Embalming D.E.A.D

The amount of HCHO (formaldehyde) measured in grams dissolved in 100 ml. of water refers to

index

In the normal case, the first organ to decompose is the

lining of the trachea and larynx

When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution should be

more astringent than usual.

The Egyptians immersed bodies in

natron solution

Hard water

promotes blood clotting

The speed at which the embalming solution enters the body is called

rate of flow

Odor, purge, and skin slip are

signs of decomposition

The cooling of the body of a corpulent person would be

slower

The procedure of injection and drainage in which injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another is called

split

The right common carotid artery begins at the level of the

sternoclavicular articulation

The two points which define the linear guide for the right common carotid artery are

sternoclavicular articulation and the lobe of the ear.

The embalming pressure achieved in gravity embalming is

0.43 lb./ft.

How much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution?

24 oz

Distention of the body tissue is a complication of

Anasarca

Which chemical agents in arterial fluids prevent the thickening of blood ?

Anticoagulants

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor to be considered in case analysis?

Atmospheric conditions

Which of the following men established a method of embalming without evisceration?

Clauderus

The study of death is

thanatology

On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers is the linear guide for the

ulnar artery.

The most common vehicle used in embalming fluid is

water

The destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body defines which of the following terms?

Disinfection

How can an extravascular discoloration be dealt with during the embalming process?

Extravascular discolorations are not removed by arterial injection

Which of the following is not an infectious disease?

Hydrocephalus

According to the nine region plan, what abdominal region is superior and lateral to the umbilical region?

Hypochondriac

Which of these is NOT a sign of decomposition?

Hypostasis of the blood

Which of the following may cause malformations and deformities of a body?

Paralytic diseases

Which of these embalming instruments is used to make an incision?

Scalpel

A dead human body which is used for anatomical and scientific study is

a cadaver.

The femoral artery is bordered medially by the ____________ muscle.

adductor longus

The key ingredients of an arterial fluid classified as a cosmetic fluid is

an active dye.

An instrument which is inserted into the artery for the introduction of fluid is

an arterial tube

Distention of the body tissues is a complication of

anasarca

The ___________ artery courses along the lateral margin of the crest of the tibia, passes through the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

anterior tibial

From the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint is the linear guide for the

anterior tibial artery.

Arteriosclerosis is a condition caused by the presence of _____________ in the arterial tunics.

calcium deposits

What substance undergoes the fermentation process?

carbohydrates

Appraisal of the condition of a body which may determine the embalming process is done during:

case analysis

Hemolysis complicates the embalming process because it

causes a stain

The type of embalming fluid used to disinfect and preserve the viscera in the cavities of the body is

cavity fluid

The linear guide for the brachial artery is from the

center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow.

The linear guide for the femoral artery is from the

center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur.

The decomposition of protein by the action of aerobic bacteria is

decay

pH is a measure of the

degree of acidity or alkalinity

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces or cavities is

edema

The process of chemically treating a dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition and restore an acceptable physical appearance is

embalming

The allowed maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour time period is

0.75 ppm

The temperature at which decomposition of the human body progresses most rapidly is:

98 degrees Fahrenheit

Which of the blood vessels is located posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle?

Brachial artery

What embalming instrument can be used to clamp a leaking blood vessel?

Hemostat

The individual for whom "Hunters Canal" is named is

John Hunter

Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the tripod of life?

Kidney

Which of the following treatments would be used for the embalming of dehydrated body?

Large volume of a dilute solution

If injecting an infant case by way of the heart, which chamber of the heart is considered most appropriate to insert the arterial tube for the best results?

Left ventricle

Which test for death involves the discoloration of the distal part of a finger or toe?

Ligature test

Which of the following is NOT a complication of an edematous body?

Low moisture content

Which of the following treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties occur during the embalming process? For this question, the obstruction is atherosclerosis.

Lower than average pressure, slow rate of flow, normal index, sufficient volume

According to the nine region plan, which region of the abdominal pelvic cavity is located just lateral of the umbilical region?

