Embalming Theory 2 Midterm Study Guide & Module 1-3 Quizzes

At birth, the body water present in infants is approximately_____ of the total body weight.

75%

The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act is

A federal act enforceable in every state

Most secured and commonly used, strong tight closure used for autopsy, long surgical and long-bone donor incisions

Baseball sutures

Wet gangrene

Caused by a venous obstruction; infected tissues appear bright reddish to black

What kind of fluid helps with yellowing color of the skin/eyes?

Jaundice Fluids

What are the properties of cautery chemicals?

Phenol (carbolic acid)

A plastic or rubber garment which covers the arm to the area of the wrist to guard or protect against leakage.

Sleeves

Tissue donation is regulated by

The Food and Drug Administration

All of the following corrective treatments can be used for eye distension in cornea donors except: Tissue Builder Surface Compresses Surface Embalming Heat Spatula

Tissue Builder

What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?

Tunica intima: The inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body. Media: The middle layer contains elastic fibers that keep your blood flowing in one direction. Adventitia: The outer layer contains nerves and tiny vessels.

Plastic garment designed to cover the entire body from the neck down to and including the feet.

UNIONALL

This plastic garment is ideal for autopsy cases, as it covers the entire body with the exception of the neck and head.

Unionall

posthepatic jaundice

caused by obstruction of bile flow into gallbladder or duodenum

Used to close stoma (surgical incisions)may be waxed as needed

Pursestring/N suture

How much of an increase of body water is classified as edematous?

10%

The fluid strength for an autopsy is generally going to be higher. This is due to: The amount of time in refrigeration The delay between death and embalming Possible trauma/decomposition All of the above

All of the above

What neutralizes formaldehyde?

Ammonia

Know the proper techniques for restricted cervical injection (what happens to the arteries?)

Both Carotids are open to restrict fluid from going to the head to prevent swelling of the face

Dry gangrene (ischemic necrosis)

Caused by arterial insufficiency;appears dull reddish to black

This is an anaerobic bacterium which can cause intense gas in the tissues accompanied by a foul odor.

Clostridium perfringens

Used to close long incisions frequently used in autopsy prevents leakage of fluids from the body cavities during transfer from the hospital to the funeral home or died during surgery

Continuous (whip) suture

Two needles threaded with opposite ends of the same thread permanent suture a greater hold than the hidden stitch

Double intradermal suture

What pathological condition will cause a dull reddish to black discoloration?

Dry Gangrene

The principal manifestations of diabetes include all of the following except: Hyperglycemia Glycosuria Ketosis Emaciation

Emaciation

Which document must accompany all bodies being prepared and shipped to another funeral facility?

Embalming/Decedent Care Report

True or False: Due to their small size, all infants must be embalmed using mild solutions and low-index arterial solutions.

False

Reasons for a medicolegal autopsy include all of the following except: determination of the cause of death family request of postmortem examination determination of the manner of death establishment of the time of death

Family request of postmortem examination

The classic colors of discoloration associated with dehydration in the tissue of the body include all of the following except: Yellow Green Black Brown

Green

Arises when liver cells are damaged so severely that their ability to transport bilirubin diglucuronide into the biliary system is reduced

Hepatocellular jaundice

What chemical treats dehydration?

Humectants

Medical devices requiring removal for cremation?

If a medical device/implant has any battery, radiation, pressurization, or silicone in its manufacture. Pacemakers Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) Spinal Cord Stimulators Internal Pumps/Ports

Short-term refrigeration is necessary in some cases and can provide several advantages to the embalmer. Which of the following would not be an advantage of short-term refrigeration? The slow progression of rigor mortis in the body Increased capillary permeability for diffusion The maintaining of blood in a liquid state A slower rate of decomposition

Increased capillary permeability for diffusion

Used to align tissues into position prior to, during, or after embalmingtemporary sutures

Individual (bridge) sutures

This embalming method is recommended for extreme cases to minimize tissue swelling and provide maximum preservation.

Instant Tissue Fixation

Creates a tight, leak-proof closure with an unsightly ridge disadvantage

Interlocking (lock) suture

Used to gather in and turn under excess tissues same suture is the same as the hidden suture stitches made parallel on the surface of the skin

Inversion (worm) suture

Time delays between death and preparation can present several problems to the embalmer. Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the problems associated with delayed embalming? Nonuniform Distribution Of Fluids Swelling Of Tissues Increased Preservative Demand Lowered Blood Viscosity

Lowered Blood Viscosity

What Medical device should always be removed prior to cremation?

