-convection -the lungs -sweat evaporation -vasodilation
Cognitive function may be affected by which of the following: -dehydration -malnutrition -abnormal body temperature -depression -medication
-dehydration -malnutrition -abnormal body temperature -medication
Physiological adaptations of the respiratory system during aerobic endurance training include which of the following? -reduced submaximal heart rate -enhanced oxygen exchange within the lungs -decreased submaximal pulmonary ventilation -improved circulation throughout the lungs
-enhanced oxygen exchange within the lungs -decreased submaximal pulmonary ventilation -improved circulation throughout the lungs
Which of the following are contraindications for the use of aquatic therapy: -excessive fear of water -open wounds -athletes unable to tread water -urinary tract infection -skin infections
-excessive fear of water -open wounds -urinary tract infection -skin infections
Treatment for facet dysfunction consists of which of the following: -facet joint mobilization -passive rotation -pelvic rock exercises -McKenzie extension exercises -abdominal strengthening
-facet joint mobilization -passive rotation -pelvic rock exercises -abdominal strengthening
Which of the following muscles are the primary muscles involved when performing a resisted wrist curl? -flexor digitorum longus -flexor digiti minimi -adductor pollicis -flexor carpi radialis -flexor carpi ulnaris -brachialis
-flexor carpi radialis -flexor carpi ulnaris
Treatment of "snapping hip" syndrome includes which of the following: -ice and NSAIDs -biomechanical correction -flexibility exercises -excision of the greater tuberosity in severe cases -instruction in proper training techniques
-ice and NSAIDs -biomechanical correction -flexibility exercises -instruction in proper training techniques
It is important to set specific short- and long-term goals when developing a treatment program. Goals serve which of the following purposes: -insure full reimbursement from a third-party payer -identify outcomes -measure the effectiveness of the treatment protocol -establish timeliness of the treatment program -allows the athlete to be part of the treatment
-identify outcomes -measure the effectiveness of the treatment protocol -establish timeliness of the treatment program -allows the athlete to be part of the treatment
When rehabilitating an athlete following a lumbar strain, the athletic trainer should emphasize the significance of having the athlete improve the flexibility of which of the following structures: -abdominals -iliopsoas -paraspinals -hamstrings -hip extensors
-iliopsoas -paraspinals -hamstrings -hip extensors
Which of the following are contraindications to massage? -inflammation -pregnancy -hemorrhage -infection -phlebitis
-inflammation -hemorrhage -infection -phlebitis
Which of the following muscles are involved in a seated row exercise? -latissimus dorsi -teres minor -teres major -middle trapezius -rhomboids -pectoralis major
-latissimus dorsi -teres major -middle trapezius -rhomboids
Which of the following principles must be considered before the athletic trainer begins an activity designed to improve balance: -multiple planes of motion must be stressed. -activities must progress to sport specific. -activity should incorporate a unisensory approach. -exercises must be safe but challenging.
-multiple planes of motion must be stressed. -activities must progress to sport specific. -exercises must be safe but challenging.
When developing a functional progression for an athlete who is undergoing a rehabilitation program, which of the following factors need to be considered: -physician's expectations for athlete's return to play -athlete's expectation for return to play -severity of the injury -length of the rehab program -athletes position in the sport
-physician's expectations for athlete's return to play -athlete's expectation for return to play -severity of the injury -length of the rehab program
Contraindications to cervical traction include which of the following? -positive vertebral artery test -positive alar ligament test -disc herniation -increased radicular symptoms with treatment -nystagmus
-positive vertebral artery test -positive alar ligament test -increased radicular symptoms with treatment -nystagmus
Which of the following muscle groups are involved during a full squat with weights? -quadriceps -hamstrings -erector spinae -middle deltoid -gluteus maximus -serratus anterior
-quadriceps -hamstrings -erector spinae -gluteus maximus
Which of the following are contraindications for using cryotherapy? -raynaud's phenomenon -inflammation -vasculitis -cold urticaria
-raynaud's phenomenon -vasculitis -cold urticaria
Which of the following muscles form the pes anserinus muscle group: -semimembranosus -semitendinosis -gracilis -sartorius
-semitendinosis -gracilis -sartorius
Which of the following PNF techniques are strengthening techniques? -slow reversal -rhythmic stabilization -slow-reversal-hold-relax -rhythmic initiation -all the above
-slow reversal -rhythmic stabilization -rhythmic initiation -all the above
During rehabilitation, closed chain exercises are recommended because they which of the following: -stimulate proprioceptors -increase joint stability -isolate a specific muscle group for strengthening -reduce shear forces -increase muscle co-contraction
-stimulate proprioceptors -increase joint stability -reduce shear forces -increase muscle co-contraction
Before returning an athlete to full activity, all of the following criteria should equal those taken from the uninvolved side at the end of the rehabilitation program: -strength of each muscle group -girth measurements at 6" above/below joint line -proprioception of both extremities -flexibility of uninvolved muscle groups
-strength of each muscle group -proprioception of both extremities -flexibility of uninvolved muscle groups
Which of the following are indications of ice massage? -subacute injuries -contusions -anesthetized skin -muscle spasms -overuse injuries
-subacute injuries -contusions -muscle spasms -overuse injuries
If the patient complains of a burning sensation during an ultrasound treatment, which of the following may be the source of the problem? -the intensity is too high -not enough ultrasound medium is used -too much ultrasound medium is used -the movement of the transducer head is too slow
-the intensity is too high -not enough ultrasound medium is used -the movement of the transducer head is too slow
External muscular force available for useful work is the result of which factors? -the velocity of muscular shortening -whether the muscle is fast or slow twitch -the angle of the pull of the muscle -the length of the muscle
-the velocity of muscular shortening -the angle of the pull of the muscle -the length of the muscle
What phycological effects occur under the cathode of an electrical stimulator? -vasodilation -vasoconstriction -tissue softening -irritation
-vasodilation -tissue softening -irritation
One of your basketball players often complains about localized lumbar "backaches". After performing your evaluation on this patient, it appears his primary problem is postural. Which of the following actions should the patient take to prevent low back pain? -when standing for long periods of time, rest one foot on a stool is available. -avoid sleeping in side-lying positions with the knees slightly bent. -carry objects at waist level when possible. -sit on chairs with a firm seat and straight back -keep his abdominals strong.
