Drivers ed

20 mph

Narrow, winding turns and blind curves

The Three Principles for Risk Reduction

Never risk more than you can afford to lose Do not risk a large consequence for a small reward Consider the odds and your situation

When should you use your headlights

Night, heavy rain, sleet, snow, fog,dust storms,

Red curb

No stopping, standing, or parking

intoxication is defined as

Not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties because of alcohol or other drugs Having a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.08 or more if you're an adult or tested positive for ANY alcohol if you are a minor

Observation

Observes the traffic environment, looks over shoulder before changing lanes, uses mirrors, looks left, right, left prior to entering intersections.

Right-Hand Lane

Often considered the slow lane, the right lane is supposed to be for slower vehicles like large trucks and over-sized vehicles. The right-hand lane is also used for merging and exiting the expressway.

Left-Hand Lane

Often used for passing, don't remain in the left-hand lane unless slower moving vehicles lie just ahead in the right-hand lane.

Horn Control

On some vehicles, the horn will be located on your steering wheel. On others it will appear to the right of your steering wheel.

Scan for Hazards

Oncoming vehicles — Look at least one-third of a mile ahead or 10 to 12 seconds of travel time for oncoming vehicles Vehicles approaching from the rear — Look in your mirrors and over your shoulder to make sure someone else hasn't had the same idea as you Merging vehicles — Watch for other vehicles wishing to merge into the lane

peripheral space

One car length to the front of you Two car lengths to the rear of you One car width to your left Two car widths to your right

Adjust Left and Right Side Mirror

Outside mirror adjustors will be located near or on your mirrors, or on the driver's side door and will feature four arrows indicting what direction to aim it for the best possible range.

green curb

Park for a limited time

Parking Lot Right Angle (90°) or Perpendicular Parking with Barrier

Parking barriers are going to prevent you from pulling through one spot into another. We recommend backing into your spot because it's much easier to back into a spot, than it is to back out of one.

Traveling Downhill

Pay special attention to speed limit signs and warning signs, such as those warning of curves, steep hills or other hazards. Watch for bicyclists near the right edge of the road. Use a lower gear to control speeds while going up or down long, steep hills. You must yield to vehicles going uphill if you are traveling downhill on a narrow road. Do not coast downhill by shifting into neutral or disengaging the clutch.

To effectively park at an angle:

Place your car five feet from the right side. Target the middle of the parking space. Use a right front turn point to begin steering into the middle of space.

Feet positions

Position your feet comfortably so that you can easily reach the gas and brake pedals.

P

Predict; You should be attempting to predict what is going to happen next in traffic, so that you aren't surprised.

Red

Prohibited and/or stop

Brown

Public recreation and scenic guidance

When should you slow down

Rain, wet roads, traffic, limited visibility, darkness, illness

Hand position

Refers to the hand placement on the steering wheel while driving 9 and 3 or 8-4

Braking to Minimize Roll, Pitch, or Yaw Cause and Compensation for Rear Pitch:

Releasing the Brake — As you release the brake, the car begins to move forward. This creates minor pitch to the rear. Covering the Accelerator — Covering your accelerator leads to a smooth transition to adding pressure. If you do it smoothly, it will only create minimal pitch to the rear. Light Accelerator Pressure — Keep it slow and steady, for the smoothest acceleration and the least amount of pitch. Progressive Accelerator Pressure — Gently add more pressure. When you're coming out of a curve or turn, this can actually help your traction. Thrust Accelerator Pressure — This is when you put firm pressure on the pedal. It rapidly moves the weight to the rear and adds traction to your rear wheels.

Lane management

Remaining entirely within the turning lane, keeps both hands on the wheel, uses approved method of steering control (hand-over-hand or push-pull-slide), keeping vehicle centered in appropriate lane at start and finish of maneuver, starts/finishes turns in proper lane, does not encroach over lane markings, or drag wheels over curbs.

brake warning light

Reminds you to release the parking brake before moving. If the light comes on while using the foot brake, it means the brake system is not working properly. Have it checked by a mechanic. This warning will often appear as an exclamation mark in a circle.

Every 30,000 miles

Replace Engine Air Filter Replace the Fuel Filter Inspect Accessory Drive Belts Perform Automatic Transmission/Transaxle Service

Safe lane change

SMOG (single, mirrors, over the shoulder, go.

Re-check Conditions Ahead

Scan ahead to confirm that the road is clear.

The SEE technique

Search, Evaluate, Execute

Parallel Parking

Signal your intention to park. Position the vehicle parallel with the vehicle parked in front of the empty space and maintain at least two (2) feet of distance. Align the rear bumpers of both vehicles. Back up slowly until the front of the vehicle is even with the front door of the car beside you. Turn the wheel sharply to the right and back up slowly until the vehicle is at a 45-degree angle, straighten wheels and back up. When the front of your vehicle passes the rear of the car beside you, turn your wheel to the left sharply. Gradually, as you're backing into the spot, straighten the wheels and pull forward.

Communicating your intentions to the other drivers on the road can include:

Signals Headlights Brake lights Horn Hand signals Position of the vehicle Speed of the vehicle Driver's actions

The BGE mirror is always the best mirror setting.

Sit in the driver's seat, place your head against the driver's side window, and adjust the driver's side mirror until you can barely see the side of the car. While in the driver's seat, lean to the center of the vehicle and adjust the passenger's side mirror until you can barely see the side of the car. Rest your head against the driver's headrest and adjust the center mirror so that it shows the entire length and width of the rear windshield. To test your mirror settings, watch as a car in an adjacent lane passes your vehicle. The car should enter the driver's side mirror before it leaves the view of the rearview mirror. The car should then appear in your peripheral vision before it leaves the view of the driver's side mirror.

Tips for Driving in the Dark

Slow Down — First of all, drive more slowly in the dark. Even with your headlights on, you cannot see as far ahead of you, so you have less time to stop. Don't Overdrive Your Lights — You want to be able to stop within the distance lighted by your headlights. If you're driving too fast to stay safe, your braking distance can actually be longer than the area that is lit by your headlights when you first press the brake pedal. Watch carefully for pedestrians, animals, and motorcycles — anything that might be more difficult to see at night. That's usually about 350 feet when your high-beams are turned on in good weather, and less if it's raining, snowing, or foggy. Stay farther behind the car ahead of you at night than you do in the daytime, too. Increase Your Following Intervals — Because your vision — and thus, your reaction time - becomes less reliable at night, you need to reduce your speed and spread out everything as much as possible to give yourself extra time to react to unexpected situations. Look to the Right of Oncoming Vehicles — To protect your night vision as best as possible, don't look directly into an oncoming vehicle's lights. Instead, look to the right of it, so the glare only affects your peripheral vision. Of course, you've got peripheral vision on both sides of your eyes, so why look to the right? Because if you look to the left, you will have a tendency to steer towards that direction, pulling you into a head-on collision. Turn Off All Interior Lights — Keep off interior lights so you can maintain your night vision and you're not a distraction to other drivers. Use Parking Lights Only When Parked - Parking lights must be illuminated on any vehicle parked alongside the roadway, whether attended or not from sunset to sunrise or whenever visibility is less than 1,000 feet. Use Safety Precautions When Stopped — If you are suddenly and unexpectedly forced to stop in the middle of your trip (like, for example, if your car breaks down while you're driving), make sure you pull all the way off the road, turn on your hazard flashers on, and call for help immediately. The less amount of time you spend on the side of the road, the safer you'll be.