Lumbar

When preparing the infant case, which of the following is recommended to be applied to the tissues of the visible parts of the body during embalming?

Massage cream

What muscle is injected with arterial fluid to facilitate the closure of the mouth?

Masseter

Which of the following muscles is injected with a hypodermic injection of cavity fluid to reinforce mouth closure?

Masseter

Which of the following is an example of a perfuming agent often used in embalming fluid?

Methyl salicylate

Which of the following conditions would predispose a dead human body to rapid decomposition?

Peritonitis

Pin-point hemorrhage refers to which of the following?

Petechia

What muscle act as the anatomical guide for the external iliac artery?

Psoas major

What body organ will produce hydrochloric acid?

Stomach

Which of these is NOT a purpose for blood drainage?

To create dehydration

Which of the following is a prescribed method for securing the calvarium in place?

- Adhesive - Calvarium clamps - Needle injector

One purpose for which cavity fluids would NOT be recommended is

arterial injections.

Directing the point of the trocar toward a point one-fourth of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis is the trocar guide for the

cecum/appendix.

Carbon monoxide poisoning results in a _____________ discoloration.

cherry red

The anatomical guide for the ___________ artery is along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

common carotid

Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the

cranium

Postmortem stain is an extravascular change in the color of tissue due to

hemolysis

Chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissue are termed

humectants

The chemical in hardening compounds which reacts with any water present to form an insoluble solid is __.

plaster of paris

The _____________ artery which originates at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle, terminates at the inferior border of the popliteous muscle.

popliteal

A postmortem discoloration brought about by the rupture of the red blood cells and a release of their contents into the tissues is

postmortem stain

With the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed, the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gauge is

potential pressure.

The post mortem evacuation of any substance from any external orifice of the body due to internal and/or external pressure is

purge

What is the location of the femoral vein in relation to the femoral artery?

the vein lies medial and deep

Which of the following should be used for embalming a case which is severely dehydrated?

- Cold water for the dilution - humectant fluids - Large volume of injected solution

When treating pustular or ulcerative lesions, which of the following should be done?

- aspirate pus from the pustule. - swab pocket of aspirated lesion with disinfectant. - apply surface compresses

The amount of arterial fluid necessary to make one gallon of solution at 2% strength using a 20 index fluid is

12.8 oz.

Addison's Disease generally results in which kind of a discoloration?

Bronze

Which of these is an example of an intravascular ante-mortem blood discoloration?

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Which of these terms is used to describe the color of the external tissue of an artery?

Cream-colored

What is lipolysis?

Decomposition of fats

Which of the following blood vessels is the origin of the popliteal artery?

Femoral artery

Which of these organs will yield bile when aspirated by a trocar?

Gall Bladder

The arterial injection of a jaundice case with normal arterial fluid will likely cause which kind of a discoloration?

Green

An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public is

Jean Gannal

What type of anticoagulant will breakup clots by causing the mineral particles of the blood to fall out of suspension?

Precipitants

What type of chemical agents are capable of inactivating saprophytic bacteria, while destroying their source of nutrients?

Preservatives

What is the term used for the method of arterial injection where both carotid arteries are encannulated at the same time, each cannula can be turned on or off as needed to balance distribution to the face?

Restricted cervical injection

Which of these conditions may affect the pressure at which arterial fluid must be injected to overcome the initial resistance?

Rigor mortis

Who or what is responsible for creating the secondary dilution of the arterial solution?

The body of the deceased

Which of the following actions would help normalize the moisture content of an emaciated body?

The slow injection of a mild solution

What is the common action of phenol, formalin and sodium hypochlorite on the tissues of the body?

They all are capable of bleaching the tissue

What is the purpose of adding eosin and erythrosine to arterial fluid?

They impart a color to the tissue

Which of the following conditions creates intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?

Vascular disease

Jaundice is best described by which of the following?