Pacemaker

A plastic garment which fits tightly around the waist and thighs of the deceased to guard against leakage and to avoid stains and odors.

Pants

This type of jaundice causes obstruction of biliary drainage; bilirubin is not excreted by the kidneys resulting in hyperbilirubinemia.

Posthepatic

How do we safely pour fluids into the embalming machine?

Pour embalming fluids into the embalming machine after it is filled

Excess production of bilirubin overtakes the ability of the liver to conjugate the bilirubin and excrete it into the gut

Prehepatic Jaundice

When suturing an autopsied body, the embalmer should begin suturing at the:

Pubic Symphysis

I have finished embalming a decedent that has an exposed stoma due to a colostomy. What suture method would be effective in closing the exposed area of the Stoma?

Purse string suture

This type of burn can be classified as deep, affecting the posterior dermal layer of the skin and may cause blisters to develop

Second Degree Burn

A plastic garment covering the entire foot and to the hip to prevent leakage and odor

Stockings

When treating the cranial cavity, this set of muscles can be sutured to keep the calavarium in place

Temporalis

Which of the following is not considered a stage of rigor mortis? Primary Flaccidity Active Rigor Secondary Flaccidity Terminal Flaccidity

Terminal Flaccidity

When embalming a decedent who has undergone a cranial autopsy, the embalmer must clamp vessels inside the cranium to ensure distribution to the face. These vessels make up which of the following?

The Circle of Willis

Drainage in a full autopsy case should be taken where?

The cavity

What does index mean when referring to arterial fluid?

The strength of embalming fluid, indicated by the number of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100mL of water.

Where is the heart located (think cavities/regions of the body)

Thorax/Chest cavity/thoracic cavity

How do we aspirate the brain? Which area is penetrated to facilitate aspiration?

Through the right/left nostril. A small trocar is pushed through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Then the trocar enters the anterior portion of the cranial cavity.

True or False: Super adhesive glues and bonding agents can be used for some closures instead of traditional sutures

True

Why do we inject arteries instead of veins?

Veins have internal valves to prevent the backflow of circulating blood.

Examples of extravascular resistance

rigor mortis, gas in cavities, expansion of hollow viscera, tumors, swollen lymph nodes, ascites, hydrothorax, contact pressure, visceral weight, bandages, skeletal edema, inflammation

One needle and a single thread the hidden stitch used on exposed areas on the body and is directed through the subcutaneous tissue only

Single intradermal (hidden ) suture

Plastic garment designed to cover the body from the chest down to the upper thigh.

Coverall

Where should proper ventilation be placed in a prep room?

At the foot of the deceased

Plastic protective garment designed to cover the legs, buttocks, and abdomen. A combination of pants and stockings.

Capris

What cause of death would cause a cherry-red discoloration, bright red color to blood, intense livor mortis, rapid post mortem staining, and petechiae?

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

For a partial thickness skin harvest, what instrument is used in the harvesting process?

Dermatome

How do you treat the walls of the cavity in an autopsy case?

Hypodermic embalming using a trocar or a hypovalve trocar (cavity fluid OR arterial fluid). Surface embalming can also be used. Internal compresses can be saturated with cavity fluid and placed between the tissues and the rib cage. All inside surfaces can also be coated with autopsy gel.

Which of the following is categorized as an extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and back of the hands? Livor Mortis Postmortem Stain Senile Purapura Hematoma

Senile Purapura

Which of the following is not a commonly transplanted organ? stomach pancreas small bowel liver

Stomach

What is instant tissue fixation? What kind of cases require instant tissue fixation?

Strong solution under high pressure on a pulsing setting on an embalming machine. Early decomp, facial trauma, firm and dry facial tissues needed for restorative arts, when facial excisions are necessary, reembalming of the face

What are the characteristics of different kinds of purge?

1. All these types may contain blood 2. Stomach- Liquid, has a coffee ground appearance, sour odor, contains acid, usually exits through the nose and/or mouth 3. Lung- Frothy-white, no odor usually exits through the nose and/or mouth 4. Brain- Creamy-white, no odor, usually exits through ear and/or nose 5. Rectal- Feces escaping from the rectum 6. Vascular (false)- Color and consistency similar to the arterial solution