EC-6 Generalist: Social Studies: Texas History
City of Goliad
After the defeat at the Alamo, Santa Anna continued marching against rebels, took a city and killed more than 300 rebels. This lead to the patriotic emotion of Texas and US that eventually led to the victory against Mexico.
Native Americans in the Central Plains, Flatland, Hills
Apache (Central/Western Texas)-Farming and hunting domesticated horses and hunted bison
Cabeza de Vaca
*1528, First Spanish exploration of the territory, today known as Texas; *When Cabeza de vaca and 3 companions landed in the territory and made contact with the Caddo in the southeastern part of the state near modern day Houston. *In his account of the meeting, de vaca described the Caddo as a very sophisticated native American group. *From there, Cabeza de Vaca continued exploring the region of modern day new Mexico and Arizona. *No other significant events happened in the region until 1541, when Francisco Vazquez de Coronado explored Texas.
The Alamo
*1718, Originally named Mission San Antonio de Valero. The church was built by Spanish Franciscan friars in order to convert the local Indians to Christianity. *The soldiers referred to the old mission as the Spanish word for "cottonwood" in honor of their hometown Alamo de Parras. *The Alamo was home to both Revolutionaries and Royalists during Mexico's ten-year struggle for independence. The military — Spanish, Rebel, and then Mexican — continued to occupy the Alamo until the Texas Revolution.
Stephen Austin
*Know as the "Father of Texas" and son of Moses Austin, *He negotiated with Mexicans after they took control of Texas to bring Anglo-Americans to Texas. *Mexicans jailed Austin for a year 1835, the settlers were the majority which antagonized the Mexican government and resulted in war. *support the drive for Texas independence. *Took command of the attack on Mexican troops led by Juan Sequin at San Antonio *1835 began to act as commissioner to the United States, traveling to Washington to seek military support and the eventual annexation of Texas by the United States. *defeated for the presidency by Sam Houston, but he served as secretary of state until his death on December 27, 1836.
History of Texas Before European Colonization
*Several native American groups inhabited the territory known today as Texas. *The 3 groups living in the coastal plans-the Coahuiltecans, Karankawas, Caddos- were food gathers, fisherman, and farmers. When the Spanish arrived in Texas, they made initial contact with these groups. *The name Texas and the state motto of friendship came as result of contact with the Caddos. *A fourth group, the Jumanos, lived in the mountains and basins of west Texas. *The last 2 groups are the Comanches and Apaches. *These 2 groups co-existed with Europeans and resisted the colonization efforts. After they domesticated horses, previously introduced by the Spanish, the *Comanches and Apaches became fearless warriors and successful buffalo hunters.
Juan de Onate (1595)
1595, Onate received permission from King Phillip of Spain to colonize New Mexico. In 1598 he founded the first European settlement west of the Mississippi in New Mexico.
First Mission in Texas (1682)
1682, Corpus Christi de la Isleta, the first mission and pueblo Ysleta-del Sur in Texas near the present day city of El Paso. By Antonio de Otermín and Fray Francisco de Ayetaqqv and was maintained by Franciscans for Christianizing the Tigua Indians. After this mission, no serious efforts were made to colonize the area until the French began to threaten the Spanish hegemony in east Texas.
Mexico obtained its independence from the Spanish in what year and control of what colony?
1821 and took control of the colony of Texas
The Texas War for Independence
1835, the town of Gonzales had a cannon to protect the colonists from the Indians. The Mexican government order soldiers to take the cannon but the colonists refused and fired the cannon. Ended with the battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836
Texas Declaration of Independence
1836, a few days before the Battle of the Alamo, a group of Texans met at Washington to form a new government. An interim government for the Republic of Texas with David G. Burnett as President and Lorenzo de Zavala as Vice President.
Republic of Texas
1836-1845, was an independent nation, despite economic hardships typical of new nations, Texas managed to remain independent for 10 years; recognized by several nations in the world including the US. It was unable to secure it borders and reverse its financial situation and sought the support of the United States.
Texas joins the united states
1845, Texas became the 28th state of the American union. Troops were then sent to secure the Texas boarder at the Rio Grande. These clashes led to congress declaring war on Mexico in 1846.
Confederacy Period (1861-1865)
1861, Texas Secedes from the Union. At the onset of the American Civil War, Texas left the union during and joined confederacy as proslavery state.
Texas was readmitted into the Union?
1870
Mexican-American War
Between 1846 and 1848, Mexico and the US waged a war that ended with a decisive victory and tremendous land acquisitions for the US. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexico surrendered Texas and established the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo) as the official border. Also had to release California and the territories known as the American Southwest.