Yellow

The post mortem loss of body heat is

algor mortis

An embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues is a(n)

buffer

The linear guide for the radial artery is from the

center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger.

The arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be

diluted by the edema.

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins is called

distribution

The __________ artery changes its name to femoral and is used in the embalming of an autopsied body.

external iliac

Factors influencing the rate of decomposition such as air, environmental temperature and moisture in the atmosphere are known as

extrinsic factors

An aneurysm may prove troublesome in embalming because

if it ruptures, fluid injected will escape from the vascular system.

Continuous injection of arterial solution with drainage taken at intervals is called

intermittent

An incision that is parallel to the long axis of the blood vessel that is being opened is a:

longitudinal incision.

The passing of arterial solution through the capillary wall, caused by positive intravascular pressure is

pressure filtration.

What suture is used to close a trocar puncture?

purse string

When injecting a body with any mechanical injector, the desired pressure should be

set before opening the rate of flow.

Which of these condition contributes to skin-slip?

the body lying in water after death for a few hours

The secondary dilution of embalming solution occurs when

the injected arterial solution mixes with the body fluids.

A delicate instrument for detecting almost inaudible heart sounds is

the stethoscope.

What is the normal color of a nerve?

white

Co-injection fluids are used

with arterial solutions

The initial color change of decomposing tissue is

yellow-green

Which of the following would be the most likely to cause intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?

Thrombi

An extrinsic variable factor in embalming is

Time lapse between death and embalming

Which of the following is a purpose of pre-embalming analysis?

To prescribe and apply proper embalming techniques

An important factor to be considered in case analysis is

- moisture content of tissues. - age. - cause of death.

What procedure may be used to return the body of an emaciated case to normal contour and moisture content?

Use restricted drainage

Which of the following classifications serves as the medium in which the many ingredients of an embalming fluid are dissolved?

Vehicle

Which of these sutures is NOT suited for closing an incision on an exposed area of the body?

Whip or roll stitch

Which of the following suture patterns is used to turn under the margins of skin in an incision?

Worm stitch

If the lips will not stay closed during the embalming operation, they may be held in position by means of

- wet cotton strips. - petroleum jelly. - sutures

Which of these temperatures is considered to be optimum for the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria?

37.0 degrees on the celsius scale

In order to make 3 gallons of 3 index arterial solution, how much arterial fluid with an index of 27 must be used?

42.6 ounces Use the dilution formula to solve this. Arterial fluid is in the bottle, arterial solution is the diluted form in the machine reservoir. Remember index has no units.

Which of the following is the most reliable sign of fluid distribution in any region of the body surface?

Color Change

Which of these is an example of an air pressure apparatus used to embalm a body?

Compressed air

For which of the following cases would high index fluids be recommended?

Decomposition cases

Jaundice fluid is classified as

a special arterial fluid

If an embalmer elevated a gravity percolator ten feet above the injection site how many pounds of potential pressure would be created?

Five

What type of solution will have its solvent drawn through a semi-permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution?

Hypotonic solution

If you are embalming a body which has an infectious disease when should the cavity treatment procedure begin?

Immediately after arterial injection is completed

Where is the common carotid artery found?

In the neck

Where is the condition of jaundice first noticed on a dead body?

In the sclera of the eyeball

The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute into a concentrated solution is

Osmosis

Which of these is a commonly used moisture absorbing substance in hardening compound?

Plaster of Paris

When the pathologist makes an incision for a cranial autopsy, which of the following best describes the proper location for the incision to begin?

Posterior to the ear

Which of the following accessory chemicals is designed to preserve tissues either by direct contact or through vapor?

Preservative powders

What substance undergoes the process of decay by aerobic bacterial enzymes?

Proteins

The method of creating injection pressure that incorporates air being forced under pressure into the fluid chamber to displace the embalming fluid into the body is

air pressure

Which of these is considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming operation for the safety of the public at visitation?

The disinfection of the body

Where should the point of the trocar be directed to access the heart when the handle of the trocar is aligned with the left anterior superior iliac spine?