Speed changes

Slowing down will give you more time and distance to make a good decision as to how to handle your obstacle. But remember, if you are going to slow down drastically, you need to check your mirrors and make sure no one is going to rear-end you. You'll generally want to make your speed change decisions in response to the following potential hazards: Dangerous situations, like a vehicle suddenly braking ahead of you Traffic conditions, such as rush hour Roadway conditions, such as bad weather Vehicle balance, such as when you're towing a heavy load

Speed control

Smooth deceleration, does not impede traffic, adjusts speed to react to traffic or conditions, maintains steady speed during lane change, approaches intersection at a speed which allows the turn to be made without stopping or braking during the turn.

Air bag on/off

Some vehicles contain a manual control for the airbags. They can be manipulated using a vertical thumbwheel or control that will say "Airbag."

Lane position

Sometimes, a problem can be solved by moving to another lane or moving around in your own lane. Lane position changes can come in handy sometimes, especially in: Dangerous situations, like a swerving driver nearby Traffic conditions, such as a car crash in your lane Roadway conditions, such as heavy rains (In heavy rains, you'll often want to try and stick to the middle lanes, since debris can get washed into the outer lanes.) Vehicle balance, such as moving to a slower lane on a curve, so as not to upset a top-heavy vehicle

Typical Teen Driving Mistakes

Speeding Driving Distracted Taking Unnecessary Risks Failing To Keep A Proper Distance Not Wearing A Seat Belt Over-Correcting and Other Emergency Errors Driving While Tired Having Teen Passengers Driving The Wrong Car

Types of transmission

Standard Transmission Automatic Transmission (Two types transaxle and transmission)

To avoid accidents

Stay alert. Keep eyes moving by looking ahead and scanning your side and rearview mirrors. Look for potentially dangerous traffic issues (accidents, road construction, drunk drivers, fallen trees, etc.) ahead of you. Prepare evasive maneuvers (pulling over, taking an alternate route) if another driver near you starts to drive erratically. Signal your driving intent. Not signaling is dangerous, inconsiderate and illegal. Every turn must be signaled. Obey all traffic laws. The rules and laws of the road are in place to preserve your safety. Be polite. If you enter an intersection and have the right-of-way, but another driver insists on going first, let the other driver go first. Confrontation is only going to lead to escalation.

Single broken yellow line

Stay to the right of the line. You may temporarily cross this line when you are passing a vehicle in front of you.

Maintaining Vehicle Balance

Steering wheel balance. Correct body position. Precise steering movements, smooth and gradually progressive acceleration, and controlled brake application.

General driving behavior

Steering, braking, acceleration, observation, lane usage, and obeying all traffic laws, signs, and signals.

In the event of an accident

Stop Stay calm Move your vehicle out of the flow of traffic, if possible Help any injured parties, including calling 911, if necessary; however, you should never try to move an injured person Exchange ID and insurance information Write everything down If there's an injury, death, or over $500 worth of damages, you must file a report with the Department of Public Safety

How to make a staggered left turn:

Stop before the intersection. Check the traffic in all directions and look behind you. Slowly make the turn, watching in particular for vehicles that are supposed to stop at the stop sign you are passing on the left. Complete your turn, making sure that you don't cut the corner too sharply and hit the vehicle to your left at the stop sign.

Yellow curb

Stop only long enough to load or unload. Stay with your car.

White curb

Stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers

Octagon

Stop signs

Securing tasks

Stop within a legal, secure parking space Set your parking brake Transmission (Automatic: Place the shift selector in the "Park" (P) position. That way, your vehicle will be ready to start back up again next time you're ready to drive. Plus, it's illegal to leave your vehicle without putting it in "Park.") Turn off accessories Turn the ignition switch to "off" "Lock" the ignition switch, if available Remove the occupant restraints Check the surrounding traffic before you exit your car Secure the doors and windows before leaving

You should be aware of the handling strengths and weaknesses of each vehicle class. The five basic groups are

Subcompact (4-cylinder, 2 door) Compact (4-cylinder, 2 or 4 door) Intermediate (6-cylinder, 2 or 4 door) Full-Size (8-cylinder - sedan, truck or SUV) Specialty (Fire truck, police car, modified, shuttle bus)

Signal Intent

Switch on your turn signal at least 3 seconds before passing on freeways and 100 feet when driving in the city.

"targeting" technique:

Targeting can help you visualize the space you intend to occupy. Targeting helps you learn to use a "searching process." Targets can help you develop the habit of looking far ahead as you're driving, rather than focusing your eyes close to your car. Using a target helps you plan ahead as you are driving. Targeting increases the accuracy of your steering, making motions more precise and reducing your steering reversals. Targeting can help you develop skid avoidance skills.

4-8 seconds

The 4-8 second point represents your maximum braking time, depending on roadway conditions. Once a hazard has reached this point, you'll still be able to safely come to a complete stop without hitting it. This is what will establish your safe following distance. A 4-second following distance will be sufficient on a dry, clean surface, while an 8-second following distance might be necessary during periods of heavy weather or poor visibility.

Attention sharing

The ability to carry out two or more performances simultaneously (steer, control speed, and watch

Perceptual-motor

The ability to couple driving responses with traffic stimulation

Perceptual

The ability to interpert the traffic environment in a way thta permits proper vehicle operation

battery warning light

The battery light is usually located to the right of your speedometer or inside your tachometer, if you have one. It looks like a box with a plus and minus sign in it.

Passing Procedures

The first thing you want to do is position yourself properly before you attempt to pass. That means situate yourself two to three seconds behind the vehicle you wish to pass, so you can achieve adequate acceleration and have time to make a defensive maneuver, if warranted. Next, check your side view and rear-view mirrors to see if anyone is following too close behind you. This might indicate that a driver is planning a passing move, too. Check oncoming traffic to make sure you have a clear spot to position your vehicle after completing the pass. Finally, you should signal your intention to pass by putting on your signal and honk your horn so the vehicle ahead knows that you're attempting to pass. Properly executed passing requires two characteristics: good judgment and the ability to make decisions rapidly. Good Judgment — When traveling at 55 mph, look for a gap of 10 to 12 seconds in the oncoming traffic to safely pass another vehicle traveling at that speed. Gauging this takes experience and judgment, as does noticing the road and weather conditions and the existence of side roads. Rapid Decision-Making — The ability to make the right decision rapidly is another requirement in passing. Hesitate, and the window of opportunity will vanish. In a few seconds, you must evaluate if it's safe to pass and if you have enough room to properly adjust speed.

