Electricity and Electronics Book

A wattmeter measures the

instantaneous power used in a circuit, and a watt-hour meter measures the amount of power used in a circuit over a period of time.

Four factors that affect the resistance of a conductor are

length, cross-sectional area, temperature, and type of material.

Photoresistive cells are

light sensitive resistors.

A photovoltaic cell produces electricity from

light.

Conductors provide a __________ path while insulators provide a __________ path.

low resistance (conductors), high resistance (insulators).

Batteries are

two or more cells connected together.

Some popular primary cells include the

zinc-carbon cell, the alkaline cell, the mercury cell, the lithium cell, and the silver oxide cell.

Voltmeters measure

voltage and are connected in parallel with the component to be read. Multiplier resistors are connected in series with voltmeters to increase the range of the meter.

Connecting cells in series (- to +) increases their ________, while connecting them in parallel (- to - and + to +) increases their

voltage rating, current rating

A mil equals

1/1000 of an inch.

One horsepower is equal to

746 watts.

Chapter 3

Introduction to basic Electrical Circuit Materials

There are definite relationships between

Ohm's law and Watt's law.

Chapter 7

Parallel Circuits

_________ cannot be recharged, while ___________ can be recharged.

Primary cells, secondary cells

There are a number of different types of electrical diagrams. They include:

Schematics, wiring diagrams, line diagrams, and block diagrams.

Chapter 1

Science of Electricity and Electronics

Chapter 6

Series Circuits

Chapter 5

Sources of Energy

Induction occurs when

a charged body is brought close to another body.

A multimeter is one instrument that will measure

a number of different types of values, such as current, voltage, and resistance.

The coulomb is

a quantity of electrons (6.24 x 10^18)

When a voltmeter is connected across a circuit to measure a potential difference, it is

in parallel with the load in the circuit. This situation can introduce errors in voltage measurement.

Total power consumed in the series circuit is equal to the

sum of the individual power consummation (PT = Pl + P2 + P3... + PN).

Total power consumed in the circuit is equal to the

sum of the individual power consumptions (PT = Pl + P2 + P3... + PN).

The source voltage is equal to the

sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit (ET = El + E2 + E3... + EN).

Cells are

the basic unit for producing electricity by chemical action.

The negatively charged particle of the atom is

the electron and the positively charged particle is the proton.

Switches are used to control

the flow of electrons through a circuit.

The basic meter movement used for many analog instruments is.

the moving-coil galvanometer, or the D'Arsonval movement

Efficiency is equal to

the power out divided by the power in.

Watt's law is a mathematical formula stating

the relationship of the power, voltage, and current in a circuit. It is P = I x E.

The amount of work done can be manipulated by gears and pulley systems while maintaining

the same horsepower.

Molecules are

the simplest form of a compound still having the unique characteristics of that compound.

Atoms are

the simplest forms of an element still having the unique characteristics of that element.

Power is

the time rate of doing work.

The device used to produce electricity by heat is the

thermocouple.

There are two types of current

, AC (alternating current) and DC (Direct Current).

Chapter 2

Basic Instruments and Measurements

Chapter 8

Combination Circuits

Ohm's law can be stated three ways:

E = IR, I = E/R and R = E/I

Chapter 4

Energy

Switches are classified according to their

actuator, internal electrical circuitry (poles and throws), ampacity, and voltage.

The sensitivity of a meter is

an indication of its quality. Sensitivity is measured in an ohms-per-volt rating. Another system of rating accuracy is based on percentage of full scale reading.

A meter used to measure the value of an unknown resistance is called

an ohmmeter. Ohmmeters are connected across the resistance being measured.

It is vital to observe correct polarity in the use of

analog meters.

Matter is

anything that occupies space or has mass.

Conductor insulation varies according to

application.

Unlike charges

attract each other.

Elements are

basic or pure forms of matter.

Troubleshooting a combination circuit uses the techniques developed for troubleshooting

both series and parallel circuits.

Electricity can be produced by

chemical action.

Ammeters measure current and are

connected in series in a circuit. Shunts are resistors connected in parallel with ammeters to increase the range of the meter.

Correct polarity must be observed when

connecting electrical devices.

Battery capacity is a

current producing rating measured in ampere-hours (Ah).

A circular mil equals the

diameter (expressed in mils) squared, or D^2, for a round conductor.

Digital meters give values in

discrete amounts in units 0-9.

In a parallel circuit, the voltage is

equal through the circuit ((ET = El = E2 = E3... = EN).

In a series circuit current is

equal throughout the circuit (IT = Il = I2 = I3... = IN).

Kirchhoff's current law states that the total current entering a junction or parallel circuit is

equal to the current leaving that junction or parallel circuit.

Linear meter scales have

evenly spaced marks. Ammeters and voltmeters us linear scales.

Nonlinear scales do not have

evenly spaced marks. Ohmmeters use a nonlinear scale.

Electric lamps may use

filaments or ionized gas as a conductor.

Resisters are manufactured in many different ways, and they come in

fixed and adjustable packages.

Voltage is the

force behind the electrons. It moves them along a conductor resulting in current.

Work is equal to

force times distance.

Color codes are used to

identify resistor resistance values.

Mechanical power is

measured in horsepower.

Electrical power is

measured in watts.

Compounds are

mixtures or combinations of two or more elements.

A parallel circuit provides

more than one path for current flow.

Current is the

movement of electrons in a conductor.

The law of conservation of energy states the energy can

neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another.

A series circuit provides

only one path for current flow.

Efficiency is expressed as a(n):

percentage and indicates how well one form of energy is converted to another form of energy.

Electricity can also be produced by applying pressure to certain objects such as

quartz, tourmaline, and Rochelle salts.

After total current is found in a combination circuit, the original circuit can be

reconstructed and individual voltages and currents found by applying the characteristics of series and parallel circuits.

Any complex combination circuit can be

reduced to an equivalent resistance or simple circuit.

Like charges

repel each other

Digital meters are

rugged, small in size, accurate, and portable.

Analog meters use a

scale with continuous variable values.

Nickel-cadmium cells and lead-acid cells are

secondary cells.

The total circuit resistance is always less than the

smallest resistance value in the parallel circuit.

After the total resistance of a combination circuit is reduced to a simple series or parallel circuit, the

source voltage can be applied and the total current value determined.

Total power consumed by a combination circuit is equal to the

sum of all individual component power consumption wattages.

The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the

sum of all the resistance values in the circuit (RT = Rl + R2 + R3... + RN).

The total circuit current value in a parallel circuit is equal to the

sum of the individual current values (IT = Il + I2 + I3... = IN).