EAQ - Chapter 19: Care of Patients With Cardiac Disorders

Which medications may be used to treat heart failure at home? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Atenolol 2) Diltiazem 3) Lidocaine 4) Furosemide 5) Amiodarone

1) Atenolol 2) Diltiazem 4) Furosemide

Which statements are correct about heart failure in America? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Cardiac dysrhythmias can contribute to heart failure. 2) African Americans have a higher incidence of heart failure. 3) Most patients diagnosed with heart failure will die within 3 years. 4) Heart failure is defined as a potentially fatal irregular heart rhythm. 5) Approximately 550,000 Americans are newly diagnosed each year.

1) Cardiac dysrhythmias can contribute to heart failure. 2) African Americans have a higher incidence of heart failure. 5) Approximately 550,000 Americans are newly diagnosed each year.

Discharge instructions for a patient with mild heart failure (HF) would include which teaching points? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Daily weight monitoring 2) Increasing sodium intake 3) Balancing rest with physical activity 4) Adverse medication side effects to report 5) Symptom changes to report to the health care provider

1) Daily weight monitoring 3) Balancing rest with physical activity 4) Adverse medication side effects to report 5) Symptom changes to report to the health care provider

Which drug classes are commonly used to treat heart failure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Digitalis 2) Loop diuretics 3) Venous vasodilators 4) Antineoplastic medications 5) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

1) Digitalis 2) Loop diuretics 3) Venous vasodilators 5) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Which food selection is the lowest in saturated fat and the most appropriate meal choice for a patient with heart disease? 1) Salmon and rice 2) Steak and a baked potato 3) Broiled lamb chops and a salad 4) Orange juice and a bagel with cream cheese and jelly

1) Salmon and rice

Which information would the nurse include when teaching a patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator? 1) Request a handheld security device at airport security. 2) Avoid exposure to microwave towers and transformers. 3) The pulse generator is smaller than a regular pacemaker. 4) Wear eye protection when using arc-welding equipment.

2) Avoid exposure to microwave towers and transformers.

Which signs and symptoms are associated with left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Ascites 2) Dyspnea 3) Weight loss 4) Hepatomegaly 5) Pale, clammy skin

2) Dyspnea 5) Pale, clammy skin

Which term describes a necrotic area of the heart caused by decreased blood flow? 1) Ischemia 2) Infarction 3) Arrhythmia 4) Cardiac tamponade

2) Infarction

Which factors would the nursing team consider when planning care for a patient with pericarditis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Cardiac output may increase significantly. 2) Pericardial effusion may lead to cardiac tamponade. 3) Pericardiocentesis may be done to remove fluid accumulation. 4) This is an inflammatory process that increases the elasticity of the ventricles. 5) This inflammation of the pericardium causes the layers to rub against each other, which is known as a pericardial friction rub.

2) Pericardial effusion may lead to cardiac tamponade. 3) Pericardiocentesis may be done to remove fluid accumulation. 5) This inflammation of the pericardium causes the layers to rub against each other, which is known as a pericardial friction rub.

For which reason may a health care provider recommend a pacemaker for a patient with a third-degree atrioventricular block? 1) It is not needed because the heart rate is still sufficient to sustain adequate cardiac output. 2) The atria and ventricles are beating independently, and the actual heart rate may be very low. 3) The atria do not contract on their own, so a pacemaker is necessary to cause contraction. 4) The atrioventricular node is conducting atrial impulses to the ventricles, and this is enough to sustain adequate cardiac output.

2) The atria and ventricles are beating independently, and the actual heart rate may be very low.

Which dysrhythmia would definitely result in death without cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)? 1) Atrial fibrillation 2) Ventricular fibrillation 3) Ventricular tachycardia 4) Premature ventricular contractions

2) Ventricular fibrillation

Heart failure is commonly caused by which issue? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Respiratory failure 2) Deep vein thrombosis 3) Coronary artery disease 4) Uncontrolled hypertension 5) Peripheral vascular disease

3) Coronary artery disease 4) Uncontrolled hypertension

Which factors can precipitate heart failure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Hypotension 2) Sinus rhythm 3) Hypothyroidism 4) Atrial fibrillation 5) Systemic infection (sepsis)

3) Hypothyroidism 4) Atrial fibrillation 5) Systemic infection (sepsis)

Poor oral hygiene can lead to which cardiac issue? 1) Heart failure 2) Cardiac tamponade 3) Infective endocarditis 4) Premature ventricular contractions

3) Infective endocarditis

For which reason may digitalis be used to treat a patient with heart failure? 1) It reduces fluid retention in the lungs and lower extremities. 2) It slows the heart down if tachycardia is causing heart failure. 3) It increases the force of heart contraction, thereby increasing cardiac output. 4) It relaxes and dilates the blood vessels to allow the vessels to accommodate larger percentages of the total blood volume.

3) It increases the force of heart contraction, thereby increasing cardiac output.

Which factor increases susceptibility to infective endocarditis? 1) Antineoplastic therapy 2) Untreated tuberculosis 3) Untreated group A Streptococcus 4) Premature ventricular contractions

3) Untreated group A Streptococcus

Which alteration in cardiac rhythm is the most serious type of arrhythmia? 1) Atrial fibrillation 2) Sinus bradycardia 3) Ventricular fibrillation 4) Supraventricular tachycardia

3) Ventricular fibrillation

Digitalis causes which action to help treat heart failure? 1) Increases the heart rate 2) Decreases cardiac output 3) Decreases the diameters of the arteries 4) Increases the force of the heart contraction

4) Increases the force of the heart contraction

Which information would alert the nurse to the presence of heart failure? 1) K+: 5.5 2) CO2: 35 3) Hemoglobin: 18 4) Presence of jugular vein distention (JVD)

4) Presence of jugular vein distention (JVD)