Fuel cap

The fuel cap on gasoline-powered vehicles from 2 to 24 years old will be checked to determine if the fuel cap is missing or defective.

Fuel Level Indicator

The fuel gauge will let you know how much gas is left in your tank. "E" indicates that your tank is empty. "F" indicates the tank is full.

Speedometer

The gauge moves constantly corresponding to the rate you accelerate and it will display your speed in both miles per hour and kilometers per hour. Mileage Odometer — The mileage odometer measures how many miles have been put on your car. Trip Mileage Odometer - Trip meters are odometers that are manually controllable, allowing you to reset the miles to zero at any time. These are used to measure the lengths of individual trips. This is handy if you needed to calculate the number of miles you travel to monitor how many miles you get to a gallon or when you want to see how far you've driven to somewhere. The trip mileage reset button, located right next to the trip mileage odometer, will allow you to reset your trip mileage odometer back to zero

Horn

The horn must be heard for a distance of 200 feet

Passing on the Right

The road is clear of parked vehicles or any obstructions and is wide enough for two or more vehicles to pass each other In Colorado the only time it's legal to pass on the right is if there are two or more lanes going in your direction. The vehicle in front of you is turning left and is slowing down to do so. This may be done only if you can remain on the paved portion of the shoulder. You may not drive off the pavement

forward gears

The series of gears (usually the higher ones) that are generally used to match the vehicle's speed for optimum engine performance and to maximize fuel mileage.

Set/Adjust Cruise Speed

The set button may also say "set/accel." Pressing this button will allow you to maintain the speed you are currently driving. If you hit the set button at 50 mph, the car will maintain your speed at 50 mph. To make your car accelerate simply hold down the "set/accel" tab. For minor adjustments in speed, pressing it once will increase your speed by 1 mph.

Steering Wheel Height Adjustment

The steering wheel position can be adjusted using a lever that is located on the left side, right side, or underneath your steering column.

Vehicle control devices

The steering wheel. The gear selector. The parking brake. Cruise and Speed Control. The ignition switch. The accelerator. The brake pedal.

Fog lamps

These wide low beam lights can be activated by a separate button on some cars or setting on your headlight lever that is recognizable by the image of a headlight with three horizontal rays emanating from it, with a curvy vertical line going through the rays

wind shield wipers

They are for safety in bad weather. Windshield wipers are required in Colorado to be operable.

Front and back seat belts

They are required equipment if seat belt anchorages were part of the original equipment of the automobile. They must be worn by every child between the ages of 4 and 16 and/or over 40 pounds.

Theft/Security System

This indicator is located on the midsection of the upper right instrument cluster and will light up to let you know both if your car is equipped with theft deterrent devices and if they are activated

Door Ajar Light

This indicator will let you know that one or more of your doors has not been securely closed

Space control

This is a big one when it comes to preventing problems. remember: adjusting the amount of space you leave around your vehicle can be a big help in tight situations: Dangerous situations, like unpredictable drivers nearby Traffic conditions, such as rush hour traffic Roadway conditions, such as poor visibility Vehicle balance, such as keeping extra space to the sides when taking a tight curve

20-30 seconds

This is how far ahead you're scanning; it allows you time to gather information, process it, and make decisions without being surprised

Search

This is where your scanning skills become so important. You will actively search for risks and potentially risky situations in traffic and in the visual lead area. Your eyes collect information this way by making quick movements while retrieving and process information in your visual field. Look for anything that's not dry, clean road.

left turn indicator

This is your blinker. It's located on the left side dash. This arrow-shaped light will flash, along with a click or chime sound that indicates when your left turn indicator is engaged

Service Engine Soon Light

This signal will tell you when there is a problem with your Fuel, Ignition and Emission Control Systems.

Temperature Indicator

This symbol appears simply as a thermometer floating above water and is usually located on the instrument panel directly in front of you.

Seat belt alert light

This symbol functions as a simple reminder to buckle up. It looks like a person with a line across the chest representing a seat belt. On some models it may look like the buckle on a seat belt.

Hood release

This symbol looks like a car with the hood up. It will be activated whenever your hood is not securely closed.

Trunk Release

This symbol looks like a car with the trunk open. It will light up whenever your trunk is not securely closed.

"Jab" or "Stab" Brake Method

This technique involves pumping the brakes in one-half second intervals. The jabbing motion reduces the risk of the wheels locking up and allows the brakes, drums, and rotors to cool, giving the braking system a chance to function as effectively as possible in the most critical or sensitive situations.

Weekly maintenance

Tires (the tire pressure, tire tread wear or damage)(bald spots, cuffing an uneven wear on the tires, bald center and side treads, cuts stones or metal fragments)) Safety and Communication Accessories; Headlights, tail lights, and turn signals Emergency lights and markers Emergency kits — It's a good idea to have a checklist of items from a spare tire to bottled water. You might include a flashlight, map, gasoline container, jumper cables, first-aid kit, cell phone, gloves, tools, car warranty, emergency phone numbers, refill fluids for various systems, a blanket, windshield cover and batteries. Windshield wipers — Make sure that the arms are functioning and the windshield wiper fluid is full) Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioner (HVAC) air flow and temp..)

Emergency Flashers

To activate your emergency flashers or hazard lights, press down on the button with the triangle image.

Power Window Controls

To automatically raise or lower windows, there will be a switch located on the doors with two options, one with an arrow up, one with an arrow down. The tab with the up arrow will roll the windows up, the down arrow will roll them down. On many driver's side doors there will be additional controls to lower or raise all of the windows in your car.

Cover Brake

To provide a more steady transition from acceleration to braking, covering should be applied. Like trail braking, with this method allows you to maintain speed and vehicle balance before you initiate braking.

when facing downhill turn the wheels

Toward the curb

With out a curb

Toward the right

Many factors can contribute to a loss of balance because weight is transferred constantly from one part of your car to another as you are driving. Several influences can cause this transfer of weight:

Traction Steering techniques Acceleration Braking Modern technological devices Vehicle Load Seating Position

Braking techniques

Trail Brake Controlled Brake Lock Brake Cover Brake Jab" or "Stab" Brake Method Threshold Brake Method Lift-off Braking

Lights and reflectors

Two headlights - one on each side on the front, and a beam indicator, showing when the high headlight beam is on. Tail lights - all vehicles shall be equipped with two tail lights, except that models manufactured prior to model year 1960 shall be required to have only one tail light. Brake lights - all vehicles shall be equipped with two brake lights (stop lights), except that models manufactured prior to model year 1960 shall be required to have only one brake light (stop light). Turn signals - Every motor vehicle, trailer, semi-trailer, and pole- trailer shall be equipped with electric turn signals (motorcycles and certain trailers excepted), except that passenger cars and trucks less than 80 inches in width and manufactured prior to model year 1960 need not be equipped with electrical turn signals. License plate light - a white light lighting the rear license plate when the headlights (or auxiliary lamps) are lighted is required. Reflectors - two red reflectors are required, one on each side of car (may be in combination with tail lights), placed at a height of 15 to 60 inches and visible up to 600 feet. Reflectors must be visible up to 350 feet on vehicles manufactured prior to the year model 1960. Parking lights - white or amber on the front, red to the rear (may be in combination with other lights).

