EDCI 352 Test 2

1968

BY _________ more than 30% of all African American children went to public schools that were 90% non-white.

The general philosophy of the South

If African Americans were kept ill educated they would remain in their place in society. Poor education guaranteed a poor lifestyle for African Americans. The Shadow of Jim Crow cast itself over education.

IDEA (2004)

Individuals with Disabilities Act. requires states to provide free public eduaction for all students with disabilities who participate in special education (zero reject) has requirements for teaching students with disabilities such as educated in the least restrictive environment, have an individualized education plan, rights of the students and parents protected by law includes Section 504, prevents discrimination of people with disabilities in any federally funded program, all school aged children endured equal opportunity to participate in school activities

Thurgood Marshall

One of the pioneering civil rights leaders that put their focus on separate but equal in further education colleges. They led the campaign to rectify the inequalities in higher education offered to blacks.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

Reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary Eduaction Act (ESEA). In 2012 the Obama administration began granting flexibility to states regarding specific requirements of NCLB in exchange for rigorous and comprehensive state developed plans designed to close achievement gaps, increase equity, improve the quality of instruction, and increase outcomes for all students.

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

Reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The act requirea states to develop assessments in basic skills. The states must give these assessments to all students at select grade levels in order to recieve federal school funding. The standards are set by each individual state. Schools recieveing Title I funding must make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in test scores. Ciritic argue the focus on standarized testing as the means of skill assessment encorages teachers to teach narrow subset of skills the teacher believes will increase test performance, rather than focus on aquiring deep understanding of the curriculum. referred to as teaching to the test

Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 at Central High School

The most famous example of a school district, local politicians, local people, etc. refusing to accept the Waren decision took place in __________________.

Marshall

Turned his attention to the issue of segregated public schools.

June of 1950

When did the Supreme Court issued two directives: Texas had to admit African Americans to a white only law school AND In Oklahoma it banned segregating facilities in the graduate school of education.

1896

When did the principle of "separate but equal" come about from the Supreme Court?

Title IX

________________ of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 is a federal law that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

Levi Pearson

an African American farmer who helped the NAACP

1962

by ____________ white only schools still existed in Mississippi, South Carolina, and Alabama

Southern

even though the supreme court made a decision, the character of ________________ schools did not change and the court had not put a time scale on when desegregation was to be accomplished. Many of these sates politicians ignored the ruling.

Zora Neale Hurston

felt that desegregation was not integration. They felt that African Americans would remain to themselves in schools because of underlying tensions. While others felt that it was wrong to assume that children were underperforming in black only schools.

Presiden Eisenhower

felt that the federal compulsion would backfire. He knew how the south felt about states rights. He never publicly endorsed the Warren decision but claimed that he was duty bound to accept it.

Earl Warren

head of the supreme court who promised he would do what he could to undo batant abuses in education. Pursuaded those in the supreme court to promote social equality in education

1964

in ________ less than 2% of African American children attended multi-racial schools in the 11 states associated with the South. Many colleges remained whites-only and very few had any African American teachers on their faculties.

1955

in ________ the court turned to implementation. and most southern politicians rallied around the theme of desegregation.

NAACP

needed help from community individuals where the abuses occurred in their cause to rid the South of educational inequalities. EX: Levi Pearson

Achievement gap

refers to the observed, persistent disparity of educational measures between the performance of groups of students

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

series of court cases in Virginia, Kansas, Delaware, Washington DC, and South Carolina led to what

southern

some ________________________ states complied with the law while others didn't

North

the ___________ could not claim to be free of this kind of abuse

KKK

the less educated whites turned to the _________ with the idea that African Americans should keep their own schools and reject going to mixed schools.

Prince Edward County, VA

the worst example of bypassing the Warren decision was in _______________________. There all public schools were shut down and only private schools were allowed. When African American families refused ro accept the schools offered to them, their children went without an eduaction, this lasted for years.