-when standing for long periods of time, rest one foot on a stool is available. -carry objects at waist level when possible. -sit on chairs with a firm seat and straight back -keep his abdominals strong.
At what concentrations is topical hydrocortisone available over the counter?
0.25% and 1%
When using fluidotherapy, the treatment temperature range is normally at what temperatures?
100°F to 113°F
Paraffin bath therapy is commonly used on the hands and feet as a method of superficial heating. To keep the paraffin mixture in a molten state, the temperature should be between: -100°F to 115°F -80°F to 105°F -126°F to 130°F -118°F to 125°F -140°F to 150°F
126°F to 130°F
Bracing for scoliosis of the spine may be effective with all ages EXCEPT: -5 year olds -10 year olds -18 year olds -14 year olds -bracing is not effective at any age
18 year olds
How long does it take for a patient's heartrate to plateau at a given level during a cardiorespiratory training session?
2 to 3 minutes
Delayed-onset muscle soreness normally occurs how long after a strenuous exercise session?
24 to 72 hours after exercise
How quickly may the adaptations in skeletal muscle reverse if strength training is discontinued or interrupted during rehabilitation?
48 hours
Conventional TENS uses a frequency in the ______ pulses per second range with a phase duration of ______ µseconds. -50 to 100, 250 -50 to 100, 2 to 50 -2 to 4, >150 ->100, 20 to 30 -<10, 50
50 to 100, 2 to 50
When following the DAPRE technique of progressive resistive exercise, the first set of 10 repetitions is performed with a weight that is _____ of the weight that will be lifted in set 3. -10% -25% -100% -75% -50%
50%
If an athlete need to lose weight for health reasons, how many calories must their daily diet be reduced by in order to lose 1 to 2 pounds per week? -250 to 500 calories/day -1000 to 2000 calories/week -1000 to 2000 calories/day -500 to 1000 calories/day -none of the above
500 to 1000 calories/day
What is the temperature range of an ice bath?
50°F to 60°F
During the acute phase of an ankle injury, the water temperature of a whirlpool should be set at what temperature? -37°C to 37.7°C -55°F to 65°F -30°F to 35°F -70°F to 80°F -40°C to 50°C
55°F to 65°F
Which of the following pairs are chemically identical? -Diazepam, Skelaxin -Cimetidine, Tagamet -Triacetin, Tinactin -Tetracaine, Lanacane -Ibuprofen, Naprosyn
Cimetidine, Tagamet
"Like charges repel while unlike charges attract each other". This is known as what law?
Coulomb's law
One of your male patients notices tingling sensations in his urethra followed by a discharge of greenish yellow puss from his penis. He is also complaining of pain during urination. You suspect which sexually transmitted disease ad recommend which of the following actions? -Syphilis; have the patient take Zovirax for 7 to 10 days. -Trichomoniasis; have the patient drink acidic fluids, call his family physician, have the patient refrain from all sexual contact. -Genital candidiasis; have the patient apply a fungicide to his penis. -Gonorrhea; refer the patient to a physician and have him refrain from all sexual contact. - Genital herpes; have the patient take Diflucan
Gonorrhea; refer the patient to a physician and have him refrain from all sexual contact.
The most common form of hyperthyroidism identified by tremors, weakness, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, and facial/eye tics is known as what?
Graves' Disease
When rehabilitating a patient with a recent herniated lumbar disc, which of the following exercises are most appropriate? -William's flexion exercises -McKenzie extension exercises -Lumbar stabilization exercises -Posterior pelvic tilts and knee-to-chest exercises -PNF stretching exercises
McKenzie extension exercises
Which of the following medications is NOT a medication that could predispose an athlete to heat illness? -decongestants -antihistamines -NSAIDs -diuretics -beta-adrenergic blocker
NSAIDs
An athletic trainer working in a sport medicine clinic may have to read a SOAP note. In what section would a finding such as a positive Lachman's test be recorded?
Objective (O)
Which of the following proton pump inhibitors is an over-the-counter medication? -Nexium -Prilosec -Prevacid -Protonix -Aciphex
Prilosec
Which of the following sequences contains the appropriate step in rehabilitating a grade II ankle sprain? -RICE, stretching Achilles tendon, isometric exercises, proprioceptive exercises, isotonic exercises. -RICE, isotonic exercises, hopping exercises, stretching the Achilles tendon, active range of motion. -RICE, isotonic exercises, isokinetic exercises, active range of motion. -RICE, treadmill ambulation, active range of motion, figure 8 exercises, stretching of the Achilles tendon, foot intrinsic. -none of the above.
RICE, stretching Achilles tendon, isometric exercises, proprioceptive exercises, isotonic exercises.