65-75 mph

Undesignated rural interstates and Highways

Establishing a Visual Lead

Use a Visual Lead, by picking a spot 20-30 seconds ahead of you. You will have to search or scan, actively moving your eyes from side to side and looking ahead. You will have to make a clear line of sight. You will have to watch your path of travel. You will have to use reference points.

Center Lanes

Use for smoother travel, without having to negotiate slower-moving traffic or the faster-moving traffic in the left lane.

Signal Returns

Use your turn signal to indicate that you intend to return to the driving lane

Warn the Driver Ahead

Use your turn signal to show your intent to pass.

Trail Brake

Using a squeeze off motion, trail braking is the method of using gentle braking and gradually reducing your brake pressure to give you maximum steering control as you ease around the apex of a corner during a turn.

searching skills

Using visual references and turn points to perform turns Forward visual turning point Rear visual turning point Targeted line of sight and paths of travel Referencing reference vehicle to paths of travel

High Beam Indicator

Usually located above or up and to the left of your speedometer, the high beam indicator will let you know the status of your headlights.

45 mph

Vehicles in the business of hauling trash

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Alert Light

Vehicles with anti-lock brake systems have a circular yellow warning lamp that says ABS on the instrument panel that lights up when an ABS problem exists.

Safety behind the wheel

Wear a seat belt Don't drink and drive Don't ride with a driver that's been drinking Don't speed Check all mirrors and visually scan your environment Don't underestimate a hazardous situation Learn and follow all of the rules of the road Don't take unnecessary risks

Oil Pressure Gauge

When this gauge is lit up, it means you will need to add or change your oil.

Angle of an approach

When you are parked at a curb, you should always approach the driver's side from the front of the car. This increases your awareness of oncoming traffic and allows you to approach the door with your keys ready to open the door. However, if you're parked elsewhere (a parking deck, for example), you want to approach your vehicle from the rear. Watch for people and objects around your vehicle, and prepare your keys for entry.

Resume Cruise Speed

When you deactivate your cruise control by applying your brake pedal, selecting the resume button will reactivate the most recent speed setting on your cruise control.

If the police pull you over

When you find a spot, put the vehicle in park, set the emergency brake, and turn the engine off. DO NOT GET OUT OF THE CAR. Remain in the vehicle until the officer gives you further instructions. Place both hands on the steering wheel and do not make any sudden movements that may alarm the officer. Do everything the officer says in a dutiful and polite manner. After you are released by the officer, you must signal your intent and merge back into the flow of traffic. Be polite and respectful. Don't argue. Know where your license and registration are.

Airbag alert light

When you initially turn your ignition on, this light will be activated for a few seconds before the engine is on. It will look like a person seated with a circle in front of them. If the alert light is not activated, there may be a problem with your alert system. If the signal remains on or if it is activated while you're driving, the airbag system may be malfunctioning and should be corrected at a service station as soon as possible

Coast/Reduce Cruise Speed

When you press down on the "coast" button, it will cause your car to decelerate as if you took your foot completely off the gas pedal. On some cars pressing the coast button once will cause the car to slow down by 1 mph, while holding it down will reduce your speed until you remove your hand.

Lock break

When your foot holds the brake down to the maximum point causing the wheels to lock up.

Speed Control light

When your speed control is set, the speed control light will be activated

trinagle

Worn drivers of hazards

Times you can cross Two solid yellow lines

You are turning left at an intersection or into or out of a private road or driveway: The right half of the road is closed or blocked You are in carpool lanes with designated entrances on the left.

Double yellow lines

You cannot pass if the lines on your side are solid

Single broken white line

You may cross this line to change lanes when it is safe to do so.

Single solid white line

You may travel in the same direction on both sides of this line, but do not cross the line unless you must do so to avoid a hazard. Also used to discourage lane changes near intersections.

arm position

You should be able to easily reach the wheel and allow yourself maximum range of motion for steering control.

Execute

You've got the information, and you've decided the best course of action. Now you've got to do it

Cigarette/Cigar Lighter

Your car lighter is a knob that will be located on the right side panel or in the center console on some models. A cigarette lighter can sometimes be used to plug in accessories like CD players or cell phones.

Push-Pull Steering

Your hands never leave the wheel. This translates to constant control, and therefore, increased safety. - Your hands never cross. If you have to enact evasive maneuvers, you don't have to reset your hand positioning on the wheel. - It keeps your hands and wrists safe from airbags. As mentioned when discussing hand positioning, airbags deploy with such force, they can injure the driver if not properly positioned.

Round

advance warning of railroad crossing

tire patch

amount of tire that is touching the road

When facing uphill turn wheels ______________ the curb.

away

novice driver

can be defined as someone who has little or no experience driving a motor vehicle.

Perfect Balance

can only be achieved when your car is standing still

Accelerator Pedal

gas pedal

Yellow

general warning

vertical rectangle

generally for regulatory signs like speed limit signs

Blue curb

handicapped parking

teenagers

have more accidents and fatalities than any other group of drivers. They're involved in fatal crashes at twice the rate of drivers aged 21 or older.

(D)

indicates the Drive gear, the standard gear for driving. In an automatic car you won't have to do any shifting. Though the gear is in drive, your car will automatically shift from first gear to fourth gear. That's why they call it an automatic.

(O)

indicates the Overdrive gear. This gear is active by default. Basically it's fourth gear. Generally you will want to turn overdrive off if you are being towed, driving in mountain terrain, or if you want to drive in third gear. To turn it off, the button is usually located on the left underside of your gear selector. If you turn it off, make sure you remember to turn it back on if you need to return to traveling at a high speed

Central or Focal Vision

is clear and sharp. It allows you to read and distinguish what you're looking at, or rather, what is in front of you

Fringe Vision

is something you know by another name: "peripheral vision". Basically, fringe vision is what you see out of the corner of your eye

Roll

is the rotation around the front-to-back axis, resulting in the motion of your vehicle from side to side, as if it were to "roll" over. As for roll, side to side or right-to-left vehicle balance can be affected by sudden steering, acceleration, or braking. An example of "roll" is that your vehicle will roll to the right if you steer to the left. Likewise your car will roll to the left if you steer to the right. The weight or center of mass shifts to left or right side of your car according to the speed you are traveling, the amount of traction produced by your tires and the influence of your steering technique.

Pitch

is the rotation around the side to side axis, causing the motion of your vehicle to move forward or backward. Pitch is when your car moves forward or backward causing drops or lifts to either the front or the rear. As you apply your brakes your car will pitch, or drop at the front and lift in the rear. When you accelerate, the opposite will occur. Acceleration causes the rear of your car to drop while the front is lifted.

