EARTH SCIENCE - lesson 1 exam
What's a pluton?
A body of igneous rock that forms within Earth's crust
The image shows information about the element carbon as it appears in the periodic table. Based on the image, which statement is accurate?
A carbon atom has six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons.
Which of the following can be expressed as a mathematical formula?
A scientific law
Which phrase describes a scientific theory?
A thoroughly tested and widely accepted explanation
What's the most common extrusive igneous rock on Earth?
Basalt
According to the image, the atomic mass of carbon is 12.011. How is the atomic mass of carbon, or any other element, determined?
By adding the number of protons and the number of neutrons
During which stage of sedimentary rock formation do minerals crystallize at points of contact with other clasts?
Cementation
Which of these conditions does not contribute to the weathering of rock on Earth's surface?
Constant high pressure
Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?
Hardness
Which phrase does not describe a mineral?
Organic solid
Which element in magma is most abundant?
Oxygen
Read the following scenario: A student conducts an experiment to see how music affects plant growth. The student obtains four identical plants. Each one is potted in the same type of soil and receives the same amount of sunlight and water each day. Plant A listens to classical music for three hours each day. Plant B listens to rock music for three hours each day. Plant C listens to country music for three hours each day. Plant D does not listen to any music at all. In the experiment described in the scenario, which group represents the control group?
Plant D
Two atoms are bonded through the unequal sharing of electrons. Which type of bond exists between the atoms?
Polar covalent
Geologists conclude that the clasts in Layer A are older than the layer itself. Which geologic principle do the geologists use to draw this conclusion?
Principle of inclusion
Which geological principle accounts for the tilting of the layers in the sedimentary rock shown in the image?
Principle of original horizontality
Which of the following is a chemical property of pure water?
Pure water has an acidity of about 7 on the pH scale.
Who is credited with first documenting the use of the scientific method?
Sir Francis Bacon
A geologist determines that a sample of a mineral can't be scratched by a steel nail but can be scratched by a masonry drill bit. Based on this information, the sample mineral has to be softer than
corundum.
What are the two classes of pure substances?
elements and compounds
Claystone and shale are examples of
mudrock.