What is a vascular reaction to cold that results in a white, red, or blue discoloration of the extremities?
Raynaud's phenomenon
______ is a type of electrotherapy used to reeducate muscles.
Russian
Which of the following medications has antipyretic properties? -Tylenol -Aspirin -Benadryl -Codeine
Tylenol and Aspirin
What is the trade or brand name of the drug hydrocodone? -Darvocet-N100 -Percocet -Demerol -Codeine -Vicodin
Vicodin
What are the most appropriate exercises for a diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis? -Kegel exercises -McKenzie extension exercises -Lumbar stabilization exercises -Postural awareness exercises -William's flexion exercises
William's flexion exercises
What type of brace is used after rehabilitation?
a functional brace
What must the athletic trainer establish with the athlete prior to and during the rehabilitation in order for the rehabilitation of an injured athlete to be successful? -a good rapport -a position of dominance -a deadline by which the athlete must return to full-time participation in their sport -the understanding that the coach has the final decision in his or her rehabilitation session
a good rapport
The athletic trainer of a collegiate women's swimming and diving team suspects one of his patients might have a severe eating disorder. After lengthy discussions with both the coach and patient, the athletic trainer decides it would be best for the patient if she is referred for professional help. To which of the following professionals should the patient be initially referred to? -endocrinologist -chiropractor -registered dietitian -registered nurse -psychologist
a psychologist
Which of the following is NOT an example of an isotonic device? -free weights -a total gym -a squat rack -wall pulleys -a wall
a wall
The D2 flexion pattern of the hip works what group of muscles?
abductors, flexors, external rotators
What medium does not transmit ultrasound waves? -water -gel -body lotion -steroid creams -air
air
Hans Selye's phenomenon of the general adaptation syndrome, what occurs when an individual responds to a stressful situation, includes what 3 stages of the stress response?
alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage
Isotonic external rotation of the glenohumeral joint during shoulder rehabilitation focuses on what muscles? -infraspinatus -teres minor -posterior deltoid -all the above -none of the above
all the above
Which of the following massage techniques is a method of tapotement? -cupping -hacking -pinching -all the above -none of the above
all the above
A dry and unproductive cough is most often cause by which of the following? -lung infection -bronchitis -allergies -pneumothorax -cancer
allergies
Which of the following conditions in NOT indicated for mechanical traction? -an acute interspinous sprain -degenerative joint disease -herniated discs or protrusions -degenerative disc disease -muscle spasm
an acute interspinous sprain
Pediculosis is most effectively treated with which of the following? -mouthwash -an antibiotic -time -an antifungal -a parasiticide
an parasiticide
Which of the muscle groups listed below are involved during a bench press? -anterior deltoid -rhomboids -triceps -pectoralis major -latissimus dorsi -upper trapezius
anterior deltoid triceps pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
The condition intertrigo is treated by what?
application of a cold compress, cleaning the area with mild soap and water, followed by the application of a soothing ointment
Why is the repair response so limited in the articular cartilage of a joint after an injury in the adult athlete? -articular cartilage cells do not undergo mitosis in mature athletes -articular cartilage has poor venous supply -articular cartilage has a low water content -there are fewer mitochondria present in articular cartilage than in hyaline cartilage -all the above
articular cartilage cells do not undergo mitosis in mature athletes
A patient presents with insidious pain along the posterior aspect of the thigh. Which of the following steps should be performed first by the athletic trainer? -palpate the muscle bellies of the posterior thigh -ask how and when the pain started -manual muscle test the hamstring -perform a functional test -assess the sensation of the hip
ask how and when the pain started
How often should an ultrasound unit be calibrated to ensure the safe application of ultrasound?
at least once a year
Massage can be used as an effective modality to control pain because it activates which of the following? -central nervous system and chemosensitive receptors -parasympathetic nervous system and mechanosensitive receptors -parasympathetic nervous system and pacinian receptors -autonomic nervous system and pacinian receptors -autonomic nervous system and chemosensitive receptors
autonomic nervous system and pacinian receptors
A patient presents to the athletic training facility complaining of a sore spot on the back of his neck. It appears as a dark red, hard area, which later develops as a lesion discharging yellowish-red pus from numerous areas. The athletic trainer suspects the patient has what type of infection? -viral -fungal -systemic -parasitic -bacterial
bacterial
When stretching during a warm-up routine, which type of stretching should not be encouraged because it may lead to an injury?
ballistic stretching
Where is a Morton's neuroma most commonly located?
between the third and fourth metatarsals
What is an upward force experienced by a body in a fluid that acts in the opposite direction of gravity and is responsible for the feeling of weightlessness in water?
buoyancy
Which of the following is NOT an indication for diathermy? -increase local circulation -reduction of spasm -pain relief -cardiac abnormalities -osteoarthritis
cardiac abnormalities
Articular cartilage has limited ability to heal because of what reason?
cartilage has limited or no direct blood supply
What should the athletic trainer do when teaching a patient how to properly use crutches? -make sure the patient's weight is fully supported on their hands and armpits. -caution the patient not to lean on the crutches so that their weight is on the crutches axillary pads. -teach them how to use a cane first. -teach the patient a 4-point gait. -teach the patient a 5-point gait.
caution the patient not to lean on the crutches so that their weight is on the crutches axillary pads
Which of the following is the correct sequence of tissue healing? -cellular response, regeneration, remodeling -remodeling, regeneration, cellular response -rejection, regeneration, resolution -regeneration, resolution, remodeling -none of the above
cellular response, regeneration, remodeling
A type of training that employs a series of stations that consist of various combinations of weight training, flexibility, calisthenics, and brief aerobic exercise is known as what?