Yaw

is the rotation around the vertical axis resulting in the motion of your vehicle from left to right. Yaw is a spinning condition caused by the movement of your car to either the left or right around the center of gravity. The spin is a result of the load transfer that occurs as the rear end swings in either direction. When you accelerate under conditions that produce a loss of traction in the rear tires, your car will yaw. This could be caused by sudden braking. It can also occur when you steer or accelerate in a manner that is either excessive or sudden. For example, if you are traveling on a road that is titled to the left, it will cause a traction loss to the left rear of your car which can cause your car to yaw from the right to the left.

Lane Position Two

is where the car is three to six inches away from the left line, or boundary of the travel lane. This is essentially when you need to move your car to the left.

Lane Position Three

is where the car is three to six inches away from the opposite side, the right line of the travel lane. If you are driving down a lane that does not appear to contain a lane line, lane position three is at least three feet away from the curb or from the shoulder of the road.

Lane Position One

is where your car is centered within the line margins of the travel lane.

pennet

no passing

50%

of all motorcycle accidents involve collisions with four-wheeled vehicles — and two-thirds of those accidents are caused by the motor vehicle driver, not the motorcycle rider.

A parking break

often mistakenly referred to as an emergency brake, holds your car in place when it's parked and protects the transaxle, constant velocity joints, or transmission.

Red reflectors

on the pavement show areas not to be entered or used. They are positioned on the road surface so that only traffic flowing in the wrong direction would observe them.

40 mph

open mountain highway

Drivers and Passengers

over the age of four are legally required to wear seat belts.

Intersection

place where two or more roads meet. At an intersection, you either yield or have the right-of-way. There are many types of intersections, but don't panic: the same rules of safety apply to them all. The key to driving through intersections is to stay calm and be cautious. Some intersections can be intimidating.

Crossbuck

railroad crossing

30 mph

residential area

fluorescent optic yellow

school zones, school crossings, and pedestrian crossings

Blue

services like bathrooms

Brake pedal

slows or stops the vehicle

Smith System

stresses eye discipline and the idea of a space cushion. Aim high in steering — See everything around you, evaluate the situation, and act on all the available information. Get the big picture — Be aware of what is around you. Keep your eyes moving or scanning — Always be looking for hazards. Leave yourself an out — Make sure you have plenty of space around you. Space is all that separates you from a collision. Make sure others see you — Make eye contact and use your warning devices

Battery Voltage Gauge

this gauge will have a battery symbol next to it, recognizable because of a plus and minus sign.

turn signal lever

this lever is located on the left side of the steering column. Mov the lever up to signal a right turn and down to signal a left turn.

What does insurance do

transfers the financial risk from the person who's operating the car to the insurance company.

The ignition switch is used to

turn on the car's electrical system, start the engine, and turn off the electrical system

55 mph

urban interstate

referencing

using a stationary reference point, such as a road sign, an intersection, or a mile marker to determine how far away you are from things.

diamond

warning

Colorado's "Left Lane Law"

"A person shall not drive a motor vehicle in the passing lane of a highway if the speed limit is sixty-five miles per hour or more unless such person is passing other motor vehicles that are in a non-passing lane or turning left, or unless the volume of traffic does not permit the motor vehicle to safely merge into a non-passing lane."

Gear selection indicator

"P" indicates the Park position. "R" signifies the car is in Reverse. "N" represents Neutral. "D" indicates the car is in Drive. "2" is Second Gear. "1" indicates the car is in First Gear.

Right Turn Indicator Light

.It will appear as an arrow-shaped symbol that lights up when you engage your right turn signal.

What your car is not allowed to have on it

A red light showing from the front - these are restricted to emergency vehicles only, and since you're probably not driving an ambulance, you don't need one. A bell, siren, or exhaust whistle - again, these are restricted to emergency vehicles only. A muffler cutout - mufflers are there for a reason, and even if you think the loud sound of a car with no muffler is great, it's also "noise polluting" and that's illegal. Anything that extends more than three inches beyond the left side - or six inches beyond the right side - of the body, running board, or fenders of your vehicle. If there's something sticking off the side of your car, it could prevent your car from ever seeing the road. Flashing red lights - these are restricted only to emergency vehicles, school buses, and church buses; for the rest of us, they're a major driving faux pas.

Staggered Stops

A staggered stop is normally associated with making a turn at an intersection. In other words, you don't turn in a continual, sweeping motion. Instead, you stagger your move because as you proceed through the turn, there will likely be multiple visual search tasks to be conducted. For example, there might be a child who has wandered off the sidewalk and into the street or a vehicle starts to run a stop sign. Your visual sweep will be much more effective if you stagger your turning motion.

Traction

A tire has to grip the surface of the road which is vital to maintaining vehicle balance.

Safety Alert

A triangle with an exclamation point inside of it indicates when you are driving in conditions that may be dangerous.

Obtain a Speed Advantage

Accelerate as you move out until you are traveling 10 to 15 miles per hour faster than the vehicle you are overtaking.

Acceleration

Accelerates smoothly without jerking, doesn't lug engine, coast, impede traffic, clash gears, or stall vehicle.

Signals

Activates signals proper distance in advance, at least 3 seconds prior to reaching the turning intersection/lane change, cancels signals if need be after completion of maneuver.

Mirror settings

Adjust your mirrors so that you are able to see around you clearly.

Seat belts

Adjust your seat for proper arm and feet positioning before you put on your seat belt. If it doesn't feel like it fits right, it probably doesn't. Pull the seat belt out so that it reaches across your waist toward the receiving end of the belt. Listen for a click when you fasten your seat belt, indicating that it's secure. As you release the seat belt, the excess slack will tighten back into the seat belt holder. Ensure all your passengers are wearing seat belts.

Pentagon

Advance warning of a school

A muffler and exhaust system

All 1968 or later models must be equipped with an exhaust emission system to help reduce air pollution.

Safety glass

All new cars must be equipped with safety glass. All replacements of glass for any car must be with safety glass.

Tires

All vehicles are required to be equipped with tires that are in proper and safe condition with a minimum tread depth of 2/32nds of an inch.

liscense plate

All vehicles must have one valid plate at the front and one at the rear of passenger and commercial vehicles, except dealer plates and those commercial vehicles that are only issued one license plate.

security

Always lock the doors first thing

Modern Vehicle Technology Relates to Balance

Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) — Check your manual to find out. If your car does have ABS, it's engaged automatically. The basic idea behind ABS is it helps prevent your brakes from locking and skidding. You don't need to know the physics behind ABS, just know that if you car has ABS, you will be less likely to lose traction and balance when braking quickly. Traction Control Systems — Your car's capacity to respond to sudden acceleration traction loss is enhanced by Traction Control Systems. Traction control was developed to improve vehicle stability by controlling the amount the wheels can slip when excess power is applied. Vehicle Stability Systems — Sudden steering traction loss is improved by Vehicle Stability Systems. These systems were designed to improve lateral stability through an electronic device that detects dangerous driving conditions by recognizing understeering and oversteering, and then adjusting accordingly. In reality, it can't actually increase your available traction, but it does maximizes your ability to maintain control of your car during conditions that call for extreme steering, such as swerving to avoid a collision.

