dudek chapter 21 quiz
A client has recurrent urinary tract infections. Which of the following is the BEST advice the nurse can give her?
"Drink at least two servings of cranberry juice a day."
A client has an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 20 ml/min and weighs 50 kilograms. Her predialysis diet for nondiabetic kidney disease should contain approximately how many grams of high biologic value protein per day?
15
The nurse recommended that a client follow a low-protein predialysis diet to delay the progression of his nondiabetic renal disease. The client weighs 100 kilograms and is working to control his hypertension. How many grams of protein should he consume per day?
30 to 60
A client has nephrotic syndrome and weighs 50 kilograms. How many grams of protein should she consume a day?
35 to 40
A client weighs 100 kilograms and has nephrotic syndrome. At least how many grams of protein should he consume from protein sources such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and soy?
35 to 40
A client weighs 100 kilograms and has nephrotic syndrome. At least how many calories should he consume to spare protein and maintain weight?
3500
A client was in a car accident and has acute kidney injury. His urine output is 250 ml per day. His recommended fluid intake is ____ ml per day.
750
A diabetic predialysis patient with chronic kidney disease weighs 100 kilograms. How many grams of protein should he consume a day?
80 to 100
What percentage of kidney stones are found to contain calcium?
80%
For clients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis, the nurse should emphasize which of the following nutrition guidelines?
Drink 1 litre of fluid plus amount of urine output daily
The nurse is educating a patient who has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease regarding strategies that may help to promote dietary adherence to a CKD diet. Which of the following is included in this diet? Select all that apply.
Encourage family and friends to support the patient socially. Provide positive messages about what to eat rather than emphasizing what foods to avoid. Encourage consumption of low-protein foods.
The nurse has two patients, each with a urine output of 400 ml per day. One has chronic kidney disease and is on hemodialysis, and the other has acute kidney injury. Which of the following is CORRECT about the recommended fluid intake?
It is higher for the hemodialysis patient than for the acute kidney injury patient.
Which of the following diets is least likely to be recommended for patients with kidney stones?
Low carbohydrate diet
Why should megadoses of vitamin C be avoided in patients who are prone to calcium oxalate stones?
Megadoses of vitamin C increase oxalate production.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT in considering phosphorus in predialysis nutrition therapy for people with chronic kidney disorder?
Phosphorous intake is decreased when protein intake is restricted.
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by urinary losses of which of the following nutrients?
Plasma proteins
A 24-year-old hospitalized client has a glomerular filtration rate of 125 milliliters per minute. The nurse recognizes which of the following is true about this clinical data?
The GFR is normal.
For which of the following reasons do the kidneys play an important role in the metabolism of calcium?
The kidneys convert vitamin D to an active form
A patient's urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is 3 mg/g. The nurse recognizes which of the following is true, based on this information?
The ratio is normal.
Which of the following is a CORRECT statement about the function of the kidneys?
They secrete renin.
The nurse is caring for a client with advanced chronic kidney disease has begun dialysis. Which of the following would be the best way to limit his phosphorus levels yet maintain his protein levels?
Use phosphate binders.
The nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury. The client is in a hypercatabolic state. Which of the following metabolic changes are likely to occur for this client?
abnormal carbohydrate breakdown
Which of the following is lost in the dialysis solution that is used to extract wastes and fluid from the blood and affects dietary recommendations?
albumin
A client has a kidney disease that does not allow her to produce erythropoietin. Which of the following problems should the nurse expect?
anemia
Which of the following helps to maintain acid-base balance?
bicarbonate
A client on hemodialysis has been advised to limit his potassium intake. Which of the following food should the nurse recommend the client include in the eating pattern.?
boiled carrots
Increased blood phosphate can lead to which of the following?
bone pain.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism can increase deposits of calcium and phosphorus in all of the following EXCEPT:
bone.
Increased bicarbonate ions can decrease pH because bicarbonate is a(n) _____ hydrogen ions.
buffer that binds
The majority of kidney stones are composed of which of the following?
calcium oxalate.
Patients with hypercalciuria should limit sodium intake because sodium decreases which of the following?
calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.
A predialysis patient has chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Which of the following would be the best food choice for him?
calcium-fortified orange juice
A client's predialysis diet recommendations include limiting his phosphorus and protein intake. The nurse recognizes this client is risk for consuming an inadequate amount of which nutrient?
calcium.
Which of the following is characterized by a gradual decline in renal function related to progressive irreversible nephron damage?
chronic kidney disease
With decreased kidney function, which of the following occurs?
decreased potassium excretion
Increased hydrogen ion concentration:
decreases pH.
Which of the following is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease?
diabetes
Which of the following is a signaling molecule that travels in the blood to reach its cellular target receptors?
erythropoietin
Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?
erythropoietin
People with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones should not exceed the recommended daily allowance of protein because protein increases which of the following?
excretion of stone-forming substances.
The nurse is caring for a client who has high levels of plasma triglycerides. Based on this lab finding, which of the following diagnoses should the nurse expect to find in the client's hospital chart?
hyperlipidemia.
A client is excreting elevated levels of a salt of oxalic acid in her urine. She has:
hyperoxaluria.
In a client with a nephrotic syndrome, which of the following results from protein excretion in the urine?
hypoalbuminemia.
Urinary losses of which of the following can cause increased risk of infection?
immunoglobulins
Patients with which of the following would have the highest recommended potassium intake?
kidney transplant
A client is on hemodialysis, and the dietician decided that a choice system would be best to maintain the client's dietary restrictions. From this choice list, the client could choose ____ fruits and vegetables?
low-potassium
Which of the following is a collection of symptoms that occurs when increased capillary permeability in the glomeruli allows serum proteins to leak into the urine?
nephrotic syndrome
Which of the following is produced from ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine?
nitrogenous waste
A client is in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect?
normal urine volume
The nurse is teaching a group of patients about kidney stone prevention. The nurse understands that approximately 75% of kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate. Which of the following should the nurse tell the patients are sources of oxalate? Select all that apply.
nuts fruits grains legumes
The nurse recognizes that aldosterone helps to prevent hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease. It does this by stimulating which of the following actions?
potassium excretion.
Osteodystrophy can result from ____ in blood.
prevention of high phosphate concentration
The nurse is seeing a client with kidney disease. The nurse correctly explains that one of the main goals of nutrition therapy is to reduce which of the following?
protein excretion in urine.
Serum levels affect the actual allowance of all of the following nutrients EXCEPT:
protein.
Which of the following activates the precursor of angiotensin?
renin
Aldosterone may lead to hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Which of the following mechanisms is the cause of this?
sodium reabsorption.
Which of the following high biologic value sources may be better than others at decreasing protein in urine?
soy
The nurse recognizes which of the following diagnoses indicates the client is experiencing kidney failure?
stage 5 chronic kidney disease
A client is on hemodialysis for stage 5 renal disease. The client's calorie intake recommendation is ____ that for someone with nephrotic syndrome.
the same as
The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a condition in which his body is unable to excrete uric acid and urea. The nurse is caring for a client with which of the following diagnoses?
uremic syndrome.
Which of the following is an estimate of 24-hour urinary albumin excretion?
urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
Chronic kidney disease patients on a low-protein predialysis diet may benefit from supplements of all of the following EXCEPT:
vitamin A.
Urinary losses of which of the following can cause changes in blood calcium?
vitamin D-binding proteins