circuit training
An involuntary muscle contraction characterized by alternate contraction and relaxation in rapid succession is known as which of the following? -tonic contraction -alternating contraction -eccentric contraction -clonic contraction -phasic contraction
clonic contraction
What are the 4 sensations an athlete will experience with the application of cryotherapy? -cold, burning, cramping, numbness -pain, aching, stinging, cold -aching, burning, pain, numbness -cold, burning, aching, numbness -cold, burning, stinging, aching
cold, burning, aching, numbness
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of an opioid analgesic? -constipation -headache -stomach upset -diarrhea -anxiety
constipation
what kind of heating method does a warm whirlpool utilize? -conduction -convection -radiation -evaporation -all the above
convection
A patient needs instruction on how to properly perform an abdominal sit-up. What should the athletic trainer recommend?
cross your arms across the chest, tuck the chin, bend the knees, inhale, then exhale as you pull the torso up towards the knees
What involves the use of ice or a cold spray before performing a stretch?
cryostretch
Which of the following describes a neurapraxia? -demyelination of the axon sheath that leads to a conduction block. usually heals in approximately 1 to 2 weeks. -loss or disruption of the axon and myelin sheath. the epineurium is still intact. -an injury to the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium with a permanent neurological deficit. -a crush injury to a nerve causing damage to the epineurium. the perineurium is intact. -none of the above
demyelination of the axon sheath that leads to a conduction block. usually heals in approximately 1 to 2 weeks.
______ and ______ are 2 medications that can be combined with using iontophoresis.
dexamethasone and lidocaine
What is the term used in ultrasound to describe the time that sound waves are being emitted during one pulse period? -ultrasound frequency -cavitation -attenuation -duty cycle -intensity
duty cycle
What is air hunger marked by labored or difficult breathing called? -dysuria -dystrophy -diaphoresis -dysphagia -dyspnea
dyspnea
A tight Achilles tendon can cause ______ or ______ in order to allow the lower leg to move over the foot during running.
early heel off or excessive pronation
The female athletic triad describes the simultaneous presence of which of the following? -eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis -depression, PMS, and osteoporosis -MCL/ACL sprain with meniscal tear -dysmenorrhea, eating disorder, and osteoporosis
eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
Descending hills during running requires what type of muscular contraction by the quadriceps to decelerate the body? -positive -concentric -isokinetic -isometric -eccentric
eccentric
What are heat-producing currents in the body that are formed by a magnetic field that is externally applied in short-wave diathermy called? -induction currents -magnetic currents -eddy currents -alternating currents -interferential currents
eddy currents
Which is NOT a thermal effect of ultrasound? -increased blood flow -secretion of chemotactic -reduction of muscle spasm -edema reduction -muscular heating
edema reduction
When massage is utilized to induce a sedative effect, which type of massage technique is indicated?
effleurage
The athletic trainer should look for all of the following features when purchasing a stationary bike EXCEPT: -a comfortable seat -an easily modified work load -good construction -an on-board computer for easy programming -adjustable to fit all athletes
everything except an on-board computer for easy programming
Polydipsia is known as what?
excessive thirst
A swimmer reports to the athletic training facility complaining of symptoms related to Scheurmann's disease. Which type of exercises are beneficial in trying to diminish the symptoms during the early stages of the disease?
extension and postural exercises
Which cells are active after an injury to begin building collagen? -osteocytes -osteoblasts -granulocytes -osteoclasts -fibroblast
fibroblast
During a lower extremity D1 flexion PNF pattern, what movements are taking place at the hip?
flexion, adduction, external rotation
Which of the following exercises should be avoided in the early stages (phase 1) of anterior cruciate reconstruction rehabilitation? -full knee extension exercises -resisted hip abduction -toe raises -hamstring curls -isometric contraction of the quadriceps
full knee extension exercises
What is one of the most serious adverse reactions during iontophoresis treatment? -galvanic burns -anaphylactic shock -dermatitis -histamine reaction -none of the above
galvanic burns
Which is defined as an uninterrupted direct currant? -interferential current -microcurrent -galvanic current -pulsed current -none of the above
galvanic current
High-voltage pulsed stimulation may be used as an adjunct treatment in controlling acute and chronic pain through what 2 mechanisms?
gate control and opiate release mechanism
Which of the following statements accurately describes isokinetic training? -generation of a muscular force with no visible joint movement. -generation of a muscular force with visible joint movement that occurs at a constant speed but with variable external resistance. -generation of a muscular force with visible joint movement at a variable speed but with a fixed external resistance. -generation of a muscle force during muscular lengthening. -none of the above
generation of a muscular force with visible joint movement that occurs at a constant speed but with variable external resistance.