The lobe of the right ear

Which of the following would NOT influence the choice of the artery to be used in embalming?

The temperature of the body

What is the purpose of the quaternary ammonium compounds in embalming fluids?

They act as supplementary germicides

Which of the following is NOT a cause of extravascular resistance to fluid distribution?

Thickened blood

The cooling of the body to the temperature of its surrounding is

algor mortis.

The method of drainage in relation to injection in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage is allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately is the _____________ method.

alternate

A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered

ante mortem.

A condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained is

apparent death

The mixture of embalming fluid and water which is used in arterial injections is

arterial solution.

The first muscle tissue to be affected by rigor mortis is

eyes

The most common method used for arterially injecting a body today is the

force pump.

The saturated mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water is called:

formalin

An embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals is a(n)

hypo-valve trocar

In the nine region plan, which region of the abdominal pelvic cavity is located immediately inferior to the umbilical region?

hypogastric

The injection pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance and causes the embalming fluid to enter the arterial system at a moderate and uniform rate is

ideal

Which of the following would NOT affect the rate of flow?

increasing index of injection solution

Fatty tissue in a body retards algor mortis because it

insulates.

The injection and drainage procedure in which the injection and drainage are accomplished through the same incision is called

one point.

Which artery should be raised and injected to facilitate the embalming of the body between the antecubital fossa and the wrist?

radial

Rigor mortis is detrimental to the embalming process because it

retards fluid distribution.

Which of the following causes a post-mortem extravascular blood discoloration?

rupture of erythrocytes

In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the _____________ muscle.

sartorius

The right ___________ artery is shorter than the left one due to its origin.

subclavian

Chemicals that are added to the arterial solution to meet the varying demands of embalming difficult cases are:

supplemental fluids.

Death beginning at the heart is termed

syncope

Perfuming materials are used in embalming fluids because

they mask the odor of formaldehyde.

Changes occurring in the eyes after death include

- flattening of the eyeball. - clouding of the cornea. - loss of luster of the conjunctiva

What index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons of diluted fluid with a strength of 1% if you use 16 oz. of concentrated fluid?

16

If you use 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 2 ½ gallons of a 3 index solution, what is the index of the arterial fluid?

30 index

What should the relative temperature of the primary dilution water be to embalm a severely dehydrated case?

Cold

The disinfection which take place during the arterial injection portion of the embalming process is called:

Concurrent disinfection

A blood-filled swelling is descriptive of which of the following?

Hematoma

Which vein is considered to be the companion to the common carotid artery?

Internal jugular vein

What is the purpose of formaldehyde in embalming fluids?

It acts as a preservative

What is the purpose of adding Oil of Wintergreen to an embalming fluid?

It can act as a perfuming agent

Which of these is the more accurate description of the pre-injection solution?

It is the first injection solution to be used

Which of the following is a disinfectant and preservative found in autopsy powders?

Paraformaldehyde

Which of the following is NOT a component of hardening compounds?

Phenol

Which chemical agents render microorganisms incapable of growth and reproduction?

Preservatives

What is the decomposition of sugar called

Saccharolysis

If a body part has been mutilated, which of the following embalming procedures is recommended?

Sectional embalming

What is the purpose of pre-injection fluids?

They prepare the vascular system to accept arterial embalming fluids

During embalming, the head should be

Tilted to the right approximately 15 degrees

Which of these is NOT a stated objective of drainage procedures?

To increase the secondary dilution of the arterial fluid

How far above the injection site would the bottom of the gravity percolator need to be in order to achieve one pound of injection pressure?

Two feet

Which artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits of the hand?