Turnabout Tasks

Approach To Intersection Communication Target Areas Slow Down Lane Position Reference Your Turning Point Execute Lane Repositioning Courtesy Considerations

Perpendicular Parking

As you approach the area where you'll be parking, begin signaling at least 100 feet before you reach your parking space. Use your turn signal, so drivers will know that you are intending to leave the lane of traffic. Look over both of your shoulders, and check your mirrors. Search the Left and Right areas to make sure they are open, with no changing conditions that you need to be aware of or that might affect your paths. About 100 feet from your parking space, reduce your speed. Stop your vehicle just before you reach the entrance to the parking space, as if you were executing a standard turn. Once again, Search and Evaluate your paths, being sure to look both ways before you execute the next step. Double check, and make sure everything's clear! Execute your turn into the parking space, remembering to steer with calm, smooth motions. Don't jerk the wheel. Pull your car through the parking space and into the space on the other side, slowly bringing your vehicle to a stop. You'll need to mentally project the area where you'll stop the vehicle so that the front end of your car lines up with the entranceway for the parking space you'll be leaving your car in. Leave your car in gear and use the parking brake, or shift your car into "Park", if you're driving a vehicle with an automatic transmission.

curb parking

As you approach the area where you'll be parking, get close to the right curb, as if you were going to make a standard right turn. Check your lane position, and make sure you're in the far right lane at least half a block before you reach your destination. Begin signaling at least 100 feet before you pull over. Use your right turn signal, so drivers know that you're intending to leave the lane of traffic. Look over both of your shoulders, and check your mirrors. Search the Left and Right areas around you to make sure the areas are open, with no changing conditions that you need to be aware of or that might affect your paths. Pay special attention to the right curb. Be on the lookout for things like pedestrians, bicyclists, or children that might enter your path suddenly. About 100 feet from your parking destination, reduce your speed. Slowly bring your vehicle to a stop next to the right curb. Leave your car in gear and use the parking brake, or shift your car into "Park", if you're driving a vehicle with an automatic transmission.

12-15 seconds

At the 12-15 second point, you'll want to be constantly determining alternate routes of travel. If an obstacle suddenly appears on the road ahead, how are you going to evade it? By choosing your alternative routes of travel 12-15 seconds in advance, you'll be well-prepared to take advantage of them if necessary

Minor in Possession (MIP)

Attempt to purchase an alcoholic beverage or illegal drug, even if the sale is not actually made Purchase an alcoholic beverage or illegal drug Possess an alcoholic beverage or illegal drug. Possession may include care, custody, control, or management, which means you can be charged just for being the in the presence of drugs or alcohol, even without drinking, buying, or holding them Consume an alcoholic beverage or illegal drug Misrepresent your age to purchase or attempt to purchase an alcoholic beverage

rear limitation

Backing Position Perpendicular Parking

Create Return Space

Before you return to the driving lane, signal your intention. If you can see the vehicle's headlights in your rearview mirror, then it is safe for you to return to the lane.

Threshold Brake Method

Braking to the maximum possible point, just before the wheels lock up, in a straight line.

Overdrive Off

Cars with automatic transmissions contain an overdrive or high speed gear also known as fourth gear. This gear is activated automatically, so there's nothing you have to do, and reduces gas consumption, engine sound, and wear while you're traveling at high speeds.

Auxiliary Panel Controls

Center air vent controls. Sound system controls. Auxiliary power port. Passenger airbag cut off switch. HVAC fan speed control. HVAC temperature control. HVAC airflow control.

When should you signal

Changing lanes Making a turn Pulling away from a parking space which is parallel to the curb Slow down or stop

Monthly maintenance

Check Lights Check Tires Check Engine Oil Level Check Windshield Washer Solvent Fluid Level Check Brake Fluid Level Check Engine Coolant Level

every 6 months

Check seat belts for wear and function Check the air pressure in your spare tire Check power steering fluid level Check windshield washers Check the parking brake Check and lubricate all hinges, latches, and outside locks Check transmission fluid level Inspect Brake Components

Starting tasks

Check your parking brake Hold your foot firmly on the brake Insert your key in the ignition Put the car in gear Check for fuel injection or automatic choke Turn the key to the "on" position Check your instrument panel for alert lights and gauges Turn the key to start your engine Adjust the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Set accessories — Headlights, radio

Visual needs

Check your visual field for anything that obstructs your view.

Check for Blind Spots, Create Space for Vehicle Passed

Confirm that there is at least a 4-second gap between the back of your vehicle and the vehicle you have just overtaken. If not, accelerate until you have opened up the gap sufficiently before moving back into the lane.

Orange

Construction and maintenance warning

When are fines doubled?

Construction zones (but there are others)

Types of intersections

Controlled; Multi-lanes Traffic signs Traffic signals Pavement markings stop line vs no stop line; intersection stop line is a white strip painted across the roadway. You must stop before you reach it. If you cannot see whether the intersection is clear and safe to cross, you may pull up until you can see whether the intersection is clear. If so, you need not stop again unless someone else has the right-of-way or there is a hazard in the road. Some stop signs do not have a stop line. In that case, stop when you can see the intersection clearly in all directions, not at the stop sign itself. Proceed when it is safe. Uncontrolled intersection; An uncontrolled intersection has no controlling devices, signs, signals, or markings. It relies solely on right-of-way rules. It may have less traffic, but it's more dangerous than controlled intersections, as drivers have to use common sense and safe-driving practices to navigate. Slow down, be ready to stop, and look for approaching and intersecting traffic before proceeding. Yield to pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles already at the intersection. Unpaved roads Unpaved roads follow the same laws and regulations as other roads. Don't assume that you can do whatever you please on dirt or gravel roads. Unpaved roads are often located in rural areas, so be aware that they could be obscured by plants, bends in the road, or large objects. It can be more difficult to slow or even control your vehicle at higher speeds on dirt or gravel, so use caution, and be prepared for any intersections you may approach. Driveways; You won't find a great deal of traffic on driveways, but they count as intersections. Your view can be obscured by bushes, trees, buildings, and other objects. Use caution because you never know when a car or a child on a bike may suddenly appear. Highway on/off ramps; Highway ramps are not just intersections. They are high-speed intersections, so things can go wrong in a shorter time. Stay calm. If you remain calm, expressway ramps are among the smoothest intersections, so be aware that you are in an intersection and don't lose your cool. Junctions with side streets; Junctions with side streets or alleyways (common in urban settings) may be similar to driveways. The view of the side street often is obscured, so you won't see an approaching vehicle approaching until it arrives. A car can zip out of a side street and hit you. Drive slowly whenever you think there might be a side street.