The term dexamethasone is the ______ name of this medication.
generic name
Which of the following is the most effective motivator for compliance to rehabilitation of an athletic injury? -coercion -bribery -fear -collaboration -goal setting
goal setting
Sensory receptors located at the musculotendinous junction, which monitor active tension generated by the muscle during a contraction, are called: -pacinian corpuscles -ruffini receptors -golgi tendon organs -muscle spindles -contractile sensory receptors
golgi tendon organs
According to Maitland's 5 grades of joint motion, which grade would be most appropriate when joint movement is limited by pain and spasm?
grade 1
The rate at which a drug disappears from the body through metabolism, excretion, or both is known as what?
half-life
When rehabilitating a patient who has undergone an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which of the following muscle groups must be strengthened to support the graft? -triceps surae -hip adductors -quadriceps -gluteals -hamstrings
hamstrings
A cross-country runner comes to you because he would like to begin a strength-training program for general body development. He informs you that he "has never really lifted weights before". How would you instruct him regarding his breathing pattern during a lift?
have the athlete inhale deeply at the beginning of the lift and then forcefully exhale at the end of the lift
When rehabilitating a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome, what muscle group should be strengthened?
hip adductors, quadriceps
______ and ______ are important qualities that an athletic trainer must possess when counseling a patient during a time of distress. -honesty, respect -sympathy, pity -confidence, logic -objectivity, decisiveness -logic, detachment
honesty and respect
Which of the following is NOT a factor in designing an appropriate treatment program? -the stage of tissue healing -pain with joint motion -the severity of the injury -how soon the coach needs the athlete to return
how soon the coach needs the athlete to return
Which of the following devices is more effective in decreasing skin temperature during a cryotherapy treatment? -microwavable pack -chemical spray -cold towel -ice pack -fan
ice pack
Which modality would be best utilized if the desired therapeutic effect is to decrease pain, edema, and inflammation? -moist heat pack -ultrasound -diathermy -fluidotherapy -ice packs
ice packs
What should a post season conditioning program specifically focus on? -endurance activities -strengthening and flexibility exercises -sport specific activities -identifying and improving the areas of conditioning in which the athlete is deficient -all the above
identifying and improving the areas of conditioning in which the athlete is deficient
When is the best time to begin a rehabilitation program after an injury?
immediately
When rehabilitating an athlete following a ligamentous wrist injury, once the ligament has healed enough where active motion can be initiated, it is important to educate the athlete to exercise only: -isometrically -in water -while using a prophylactic brace -first thing in the morning -in a pain free range
in a pain free range
What does "extension lag" mean?
inability to fully extend the knee
A moist heat pack causes which of the following effects: -higher superficial tissue temperatures -increase in muscle tissue temperatures -sedation -reduction of muscle spasms -vasodilation
increase in muscle tissue temperatures
If hyperventilation does not adequately increase the oxygen supply in the blood during aerobic exercise, what must occur to meet the gas exchange demands? -increased cardiac output -decreased cardiac output -supplemental iron pills must be provided -the activity must be discontinued -none of the above
increased cardiac output
A patient is seen by the athletic trainer 4 weeks postoperatively after shoulder arthroscopy. During the athletic trainer's assessment, it is found that the patient has limited abduction secondary to capsular stiffness. Which of the following glide would be appropriate to improve this motion? -inferior humeral glide -anterior humeral glide -posterior humeral glide -superior humeral glide -all the above/ combined glides
inferior humeral glide
The amount of power generated by an ultrasound unit is defined as what?
intensity
Electrical stimulating currents are classified into 3 categories. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories? -interferential current -direct current -pulsed current -alternating current -galvanic current
interferential current
Which positions must be avoided when rehabilitating an athlete who has posterior instability of the glenohumeral joint?
internal rotation with horizontal adduction and flexion
Which physical law is applied with the use of an infrared lamp? -Joule's law -Inverse square law -Wolff's law -Ohm's law -Newton's law
inverse square law
Which modality results in the movement of ions into the body through the use of an electrical current?
iontophoresis
Which of the following pieces of equipment is NOT considered closed kinetic chain? -treadmill -leg press machine -upper body ergometer -isokinetic knee extension machine -BAPS board
isokinetic knee extension machine
Which of the following types of exercise can produce a spike in systolic blood pressure that can result in a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular accident? -isometric -plyometric -isotonic -eccentric -isokinetic
isometric
What type of exercise may be safely initiated immediately after knee surgery? -closed-chain eccentric exercises -isotonic exercises -isometric exercises -functional exercises -none of the above
isometric exercises
The progression for strengthening exercises is usually in what order? -isometric, isokinetic, isotonic, plyometric -isokinetic, isometric, plyometric, isotonic -isotonic, plyometric, isokinetic, isometric -isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, plyometric -plyometric, isometric, isotonic, isokinetic
isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, plyometric
The use of a reusable cold pack may significantly increase the possibility of frostbite because of what reason?
it may lower the skin temperature below freezing point
Contraindications for joint mobilization include all of the following EXCEPT: -acute inflammation -osteoporosis -malignancy -infection -joint hypomobility
joint hypomobility
which of the following is an example of muscle spindle activity? -nystagmus -Babinski's reflex -Knee jerk reflex -Moro's reflex -none of the above
knee jerk reflex
Which of the following describes a grade III joint mobilization technique? -small amplitude movement at the end range. -large amplitude movement throughout the full available range of motion of the joint. -small amplitude movement in the beginning of the range of motion. -thrusting movement done at the anatomical limits of the joint. -none of the above
large amplitude movement throughout the full available range of motion of the joint
Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation? -cyanosis -loss of function -cold skin -numbness -none of the above
loss of function
Which of the following types of electrical stimulators is considered "subsensory"? -interferential stimulator -low-intensity stimulator -TENS -diathermy -high-intensity stimulator
low-intensity stimulator
Although ice bags are the most commonly used modality in the treatment of acute injuries, a drawback of this modality is which of the following? -they leak easily -they take longer to cool the skin than reusable ice packs -machines are expensive and cost may be too prohibitive -ice takes a long time to make on a regular basis -ice machines tend to be unreliable
machines are expensive and cost may be too prohibitive
An excessive valgus force to the knee may result in an injury to what ligament?
