Ecology Chapter 1

An ecologist would conduct research on which of the following? -DNA replication in fish lip cells -Development of muscle fibers in squid embryos -Phytoplankton booms -Groups of plants on a mountain slope -Forest canopies

-Phytoplankton booms -Groups of plants on a mountain slope -Forest canopies

Which of the following are examples of how humans have affected the global environment? -deforestation -increased particulates in the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions -increases in atmospheric CO2 -desertification from overuse of groundwater -coastal flooding from tsunamis

-deforestation -increases in atmospheric CO2 -desertification from overuse of groundwater

Which of the following would be a research focus for a population ecologist? -effects of owl predation on the startle response of squirrels -effects of seed toxins on the growth of chipmunks -effects of hunters' "bag limits" on the number of white tail deer in a county -effects of grass fires on the reproductive rates of sage grouse -effects of wildfires on prong-horn antelope migrations

-effects of hunters' "bag limits" on the number of white tail deer in a county -effects of grass fires on the reproductive rates of sage grouse -effects of wildfires on prong-horn antelope migrations

Which of the following would be examples of a research focus for a landscape ecologist? -effects of climate change on the timing of salmon spawning runs -effects of nutrient input from bird feces on the diversity of aquatic insects in the stream -effects of nutrient inputs from dead salmon in a stream on the diversity of aquatic insects in that stream -effects of spawning salmon on refuge seeking behavior of aquatic insects in a stream

-effects of nutrient input from bird feces on the diversity of aquatic insects in that stream -effects of nutrient inputs from dead salmon in a stream on the diversity of aquatic insects in that stream

Which of the following would be a research focus for a physiological ecologist? -wildlife corridors on elk migration patterns -the growth of "helmet spines" on water fleas in response to fish predation -variation in flower color due to soil pH -role of seed dispersal on the diversity of plants in a meadow

-growth of helmet spines on water fleas -variation in flower color due to soil pH

An ecologist conducting research on American Bison (buffalo) could include which of the following in their research program? -male mate choice on pop growth rates -calf suckling behavior on survival rates -groundwater levels on stream flow -predation by wolves on calving -diversity of grasses on grazing rates

-male mate choice on pop growth rates -calf suckling behavior on survival rates -predation by wolves on calving -diversity of grasses on grazing rates

Which of the following would be considered to be part of a rainforest ecosystem? -glaciers -organisms -sand dunes -moon -physical environment

-organisms -physical environment

epiphyte

A plant that grows on the surface of another plant but is not a parasite since it gets its nourishment from the air.

What was the international protection for endangered species that came into force in 1973?

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

Aeroecology

The interdisciplinary study of ecology of the earth's atmospheric boundary layer and the myriad airborne organisms that depend on this environment for their existence.

ecosystem

a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it

Evolution

a process that changes populations of organisms over time

The equipment now used to conduct research within forest canopies includes ________ (3)

aerial drones cranes hot air balloons

adaptation

an evolutionary process that changes anatomy, physiology, or behavior, resulting in an increased ability of a population to live in a particular environment

The _______ includes those portions of the planet that support life, including the land, water, and atmosphere

biosphere

Ecologists researching the interactions between species have focused on the _____ effects of the interactions on the species involved

evolutionary

Ecologists researching the interactions between species have focused on the _______ effects of the interactions on the species involved

evolutionary

In the temperate rainforests of the Olympic Peninsula, the mass of epiphytes is _______ the mass of the leaves on their host tree

greater than

The host trees gain access to the nutrients stored in epiphytes by _______________.

growing roots into them

The epiphyte mats in tropical rainforests contain ________ nutrients of the foliage of the canopy trees

half of the

The low amount of nutrients in rainforest soil is the result of __________.

heavy rainfall

In Jamaica, older male redstarts occupy ________ mangrove habitats while younger males are found in ______ habitats

high-quality poor-quality

Ecological Scales (smallest to largest)

individual population interaction community ecosystem landscape region biosphere

In order to be considered part of the biosphere, a deep geologic formation would need to contain _____________.

living organisms

Nadkarni's use of __________ equipment allowed her to explore the rainforest canopy

mountain-climbing

Isotopes are forms of an element that differ in number of ______ in their nucleus

neutrons

In addition to the specific research question, the three factors also included in the design of a research program include ____________

temporal scale spatial scale available tools

Which of the following would be considered a research focus in the area of population ecology? -effects of precipitation on grass distribution across north america -effects of winter snow depth on the ratio of male to female squirrels -effects of light intensity on thorn formation in roses -effects of forest fires on atmospheric CO2 concentrations

the effects of winter snow depth on the ratio of male to female squirrels

Nutrients

the material that organisms use from the environment in order to survive

urban ecology

the study of urban areas as complex, dynamic ecological systems, influenced by interconnected, biological, physical, and social components

As epiphytes grow, they _______ organic matter, forming a mat that helps to create a structure supporting increased diversity

trap

The effects of Chestnut blight are recorded in lake sediment layers by the absence of Chestnut pollen in the ___________ layers of sediments

upper

What endangered organisms are covered under the US Endangered Species Act?

vertebrate animals plants invertebrate animals any species listed under the CITES treaty