When approaching an intersection

Cover the brake Observe yield signs and yellow lights Delay acceleration Use the "rule of thirds"

Natural safety council tips

Cover the brake: Covering the brake helps you prepare when approaching the intersection. With your foot hovering over the pedal, you'll be ready to push down at a moment's notice. This action will cut three-quarters of a second off your reaction time while braking. This might not seem like such a big deal, but that time saved could make a big difference in an emergency. It can be the difference between a collision and safe passage. Observe yield signs and yellow lights: Yield and slow down when observing yellow signs or lights. When moving at slower speeds, you'll have more time to react to any erratic behavior and enact any evasive maneuvers. Delay acceleration - After you've completely stopped at an intersection, make sure the coast is clear before you accelerate. A driver could blow through an intersection, even though you have the right-of-way. For your safety, look for vehicles that may be speeding towards the intersection with no intention of stopping. Use the "rule of thirds." When approaching an intersection, use the rule of thirds. Maintain a safe speed for the first third of the block, Signal your intent to turn and get in the proper lane for the second third Apply the brake to stop at the final third.

Double solid white lines

Crossing a double solid line is not allowed.

D

Decide; Slowing or stopping your car Changing direction — turning, changing lanes, or swerving Signaling a warning to other drivers through the use of your turn signals, stoplights, or horn Accelerating

Intersection accidents

Delayed perception Speeding vehicle False assumptions

Green

Direction or guidance

Stopping

Does not encroach over stop line, crosswalk, keeps vehicle wheels pointed straight ahead while stopped, does not turn wheels until actually beginning to make the turn, maintains an adequate gap between vehicles (rear wheels of vehicle ahead are visible and/or uses two (2) second following distance to stop).

Line of Sight Through Curve mental checklist:

Does the curve go to the right or to the left? Is the end of the curve visible? How sharp is the curve? What is the lane's width? What are the shoulder conditions within the curve? What is the posted speed limit around the curve? How congested is the traffic up ahead? Is the curve on an upward or downward grade? Is the total view of the curve obstructed in any way? Can an exit point on the curve be determined?

Emergency "Don'ts"

Don't panic! — The most important thing for you to do when you're faced with an emergency is to remain calm. If you remain calm, you will be able to take care of yourself and your car just fine, but if you freak out, who knows what could happen. Watch where you walk — Do not leave your car and walk on the traveled part of the road. It's dangerous and illegal. You could get a ticket or hit by a car. Don't expect everyone to see you — Some drivers may not notice you as early as they should, especially at night — this can put you in serious danger. Try to make sure you are as visible as possible, but be aware some drivers may not see you, no matter what.

Door locks

Door locks are indicated by the image of a key in a rectangle or square and are usually located on the door.

Under the hood

Engine Coolant Reservoir Windshield Wiper Fluid Engine Oil Filler Cap Transmission Fluid Engine Oil Dipstick Brake Fluid Reservoir Clutch Fluid Reservoir Battery Power Steering Fluid Reservoir Accessory Drive Belts Air Filter Assembly

Lane Selection

Enters/exits traffic from proper lane, approaches intersections in proper lane, ends maneuver in proper lane

Items you should be constantly looking for include:

Erratic or disabled cars Passengers or pedestrians who might be running across the road Road warning signs Directional signs People on motorcycles or bicycles Merging traffic Road hazards

When you approach a curve to the left, you should:

Establish a clear line of sight. Adjust lane position to the left at beginning of curve. Move vehicle to apex (the highest point) of the curve. Move back to the center as you head out of the apex. Adjust lane position for maximum visibility. Establish visual sight with end of curve. Adjust speed and lane position for maximum safety at end of curve.

When you approach a curve to the right, you should:

Establish a clear line of sight. Check behind you. Adjust lane position for maximum visibility. Establish visual sight with end of curve. Adjust speed and lane position for maximum safety at end of curve.

Evaluate

Evaluating is where you decide what decision is the best to make, based on any potential hazards in your path and the information at hand.

E

Execute; Time to execute your plan. Put you observations and decision into action.

slow moving vehicle emblem

Farm tractors and machinery, road construction machinery, animal-drawn vehicles and certain other motor vehicles designed to travel at 25 miles per hour or less must display the slow-moving vehicle emblem.

Controlled Brake ("Squeeze On")

Firm braking that is firm enough to slow your car without losing balance, allowing you to maintain effective traction in both your front and back wheels.

Before you get in the car

First, evaluate the tires of the vehicle, While checking the tires, be sure to evaluate the area surrounding your car. If you spot an upturned nail, you can kick it aside or be sure to avoid it, What direction your tires are facing Evidence of leaks, New damage to the body, Low tire pressure, Broken glass, What direction the car will move when it is placed in gear, Debris that could interfere with your movement,

Brakes

Foot Brake - must stop the car within a distance of 25 feet at a speed of 20 mph. Parking Brake - should be adequate to stop and hold the car.

horizontal rectangle

Generally for guide signs

Fan Speed Indicator

Generally located in the center console, this vertical thumbwheel allows you to control the intensity of the air, usually providing four options for how much air is released at what rate.

Emergency "Dos":

Get out of the way — If the road has a shoulder, pull over here. If the road doesn't have a shoulder, pull safely off the road. Alert other drivers — Turn on your emergency flashers. If they aren't working, leave your low beams on or turn on your parking lights with your right turn signal and dome light (the interior light on the ceiling of your car). Basically, shine as much light as you can, so that you're as visible as possible. If you have flares or reflective gear, such as pylons, triangles, etc., put them out. Place them 100 to 500 feet behind your car to the right side edge of the road. This, of course, is so others can see you and won't crash into you. If the weather is okay, put up the hood of your car. This is a signal to others that you need help. Another signal for help is to tie a piece of white cloth to your antenna or door handle. Keep something in your "emergency kit" for this purpose. Stick around — If possible, be sure to stay with the car until help comes, especially if you're broken down on an interstate highway or freeway. Highway Patrol cars monitor these at regular intervals, so they're likely to find you before long. If you have to leave the car, be sure to carry a flashlight with you as you walk (something you need to make sure you have in your "emergency kit"). Also, be sure to walk on the left side of the road or left shoulder, facing traffic. Just as important as making sure drivers see you is to make sure that you see them.

Hand-Over-Hand Steering

Hand-over-hand" steering should only be used in special situations. It's called hand-over-hand steering because sometimes, to make a sudden turn, the left hand will cross to the right side and right hand will cross to the left side of the steering wheel.

Right control panel

Headlamp Control Fuse Panel — Don't confuse this with the fuse panel that controls various functions such as the engine and ABS from the engine compartment. Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch Side vent

Left Control Panel

Headlight control Cruise Control On/Off — This switch should be located on the left side of your steering wheel. It will usually have three options abbreviated set/acc, coast, and resume.