medial collateral ligament
When palpating the knee joint after an injury, the athletic trainer should be sure to palpate which of the following structures? -ASIS -navicular -medial condyle of the femur -tibial crest -dorsalis pedis
medial condyle of the femur
Although no cure exists for myasthenia gravis, medical treatment to minimize the symptoms include which of the following? -medications that act on the neuromuscular junction -cold laser -skeletal muscle relaxants -radiation -antipyretic drugs
medications that act on the neuromuscular junction
When using shortwave diathermy, which of the following objects should NOT be located within the treatment area? -towels -wooden treatment tables -container of ultrasound gel -swill balls and theraband -metal stools
metal stools
Which of the following modalities should be used sparingly, if at all, with a patient who has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis? -cold whirlpool -interferential current -TENS -ice pack -moist heat packs
moist heat packs
Which of the following actions may help to decrease skin-electrode resistance when performing an electrotherapy treatment? -moisten the electrode with water -cool the skin first with ice -place on skin that has excessive hair -use a plastic mesh cloth electrode -apply body lotion on the skin
moisten the electrode with water
High-voltage pulsed monophasic generators deliver current to deep tissues without damaging superficial tissues and are used for pain modulation. What type of waveform is used with this type of stimulator? -asymmetrical biphasic spiked pulse -monophasic squared pulse -symmetrical biphasic pulses -monophasic spike delivered in pairs -none of the above
monophasic spike delivered in pairs
Which of the following is a manual technique in which an injured patient's muscles are actively contracted against a counterforce in a specific position? -myofascial release -muscle energy technique -joint mobilization -strain counterstain -multi angle isokinetic
muscle energy technique
What is a primary indication for cervical traction? -muscle spasm -hemorrhage -muscle weakness -vertigo -none of the above
muscle spasm
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to the use of diathermy? -acute inflammation and joint effusion -muscle spasms -pregnancy -open wounds
muscle spasms
Upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercises are used primarily for strengthening and improving proprioception of what structures?
muscles that stabilize the shoulder girdle
Which term refers to a group of techniques used for the purpose of relieving soft tissue from the abnormal grip of tight fascia?
myofascial release
A stretch injury to a nerve resulting in transient symptoms of paresthesia and weakness is known as what? -neurotmesis -neurapraxia -neurofibromatosis -nerve gliding -myopraxia
neurapraxia
What is the efferent response to sensory information called? -kinesthesia -neuromuscular control -proprioception -coordination -parathesia
neuromuscular control
What type of fracture fails to heal spontaneously within a normal time frame? -malunion -oblique -osteogenesis -nonunion -spiral
nonunion
Treatment for cystic fibrosis includes what?
nutritional counseling/modification, pulmonary therapies to clear secretion, antibiotics
A patient presents with an acute injury of the foot and has an antalgic gait pattern. What should you do first?
observe and palpate the injured area for gross deformity and point tenderness
When advising a patient about his year-long strength-training program, the athletic trainer should have the patient limit their heavy lifting workouts to what period?
off-season/preseason
Bone grows via a process of apposition and resorption on its surface. Which cells are responsible for the absorption of bone during its growth or repair?
osteoclast
Two exercises that are designed to stabilize the lumbar spine during low back rehabilitation include ______ and ______. -single leg to chest, double knee to chest -hamstring stretching, bridging exercises -partial sit ups, active trunk extensions prone -resisted hip abduction exercises, IT band stretching -hamstring stretching, piriformis strengthening
partial sit-ups and active trunk extensions in prone
When the length of a muscle prevents full range of motion at the joint or joints over which muscle crosses, it is know as what? -adhesive capsulitis -passive insufficiency -hypomobility -muscle contracture -none of the above
passive insufficiency
______ is a method of massage that involves the lifting and kneading of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle with the fingers or hands.
petrissage
______ and ______ are 2 means that deliver medication via sound waves and electricity. -ultrasound, iontophoresis -ultrasound, phonophoresis -micromassage, phonophoresis -phonophoresis, iontophoresis -high-volt e-stim, iontophoresis
phonophoresis and iontophoresis
What is a form of exercise that helps develop eccentric control during dynamic movement? -isometric -PNF -hydraulic training -isokinetics -plyometrics
plyometrics
The athletic trainer should perform which test for posterior cruciate ligament laxity?
posterior drawer test
All of the following are routes of drug administration EXCEPT: -oral -topical -parenteral -sublingual -pressurization
pressurization
What conditioning component is needed to perceive the position of the foot as it lands on the ground after the swing phase of gait?
proprioception
Which of the following components of a rehabilitation program is most often overlooked by the athletic trainer during rehabilitation? -endurance -flexibility -proprioception -functional testing prior to returning to sport -strength
proprioception
Balance and coordination are critical for athletic performance. Feedback from the muscles as to what they are doing during a particular activity is known as ______. The area of the brain that assists in controlling movement is the ______. -proprioception, brain stem -muscle perception, medulla -kinesthesia, cortex -proprioception, cerebellum -kinesthesia, cerebrum
proprioception, cerebellum
Which of the following structures is responsible for relaying information regarding muscle dynamics to the conscious and subconscious parts of the central nervous system? -muscle spindle -proprioceptors -golgi tendon organs -type III muscle fiber -brain stem
proprioceptors
When using massage to reduce edema in an extremity, the athletic trainer should begin the technique _____ and move ______.
