Earth Science -- Chapter 1 Review
Water freezes at ___ degrees Celsius.
0
Density of water?
1 gram / cm^3
Water boils at ___ degrees Celsius.
100
Water boils at ___ degrees Fahrenheit.
212
Water freezes at ___ degrees Kelvin.
273
Water freezes at ___ degrees Fahrenheit.
32
Water boils at ___ degrees Kelvin.
373
Which is true of scientific models? A. They never change B. They must be true for at least 10 years C. They will be modified with new observations and data D. They are generally the work of one scientist
???
Variable
A factor that can change in an experiment
Density
A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume.
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
Scientific Notation
A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. i.e. 8256992357 = 8.26 x 10^9
Scientific Law
A scientific law is a statement based on information applied through the universe.
Scientific Model
A scientific model is a research method scientist use to replicate real-world systems.
Scientific Method
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
Constant
A value that does not change
Identify the Earth systems that is labeled A A. Atmosphere B. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Geosphere
A. Atmosphere
Which type of research is this scientist conducting? A. Field Research B. Lab Research C. Library Research D. Biological Research
A. Field Research
0 degress Kelvin is...?
Absolute Zero; Coldest possible temperature; unattainable.
Standards
Accepted levels of behavior to which individual behavior is compared.
Hydrosphere
All the water at and near the surface of the earth (in the atmosphere), 97% of which is in oceans
Mass
Amount of matter in an object
Volume
Amount of space occupied by an object.
Compare and contrast an investigation and an experiment.
An investigation is the action of examining someone or something for an extended period of time. An experiment is a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis or demonstrate a known fact.
? = Length x Height
Area
Their measurements come from features of the _______ and hydrosphere, and they look at how weather affects the _______ and geosphere.
Atmosphere , Biosphere
Identify the Earth system that is labeled B A. Atmosphere B. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Geosphere
B. Biosphere
Which type of scientist is shown above? A. Oceanographer B. Geologist C. Astronomer D. Meteorology
B. Geologist
Which type makes up 97% of Earth's water? A. Groundwater B. Salt Water C. Freshwater D. Spring Water
B. Salt Water
Earth Science
Branch of science that specifically studies the earth and all of its characteristics
Select the correct scientific notation for 150,000,000 km. A. 150 x 10^6 km B. 15 x 10^7 km C. 1.5 x 10^8 km D. 0.15 x 10^9 km
C. 1.5 x 10^8 km
Which one of these is not a specialized area of Earth science? A. Astronomy B. Environmental Science C. Technology D. Oceanography
C. Technology
Which is a sequence of steps a scientist might use to conduct an investigation? A. analysis, test, question, conclude B. test, question, conclude, analysis C. question, test, analysis, conclude D. conclude, test, question, analysis
C.question, test, analysis, conclude
Biosphere
Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
? = Mass / Volume
Density
Length
Distance between two points
Geology, Biosphere
Geology is the study of earth. The Biosphere is all of the living organisms located on the earth.
4 main areas of specialization
Geology, Meteorology, Oceanology, Astronomy, Environmental Science
4 main earth systems
Geosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere
Control
In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
The ________ ______ is the one factor that can be manipulated by the experimenter.
Independent Variable
Le Systeme International d'Unites (SI)
International set of units (Meters, Liters, Seconds)
Temperature is measured in...?
Kelvin (K)
Most scientific studies and experiments use a standard system of units called ______________________
Le Systeme International d'Unites (SI)
In the field of _________, scientists measure the temperature, pressure, and humidity.
Meteorology
Why would a meteorologist need an understanding of Earth's hydrosphere?
Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and how the weather changes and is caused. Meteorologist need to understand the hydrosphere because the water located on earth and in the atmosphere have a lot to do with the weather and the way it changes.
Meteorology, Atmosphere
Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, climate and temperature. The atmosphere is where all of that occurs.
Identify some SI Units.
Meters, Kilograms, Centimeters, Grams, Centimeters cubed, Meters cubed.
Oceanography, Cryosphere
Oceanography is the study of the ocean and all of the components in it. The Cryosphere is the frozen parts of the ocean like the glaciers.
The units of their measurements come from _____ and the metric system.
SI
Explain how technology relates to science.
Science and technology interact with each other constantly. Technology helps scientist conduct experiments and solutions to the natural world.
When conducting experiments, scientists use the ________ ______ to help guide their process.
Scientific Method
Scientist use a form of shorthand called _______ ________ to express very large or very small numbers.
Scientific Notation
The numbers generally are not large, so _______ _______ is not used.
Scientific Notation
Time is measured in...?
Seconds
Atmosphere
The envelope of gases that surrounds Earth. The gases include Nitrogen (approximately 78%), Oxygen (approximately 21%), Carbon Dioxide (approximately .04%(400 ppm)), Water Vapor, Helium, Methane, Neon
Dependent Variable
The experimental factor that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. Always on the Y axis.
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. Always on the X axis.
Hydrosphere, Atmosphere
The hydrosphere is all of the water on earth including the water in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a layer of gases.
Geosphere, Mantle
The mantle is a section in the geosphere
Geosphere
The mostly solid, rocky part of the earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust.
Area
The number of square units required to cover a surface.
Meteorology
The science that deals with the phenomena of the atmosphere, especially weather and weather conditions
Explain what the scientific methods are and why they are so important.
The scientific methods are steps to help you do an experiment and stay on track while conducting said experiment. It helps you correct any mistakes you might have and also to show others how you got to the result that you achieved in the conclusion.
Astronomy
The scientific study of the universe
Scientific Theory
The scientific theory is used to explain things.
Science
The study of how things work
Oceanology
The study of the Earth's oceans
Environmental Science
The study of the natural processes that occur in the environment and how humans can affect them.
Geology
The study of the physical nature, structure, and history of the earth
Summarize each of the Earth's systems and explain their relationship to each other.
There are four main Earth systems. The geosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and the hydrosphere. The geosphere is split into three regions, the crust, the mantle, and the core. The atmosphere is a blanket of gases that surround earth from its surface up to several thousand feet. The biosphere contains all of Earth's organisms (living and nonliving) within a few meters of the crust. Lastly, the hydrosphere, contains all the water on earth including the water in the atmosphere. The relationship between all four of these systems is that they are all related to the earth and they we need all of these to have a functioning earth.
When ice is heated above 0 degrees Celsius, it melts. Is this a theory or a law?
This statement is a law because a law states something that happens in nature. It also has been tested and approved, we know for a fact that when ice is heated about 0 degrees Celsius, it melts.
? = Length x Width x Height
Volume
Why might a graph be more helpful in explaining data than just writing the results in words?
With a graph, you can see all of the different fluctuations in the data.