done

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences

a person's unconscious

. Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

another person's consciousness

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time

attrition

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

. Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

case study

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables

correlation

9. Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

dependent variable

. A major advantage of case studies is ________.

detailed information

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments

double-blind

Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participant's beliefs and/or the experimenter's beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ________ study.

double-blind

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment This is the exeplification of

exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy

Which research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?

It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

8. According to Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through A. dream analysis B. examination of the first words that come to someone's mind C. seemingly innocent slips of the tongue D. the use of reinforcement and punishment

the use of reinforcement and punishment

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).

two

. ________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

validity

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

humanism

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

inter-rater reliability

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable results.

is large and randomly selected

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________.

placebo effect

. In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

random sampling; random group assignment

9. ________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.

reliability

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

replication

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results

small sample size

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

. It is complex.

Behaviorists study ________.

. learned behavior

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

. perceivable and measurable

. Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________

. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

What can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift?

A. Expose yourself to bright light while working.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? A. above average birth weight B. hyperthermia C. premature birth D. smoking in the home

A. above average birth weight

________ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.

A. confirmation bias

`Which of the following is not a benefit associated with adequate amounts of sleep?A. improving mood B. less exposure to carcinogens C. lower stress levels D. maintaining healthy weight

B. less exposure to carcinogens

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

D. They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep?

D. four

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter

C. independent variable

5. What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

C. mid- and top-level management