proximally to distally
When rehabilitating a patient who has been diagnosed with "jumper's knee", which muscle group should eventually be strengthened? -hamstrings -quadriceps -hip adductors -hip extensors -triceps surae
quadriceps
When rehabilitating a musculoskeletal injury, what is the proper progression of treatment? -range of motion, strength, endurance, proprioception -pain relief, agility, range of motion, strength -range of motion, pain relief, endurance, proprioception -range of motion, endurance, strength, proprioception -proprioception, range of motion, strength, endurance
range of motion, strength, endurance, proprioception
Which of the following exercises does NOT address proprioception? -recumbent stationary bicycling -mini-trampoline exercises -stork-standing exercises with eyes open -treadmill exercises -all the above
recumbent stationary bicycling
Pain occurring at a site distant to damaged tissue that does not follow the course of a peripheral nerve describes what type of pain?
referred pain
Ultrasound waves are reflected by ______ and absorbed by ______. -bone, skin -skin, connective tissue -skin, blood -bone, muscle -nerve, muscle
reflected by bone and absorbed by muscle
A dynamic program of prescribed exercise for preventing or reversing the destructive effects of inactivity while returning an individual to their former level of competition is known as what?
rehabilitation or reconditioning
Knee braces can be classified as either functional, prophylactic, or rehabilitative. Which type of brace might be worn for 1 to 2 weeks after a grade II medial collateral ligament tear?
rehabilitative
Ultrasound is based on the ______ effect. -resonance -sounding -cavitation -phoresor -reverse piezoelectric
reverse piezoelectric
When rehabilitating an athlete, goal setting influences performance by increasing confidence levels and reducing anxiety. Which of the following is NOT a specific type of goal that is found in the goal setting literature? -subjective goals -general objective outcome goals -specific objective/performance goals -process goals -reward based goals
reward based goals
Strengthening of which muscle is vital to throwing athletes? -lower traps -pectineus -serratus posterior -obliques -rhomboids
rhomboids
What is a protective spasm of the muscular abdominal wall called?
rigidity
What occurs during a joint mobilization technique when a convex surface moves on a concave surface?
roll and glide occur in opposite directions
Which of the following is the only NSAID used topically in the US? -salicylate -ibuprofen -meloxicam -celebrex -naproxen na
salicylate
Where is the primary location for adenosine triphosphate production in skeletal muscles?
sarcomere
When rehabilitating a shoulder, in what area should strengthening exercises be initiated first? -rotator cuff musculature -cervical musculature -scapular musculature -shoulder abductors, flexors, and internal rotators
scapular musculature
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication or precaution for the use of ultrasound? -scarring -acute hemorrhage -anesthesia -treating over the endocrine gland -open wounds
scarring
A basketball player who has sprained her ankle for the second time in three months reports to the athletic training facility for her third treatment session. The athletic trainer notices she is demanding and wants to know why the athletic trainer "did not fix her ankle right the first time". She becomes somewhat threatening, stating that she will find someone else to help her if she is not successfully helped this time. What would be the best response to an attention-seeking athlete? -give up and let her seek help elsewhere -work with the athlete as long as necessary to satisfy her need for attention -set specific but reasonable time limits with the athlete per treatment session so the athletic trainer is not over taxed -encourage the athlete to take a more positive position on her rehabilitation and use humor to divert her attention away from the injury -none of the above
set specific but reasonable time limits with the athlete per treatment session so the athletic trainer is not over taxed
During a D2 extension pattern of the upper extremity, what is the proper timing sequence?
shoulder extension, forearm pronation, finger flexion
When rehabilitating a cervical strain, what must the athletic trainer maintain the integrity of? -shoulder girdle -lower back -upper arm -hand -kyphosis of the thoracic spine
shoulder girdle
Which of the following exercises improves proprioceptive feedback when rehabilitating a lower extremity injury? -stationary bike -single leg standing on mini trampoline -knee extension machine -bilateral calf raises -all the above
single leg standing on trampoline
What would be a functional skill for a patient in a ankle rehabilitation program? -gastrocnemius flexibility -single-leg hopping -lifting tolerance -anterior tibialis stretching -all the above
single-leg hopping
Which of the following acoustical interfaces is most reflective of ultrasound energy? -water-soft tissue -soft tissue-fat -soft tissue-bone -soft tissue-air -none of the above
soft tissue-air
What is the stretching exercise that consists of a "stretch and hold" position called?
static stretch
When a muscle is stretched to a point where a mild discomfort is felt and the limb is held in one position, this is known as what type of stretch?
static stretch
Which muscle does NOT need to be strengthened after a rotator cuff repair? -supraspinatus -biceps -teres minor -sternocleidomastoid -triceps
sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following electrode placement techniques is most commonly used when treating an individual with "brief-intense" TENS? -direct placement -dermatome placement -stimulation point placement -continuous placement -bracket method
stimulation point placement
Circuit training is an effective training technique if the athletic trainer desires to improve _____ and _____. -agility, endurance -strength, flexibility -agility, proprioception -power, endurance -strength, power
strength and flexibility
What is the internal reaction or resistance of tissue to an external load called? -mechanical failure -strain -stress -yield point -threshold
stress
Which of the following exercises are appropriate in attempting to decrease the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome? -cervical range of motion, anterior shoulder strengthening -cervical range of motion, cervical isometrics -anterior chest wall strengthening, cervical isometrics -stretching anterior chest wall, strengthening posterior midthoracic area -none of the above
stretching anterior chest wall, strengthening posterior midthoracic area
A moist heat pack offers what type of thermotherapy? -superficial -deep -cutaneous -surface -none of the above
superficial
Which of the following is the least occurring type of shoulder subluxation/dislocation? -superior -inferior -anterior -posterior
superior
Diaphoresis is also known as what?
