DSM 32: The Internal Environment of Animals: Organization and Regulation

Which of the following animals exhibits the most flexible osmoregulatory and excretory systems?

A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean and a vampire bat.

ADH and the RAAS both increase water reabsorption, but they respond to different osmoregulatory problems. Which two of the following statements are true?

ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea.

Which of the following are connective tissues?

Adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, and bone.

An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following statements is not accurate?

Because steroid hormones influence gene expression, they produce a faster response in target cells.

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of urine flow in vertebrates?

Collecting tubule ureter bladder urethra.

Which of the following sections of the mammalian nephron is incorrectly paired with its function?

Descending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion of urea out of the filtrate

The process of reabsorption in the formation of urine ensures that __________.

Glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood.

The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid __________.

Has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, and can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg.

The mechanism for the filtration of the blood with the nephron involves __________.

High hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary

When your body temperature is too __________, __________ helps to correct the situation because it __________.

High; peripheral vasodilation; redirects heat from the body core to the environment.

During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.

Hypothalamus; higher.

Which of the following statements is not true of connective tissue?

It forms the internal and external lining of many organs.

Which of the following would be least likely to be true of an animal that is a regulator?

It has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size.

The finding that MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) causes frog skin cells to darken when added to the interstitial fluid but has no effect on color when injected into the cells supports which of the following ideas?

MSH binds to cell surface receptors.

Negative feedback loops are __________.

Mechanisms that most commonly maintain homeostasis.

"Striated" is a description that could apply to which kind of animal tissue?

Muscle.

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO2 rises sharply. The CO2 in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of __________ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are __________.

Negative; restoring the CO2 concentration to a set point.

A freshwater fish would be expected to __________.

Produce copious quantities of dilute urine.

The anterior pituitary __________.

Receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds.

The interstitial fluid of vertebrates __________.

Surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes.

Which one of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its site of production?

TSH - thyroid.

A tropic hormone is a hormone __________.

That stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones.

Transport epithelia are responsible for __________.

The movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion.

Which of the following mechanisms dissipates heat?

Vasodilation of surface vessels.