Sam Houston
Born in Virginia in 1793, spent much of his later childhood in Tennessee with the company of Cherokee Indians, coming to know their language and customs well. Congress and Governor of Tennessee Commander of the Texas Army, defeated Santa Anna @ the battle of San Jacinto that gained Texas its independence. 1836, First Elected president of the Republic of Texas
Native Americans in the Coastal Plains, Flatland
Coahuiltecan (Rio Grande Valley)-food gathers and hunters. Karankawa (Southereastern Texas)-fishing and food gathers. Caddo (East Texas, Piney Woods)-farming
Native Americans in the Great Plains, Flatland, and Hills
Comanche-Hunters domesticated horses and hunted bison
3 Men who defended the Alamo?
David Crockett, Jim Bowie, William Travis
Texas Became the 28th State on?
December 29, 1845 (President James Polk)
Robert De la Salle (1682)
Established a French settlement in Fort Saint Louis in East Texas. A few years later, the Spanish expelled the French, and established a series of missions in east Texas to control the French threat in the region.
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda (1519)
Explores and maps Texas Coastline (First known European to explore and map the Texas Coastline)
David G. Burnett
Interim President of the Republic of Texas untill an election could be held.
Native Americans in the Mountains and Basins
Jumano (West Texas)-Farming and hunting built adobe homes.
Francisco Vazquez de Coronado (1542)
Led 1000 men in search for the mythical Seven Cities of Cilbola of gold, Golden cities, in Texas. Expedition left Mexico city and explored the southwestern us and northern Texas. In 1542, Coronado returned to Mexico empty handed. For the next 140 years, the Texas region remained isolated, and no other attempts were made to colonize it.
battle of san Jacinto
Near the river in Houston, led by Sam Houston. Lasted less than 20 minutes, Texans defeated the Mexicans and captured Santa Anna. In return for his freedom, signed the Treaty of Velasco; Santa Anna's troops had to withdraw from Texas; Gave Texas its independence as a nation 1836-1845.
What was discovered in 1901 near Beaumont, Texas?
Oil was discovered in the Spindletop Oil Field.. This made Texas the leading producer of oil in the US. Cities like Houston and Dallas became large urban and industrial centers.
Moses Austin (1820)
Received permission from the Spanish government to bring 300 Anglo-American families to settle in Texas on 200,000 acres. This agreement was voided when Mexico took control of the area. Moses Austin died before completing his plans and responsibility for establishing the colony fell to his son, Stephen F. Austin.
The Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836)
Resulted in Texas Independence
San Antonio (1718)
Spanish established a mission and a fort-- San Antonio de Valero and Fort San Antonio de Bexar- near what is now the city of San Antonio. These were established to provide protection and support to the settlements in East Texas.
Reconstruction Period (1865-1877)
Texas was briefly under occupation by Union troops for 12 years. Texas was allowed to rejoin the union in 1870. The KKK became very active at this time in Texas and other southern states terrorizing African Americans.
State Song of Texas
Texas, our Texas
Borders and Border States of Texas
The Country of Mexico and the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico. Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico.
Battle of the Alamo
The first meaningful battle of the Texas War for Independence took place near present day city of San Antonio in a small mission and fort known as the Alamo. Less than 200 men, led by Colonel William Travis. Joined by James Bowie and Davy Crockett. 1836, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and Mexican Army took the fort and killed all its defenders. Lasted 13 Days (March, 6 1836)
Treaty of Velasco
To end the Texas War for Independence, signed by interim president of Texas, David G. Burnett and Mexican President, Santa Anna and agree to: 1. hostilities would cease and that Santa Anna would withdraw his forces below the Rio Grande and not take up arms again against Texas. 2. the Texans agreed to release Santa Anna immediately in exchange for his pledge to use his influence to secure Mexican recognition of Texas independence.
Economic Development in Texas After Reconstruction
after reconstruction, Texas economy flourished, largely based on the growth of cattle industry. Barbed wire was introduced in 1880 and ranchers began using scientific cattle breeding to increase population and meat quality.
State Flower of Texas
bluebonnet
As a result of World War I and II, Texas?
emerged as a leading military training center. Several bases were established that brought economic growth. The rapid development of the aircraft industry and highly technological businesses led to rapid industrialization in the state. Texas was a leading state in defense industry and still relies on agriculture, ranching, and oil. New high-technology industries are rapidly becoming the top economic forces in the state.
State Motto of Texas
friendship
State Bird of Texas
mockingbird
State Tree of Texas
pecan
Six Flags Over Texas
refers to the different countries that have exerted control in Texas from 1519: 1. Spain (1519-1821), 2. France (1685-1690), 3. Mexico (1821-1836), 4. Republic of Texas (1836-1845), 5. United States (1845-1861), 6. Texas in the Confederacy (1861-1865), (5) USA "back to the American union" (1870-present).