Functional Levers

Headlight high/low beam switch Windshield Wipers and Washers Turn Signal Switch Parking Brake Release

I

Identify; any objects or circumstances that may be potentially dangerous

Never drive on the left half of the roadway to pass:

If the road is marked as a no passing zone If there are two or more lanes in each direction Within 100 feet of an intersection, railroad crossing, bridge, viaduct, or tunnel On a hill, curve, or any place where vision is limited Never drive in the left lane, unless you're passing another vehicle on a two- or three-lane street, driving on a one-way street, or if the right side of the road is blocked

The right-of-way rules

If you arrive at an intersection at the same time as another driver and they are on your right, you should yield the right-of-way to them. If you arrive at an intersection at the same time as another driver and you are on their right, they should yield the right-of-way to you. Otherwise, whoever arrives at an intersection first should be yielded the right-of-way.

Avoid passing another driver:

If you cannot safely return to the right-hand side before coming within 200 feet of an oncoming vehicle If you cannot safely return to the right-hand side before the solid yellow line begins On a curve or hill when your view is obstructed Within 100 feet of a marked or unmarked intersection, or railroad crossing Within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel when view is obstructed

Electronic Traction Control System

If you have ETS, there will be an ETS Off button. On some cars if you are trying to drive on sheer ice or in other conditions where there is no available traction, you may have to turn ETS off to allow your wheels to spin. During extremely long braking ETS will shut off automatically to prevent your brakes from overheating.

Engine Temperature / Temperature Warning Light or Gauge

If your temperature indicator appears as a gauge on your instrument panel, the high temperature range is usually indicated by the color red. When the gauge needle moves into the red zone, this is the same as a warning light.

25mph

In a business district

Lift-off Braking

In vehicles that do not contain anti-lock brakes, you must carefully lift off of your brake pedal to steer around an obstruction, to prevent your wheels from locking up.

white

Indicate regulation

front limitation

Intersections Stopping position Perpendicular Parking

rearview mirror

It shall be so located as to be able to reflect a view of the highway for a distance of at least 200 feet to the rear of the vehicle.

Headrest

It's important to position your headrest so the top of the headrest is at the same level as the top of your ears

Areas of limited visibility

Keep your windshield clean Turn your headlights on in poor visibility Decrease your speed in poor visibility Increase your following distance in poor visibility

Left Side Limitations

Lane Position 2 Left Side Curb Parking

Right Side Limitations

Lane Position 3 Right Side Curb Parking

Maneuver grading factors; Performance requirements

Lane selection Lane management Signals Speed control Stopping Acceleration Observation General driving behavior

Types of Licenses

Learners permit, porvisional license, classified license (4 types Class A-for towing vehicles over 26,000 pounds, like trailer trucks Class B-for vehicles over 26,000 pounds, like buses. Class C-standard drivers license for passenger vehicles Class M-for motorcycles and mopeds COMMERCIAL LICENSE H- for transporting hazardous materials N-for vehicles that include a cargo tank P-for transporting passengers S-for school buses T-for vehicles that haul multiple trailers X-for transporting hazardous materials in tanks

Points: Violation

Leaving scene of accident - 12 points Driving while intoxicated or under the influence of drugs - 12 points Driving while ability is impaired by alcohol - 8 points Speed contests - 12 points Eluding or attempting to elude a police officer - 12 points Reckless driving - 8 points Careless driving - 4 points Failure to yield right-of-way - 3 points Speeding over posted limit: 5-9 mph - 1 point 10-19 mph - 4 points 20-39 mph - 6 points 40-or more mph - 12 points Failure to stop for a school bus - 6 points Driving on wrong side of road - 4 points Failure to maintain or show proof of insurance - 4 points Improper passing - 4 points Failure to observe traffic sign or signal - 4 points Improper turn - 3 points Driving through safety zone - 3 points Driving in wrong lane or direction on one-way street - 3 points Failure to signal or improper signal - 2 points Failure to yield to emergency vehicle - 4 points Improper backing - 2 points Failure to dim or turn on lights - 2 points Operating an unsafe vehicle - 2 points

Driving test will be scored based on how well I perform these maneuvers

Left and right turns Stop intersections Through intersections Lane changes in traffic General driving behavior Merging into and out of traffic

Basic three hand signals

Left turn - left hand, held straight out the driver's side window Right turn - left hand, held pointing straight up, out the driver's side window Stopping or slowing down - left hand, held pointing straight down, out the driver's side window

When Not To Pass

Long Line of Vehicles Ahead Oncoming Vehicle Too Close Intention to Stop or Turn Vehicle Ahead Is at or Near the Speed Limit Sight Distance Ahead Is Limited Maneuver Cannot Be Completed Before Reaching a "No Passing Zone

Search Practices

Look ahead — The ability to look ahead 15-20 seconds in distance allows the driver to search the forward landscape for possible roadway obstacles, such as potholes, unaware pedestrians, unleashed pets, or other road impediments. Plan ahead — The slower you're driving, the more time you have to assess the driving conditions and enact an alternative strategy. Alternative paths of travel — Check out whether or not there is a safe distance between you and the vehicle directly ahead of you. If there isn't, you may need to consider an alternative path of travel (such as another lane). By most estimates, a safe distance gap should be at least four seconds.

Approaching an intersection

Look both ways and be ready to brake or stop. Slow down as appropriate just before entering the intersection, but not while crossing the intersection. Refrain from passing or changing lanes. Be aware of vehicles behind you. Will other vehicles be able to stop if necessary? Look for cyclists and pedestrians who may be crossing the intersection from any direction. Look for motorists on the cross streets who may be blocking a pedestrian, cyclist, or small vehicle from your view.

Check for Blind Spots

Look over your shoulder to make sure no one is already in the lane you want to use for passing.

Reducing Risk Entering the Roadway

Make sure to look for a proper entrance that's clearly marked and safe. If you're driving over gravel or grass, you're not on a proper entrance route. Always keep your eyes open for potential conflicts like a broken-down car or traffic that's starting to back up on the entrance ramp. The farther ahead you can see, the more time you will have to react. As you're entering the roadway, adjust your speed. The speed limit may be 70 mph, but if traffic is averaging 35 mph, that's the speed you should be going. Unless there is a meter or sign, avoid stopping on the entrance ramp. People coming onto the ramp are expecting to accelerate, and they may have a difficult time avoiding you, especially if they cannot see you around a curve. Always merge smoothly with moving traffic. This means that you should not make any jerky movements with the steering wheel. Your movements should be subtle and feel natural. Once you have found your pocket of space, put on your blinker and slowly make your move. Don't try to merge too quickly. If there's someone in your blind spot, you won't have time to react. Just relax. Create space around your vehicle. Keep using those space management techniques. The more space you have between you and the other vehicles, the less likely you are to hit something.

Single solid yellow line

Marks the left edge of the pavement on divided highways and one-way streets.

Black

More rarer the white sings mean the same thing

12V

Most cars contain additional power sources. This may be indicated by a symbol that reads "12V" and has a circle around it; this means it is a 12-volt extension outlet