sweating
During the rehabilitation of a knee injury, the athletic trainer decides the use of neuromuscular stimulation is indicated. As the athletic trainer is applying the electrodes to the patient's thigh, the patient says he has never had electric stimulation and is scared of electricity. Which of the following would be an appropriate response by the athletic trainer? -tell him he is being childish -demonstrate how it works -teach him about the general principle of e-stim -tell a joke about electricity to relax him -do not use an electrotherapeutic modality on the patient
teach him about the general principle of e-stim
Which of the following individuals should the athletic trainer advise and consult with when developing a reconditioning program for a patient following a musculoskeletal injury while playing football? -team physician -school nurse -head football quote -patient's parents if they are a minor -team strength and conditioning coach
team strength and conditioning coach
An athlete experiences a catastrophic injury in which they are permanently unable to return to playing the only sport that they are familiar with. What would the athletic trainer's response when discussing the injury with the athlete?
tell the athlete it is ok for them to to feel a variety of emotions and to openly express their needs and concerns
When treating an athlete with trochanter bursitis, flexibility should be increased in which of the following muscles? -gluteus maximus -tensor fasciae latae -iliacus -piriformis -lumbar
tensor fasciae latae
Which of the following may occur as a result of a puncture wound that has not been properly treated? -tetanus infection -streptococcus infection -spirochete infection -staphylococcus infection -dissemination of the wound
tetanus infection
When rehabilitating a patient, it is important that the area being rehabilitated is stressed with a variety of intensities and durations during conditioning. The body responds to these stresses by adapting to the specific demands imposed on it. What is this principle known as?
the SAID principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands)
Joint mechanoreceptors are found in all of the following EXCEPT: -ligaments -the brain -menisci -fat pads -musculotendinous junctions
the brain
You suspect one of your soccer players is experiencing "training staleness". Which of the following should you assess when developing a counseling approach with the patient? -the level of the patient's ability to play the sport. -the relationship between the patient and their family. -the patient's training schedule and diet. -the patient's competition schedule. -the relationship between the patient and coach.
the patient's training schedule and diet
The "half-life" of a drug refers to what?
the time required for the amount of drug in the blood to be reduced by one-half
One of your patients has been diagnosed with Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease. Which of the following is NOT appropriate when advising the patient in regard to minimizing his symptoms? -to increase the strength of the vastus medialis obliquus muscle with isotonic quadriceps strengthening exercises. -use ice packs frequently to minimize pain and swelling. -avoid stressful activities, such as running, for approximately 6 months. -avoid deep squating. -all the above.
to increase the strength of the vastus medialis obliquus muscle with isotonic quadriceps strengthening exercises
What types of medications are most commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy?
tranquilizers and sedatives
Which of the following muscles are involved in a seated military press? -trapezius -latissimus dorsi -pectoralis major -serratus anterior -posterior deltoid -triceps
trapezius pectoralis major serratus anterior triceps
In terms of specificity of training, which type of exercise would be appropriate during the late phases of rehabilitation of a soccer player? -stair master -swimming -stationary bike -leg press -treadmill exercises
treadmill exercises
The therapeutic conversion of electrical energy into high-frequency sound energy above the audible range to create heat in the tissues is the definition of what modality?
ultrasound
When using ultrasound under water, a rubber-type basin should be used. Why should this treatment not be done in a metal basin or whirlpool?
ultrasound energy is reflected off metal, increasing the intensity in various areas near the metal
What amount of time may it take for complete remodeling of tissue to occur after a soft tissue injury? -1 to 3 months -6 to 9 weeks -4 to 6 weeks -12 to 24 months -up to 1 year
up to 1 year
What does the production of black, tar-like stool indicate?
upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Injury or disease of the pancreas creates pain in what quadrant of the abdomen?
upper left
What is the best method of determining the recovery status of the hand and forearm after a flexor injury? -use of a KT-1000 arthrometer -assessing the strength of a handshake -manual muscle testing of the wrist -use of a hand dynamometer -electromyography testing
use of a hand dynamometer
Herpes simplex labialis is caused by which of the following? -virus -fungus -bacteria -parasite -none of the above
virus
An injured athlete is led through a therapeutic mental process in which he pictures himself being evaluated by the athletic trainer and assured the injury is not serious. He then pictures himself moving through rehabilitation, recovering nicely, and, finally, returning to his sport fully healed. What is this therapeutic approach to the recovery process called?
visualization
In which of the following sports would plyometrics be beneficial? -rock climbing -cross-country -volleyball -archery -swimming
volleyball
When counseling a patient about the proper way to self-administer a medication, it is important that the athletic trainer make the patient aware of what 2 factors? -any side effects and, in detail, how the drug works on the body. -if the drug may be addictive and how long the effects will last. -if the drug may cause depression and, in detail, how the drug works on the body. -when to take the medication and what foods/drugs not to mix with it.
when to take the medication and what foods/drugs not to mix with it
When rehabilitating the lateral epicondylitis, which muscle group needs to be strengthened? -wrist flexors -wrist extensors -elbow flexors -elbow extensors -shoulder abductors
wrist flexors