Ulnar

Generalized edema is referred to as

anasarca

Chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of the blood are

anticoagulants

Just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the ____________ artery.

axillary

The action of formaldehyde on protein is

coagulation

Which of the following embalming fluid types provides disinfection and preservation without causing objectionable changes in the skin texture?

cosmetic arterial fluids

"Normal" aspiration does not usually involve the

cranial cavity

The separation of body compounds into simpler substances is called

decomposition

Which of the following post mortem changes is a chemical change?

decomposition

The inferior vena cava is the vein which accompanies the

descending aorta

Index is a measure of fluid strength which considers the percentage of

formaldehyde

Dyes used in arterial fluid which color the fluid in the bottle, but impart no color to the body tissue are classified as ___ dyes.

inactive

The method of drainage in relation to injection in which injection is continued and drainage is taken at intervals is the ___________ method.

intermittent

Which of these would be the last to decompose?

non-pregnant uterus

The passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration is the definition of

osmosis

The anatomical guide for the ____________ artery is just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.

radial

Directing the trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line is the trocar guide for the

stomach

Chemical additives employed to offset the effects of water with an excessive mineral content are called

water conditioners

What type of autopsy consists of the examination of the gastrointestinal tract below the diaphragm?

Abdominal

Cosmetic fluids by definition must contain:

Active dyes

A bronze discoloration develops on the body as a result of

Addison's disease.

Which condition is associated with antemortem edema?

Alcoholism

Which blood vessel is the continuation of the external iliac artery?

Femoral artery

The escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location is

agonal edema.

A moribund person is said to be in what state?

agonal state

The irreversible total cessation of metabolic activity is known as a(n)

death

In the normal eye closure, the eyelids should meet in the

lower one-third of the orbit.

What instrument is used as a device to facilitate the closure of the mouth?

needle injector

The embalmer should remove as much blood from the body as possible to

- diminish secondary dilution. - remove intravascular discolorations. - prevent distention.

One of the factors to be considered in selecting the artery to be injected is

- deformities. - weight. - disease.

If you use 8 oz. of 16 index fluid and enough water to make one gallon of solution, what would be the diluted index of your solution?

1.0%

When using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injecting arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately ____________ pound(s) of pressure per foot of elevation above the point of injection.

1/2

The point of entry for the trocar when aspirating the cavities is

2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus.

Which of these is NOT a recommended method of stimulating blood drainage?

Application of a cavity fluid compress

Which blood vessel continues as the brachial artery?

Axillary artery

Which of these sutures begins by placing the point of the needle within the incision and then up through the skin passing from one side of the incision to the other side with each stitch?

Baseball stitch

Which of these is an example of a perfuming agent?

Benzaldehyde

Livor mortis is synonymous with

Cadaveric Lividity

What is the effect of a fan blowing a current of air over a dead human body?

Dehydration of the superficial tissue

Which of the following is NOT classified as a chemical change?

Desiccation

What type of cavity treatment involves making an incision from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis instead of using a trocar?

Direct incision

Which of the following suture patterns involves the use of two needles?

Double intradermal stitch

The "Father of Modern Embalming" was

Dr. Frederich Ruysch.

The "Father of Embalming in the U.S." was

Dr. Thomas Holmes.

In which of the following cases will decomposition develop most rapidly?

Edematous body

The first people believed to have practiced cremation were the:

Greeks

Which of the following is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration?

Hematoma

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a jaundice fluid?

High formaldehyde content

Which of the following treatments would NOT be recommended for the treatment of intravascular difficulties?

High pressure injection

Which of these is NOT a recommended method of mouth closure?

Injection of the corrugator muscle with cavity fluid

Which of the following methods of injection and drainage is recommended for use in embalming cases which exhibit vascular disorders?

Intermittent method

What type of solutions can be placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane without either solution attracting solvent from the other solution across the membrane?

Isotonic solutions

What is hydrogen peroxide used for in the preparation of a dead body?

It can be used as a topical bleach and disinfectant of the body

What is the purpose of ponceau in embalming fluids?

It will impart a color change

The ulnar artery lies along the ___________ border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

lateral

Clear embalming fluid is usually purged from the nose and mouth during preparation of cases dead of pulmonary tuberculosis because the

lung capillaries are weakened by disease.