Elizabeth's Study Guide

How did Ferdinand and Isabella unify Spain?

They married and formed a dual monarchy, forced all Spanish subjects to convert to Christianity or leave the country.

They lived in poverty and battled heresy

Dominicans

The Church's _________________ sometimes used _____________ to extract confessions of heresy and used executions to punish it.

(1) Inquisition (2) torture

The Crusade benefited some Italian ______ cities and helped cause the end of ____________ and the emergence of nation-states.

(1) Port (2) Feudalism

In 1187 Jerusalem had fallen to _____________ Muslim forces, prompting ______________ led at it's end by _________________, who negotiated a settlement that gave Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem.

(1) Saladin (2) The Third Crusade (3) Richard 1st

Christians also made ______________ to shrines, the greatest of which, they believed, was the holy city of __________________

(1) pilgrimages (2) Jerusalem

What were the consequences of the Black Death?

1/3 of Europe's population died, anti-Semitism, trade decline, worker shortage, lower food and housing costs, labor price rise, and freedom of many serfs.

These monks preached simplicity, took vows of poverty and aided the poor.

Franciscans

What events in European Christianity set the stage for Martin Luther's reformation?

Great schism, calls for an end in clerical corruption, excessive papal power - John Has burned at the stake.

How did the Bubonic Plague spread throughout Europe?

Italian merchants brought the plague with them from Kaffa on the Black Sea and the ship was boarded with Black rats infested with fleas carrying a deadly bacterium.

In return for fighting in the Crusade, the Pope promised forgiveness for this.

Sins.