Emotional Disorders Final

n contrast to most other forms of treatment targeting youths with conduct problems, multisystemic therapy, or MST, involves which of the following feature(s)

- it is intensive with meetings several times a week -it is done in home and community settings -it targets youth with severe conduct problems

In order to qualify to be diagnosed with ADHD

- symptoms must be cause impairment in functioning - be present in multiple settings -occur before the age of 7 and last for at least 2 months - the last symptoms is crucial because inattention/hyperactivity are the common symptoms for many other disorder and can be caused by common stress

What is true of ADHD symptoms among girls?

-less likely to be diagnosed -less likely to be aggressive and act out -less likely to have hyperactivity and impulsivity

How many subtypes of ADHD are there

4 Subtypes and 3 specific subtypes

How does biology influence ADHD

70 to 80% of variability in ADHD symptoms is due to heritable factors

Which subtype of ADHD includes children who demonstrate sluggish cognitive tempo and may be distinct from more common forms of the disorder?

ADHD - prediomantly inattentive (ADHD-PI)

Which form of ADHD Is also referred to as ADD

ADHD -C

which form of ADHD is most likely to exhibit the sluggish cognitive tempo which oftens refers to patterns of day dreaming , confusion, and low alertness

ADHD -PI

ADHD co‐occurs with a number of other disorders, including conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, and tic disorders. Why might one suspect that ADHD plays somewhat a causal role in the development of other disorders?

ADHD Symptoms tend to precede other symptoms in development

What is the most common form of ADHD is

ADHD combined type (ADHD-C these kids meet the criteria for both inattentive/hyperactive impulsive domains

Which form of ADHD only meets the requirement for inattentive

AHDHD( predominantly inattentive type (ADHD -PI)

ASPD is similar to what disorder

ASPD is a category similar to CD but applied to adults and generally involving criminal behavior

What to meds are non stimulants but used to treat ADHD

Atomexetine and Guanfoncine

What is not a specific deficit related to the attention problems demonstrated by children with ADHD?

Attentional Capacity

What is not a common element of anxiety treatments

Behavioral parent training

what is used to address the headaches and muscle tension that come with anxiety

Biofeedback involves teaching relaxation strategies while a person's heart rate, galvanic skin response, or brain activity is electronically monitored. I

Regarding the course OF ADHD it can best be described as ?

Chronic Neurological Condition

anxiety intervention for young kids

Coping Cat (or Coping Koala for the Australian version) and Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) are evidence-based treatment models that target broad-based anxiety among school-aged children and trauma-related anxiety among youths of all ages,

what treatment works well for OCD

Exposure and response prevention

What neurotransmitter is most closely associated with anxiety disorders?

GABA

Changes in diagnostic criteria from the DSM‐IV to DSM‐V are likely to have what consequence?

Increasing rates of ADHD diagnoses

OCD

Involves obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviors to deal with the obsessive thoughts

Disruptive behavior disorder (DBD)

Is frequently use d to denote acute (less than 6 months in duration). pattern of problematic behavior or emotional symptoms

ADHD -HI (hyperactive-impulsive type)

Kids only meet the criteria within the hyperactive impulsive domains

parents of kids with ADHD

Mothers more likely to be diagnosed with depressive symptoms and fathers more likely to substance use

What is true of the role of nature (i.e., inborn biological and genetic factors) versus nurture (i.e., environmental factors) in causing ADHD

Nature plays the bigger role (ADHD heritability is 70%)

Changes to the diagnostic criteria for conduct problems from the DSM‐IV to DSM‐V included what?

New diagnostic specifiers for severity

Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), show their greatest benefits for which type of anxiety disorder?

OCD

What anxiety disorder is at least as common among boys as girls?

OCD

What feature differentiates anxiety from depression (i.e., is present with anxiety but not depression), according to the tripartite model?

Physical tension

What is among the changes in diagnostic criteria for mood disorders included in the DSM‐ V?

a new diagnostic based on irritable mood and behavior problems

selective attention

ability to focus on a specific

what does ASPD stand for

anti social personality disorder

Which statement does not reflect specific risks linked with antidepressants?

antidepressants can sometimes cause psychotic symptoms even when prescribed

crime

antisocial behavior that violates specific laws

what tends to cooccur with anxiety disorders

anxiety disorder cooccur at high rates

what are anti social behaviors

any behavior that violates social norms and expectations . These can vary in cultural context

What factor is related to the higher rate of completed suicides among males versus females?

choice of method ( male tend to use more violent quick methods like using a gun)

generalized anxiety disorder

chronic worry or tension focus on aside away of things rather than specific - high physical symptoms headaches and digestive problems - more common in women

By what process do the consequences of antisocial behavior add up over time and make it increasingly difficult to escape the pattern?

cumulative continuity

where are neuro deficits most evident in ADHD children

deficits are evident in the stratal circuitry This includes the prefrontal cortex of the basal ganglia . responsible for functions that include the ability to plan , organize responses , maintain attention or delay responses

which neurotransmitter is linked to ADHD

dopamine regulation is linked to the onset of addiction and frequent attention of reward responses. Which is why children with ADHD seek out frequent attention from others which is why stimulant med seem to be affective

Regarding bipolar disorder symptoms, when do most individuals experience their first manic episode?

during adolescence

ill in the blanks: Among children, girls are ____________ likely to exhibit depression compared to boys, but among adolescents, girls are ____________ likely to exhibit depression compared to boys.

equally, more

According to your textbook, having a depressed parent increases the likelihood that a child will develop depression but not other disorders. True or false?

false

Fear is a future‐oriented state based on anticipation of threats. True or false?

false

According to the textbook, what is a fear commonly expressed by teenagers?

fear of rejection

Social anxiety or social phobias

fears of social performances and evaluation. Tends to overlap with traits of shyness and introversion more common in girls

The DSM5 requires what for an adult to be diagnosed with ADHD

for later adolescence adulthood only 5 symptoms are needed within either or both inattention and hyperactivity impulsive domains rather than 6

Which statement reflects the relative role of genes (i.e., nature) in depressive versus bipolar disorders?

genetic plays a larger role in bipolar disorders versus depression

Based on the discussion in your book, why are conduct problems more common among boys than girls?

girls engage in more indirect aggression which is not included in the diagnostic criteria

what meds are used to treat anxiety disorders

here is substantial evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective in reducing symptoms. Likewise, antidepressant medications are frequently used to address broad-based anxiety concerns like GAD, social anxiety, and PTSD

Conduct children exhibit what type of behavior

hostile behaviors and more likely to assume that others are trying to attentional hurt and harm them

Common traits inherited by ADHD children are ?

impulsitivity and reward seeking

Stimulant medications used for children with ADHD have been shown to have the greatest effect on what symptom(s)?

inattention

Stimulants effectively treat which key domain of ADHD

inattention

What are the key things surrounding psychopathy

includes calleous, manipulative , and decietful behaviors as well as lack of remorse

Federal 504 plan

involves a daily report card of a child behavior

what are coericve parent child interactions

involves neagvtive reinforcement of child opositonal behavior of parental demands once the child escaltes to a certain point

panic disorder

involves recurrent , unexpected panic attacks or excessive attempts to avoid situations in which an attack might occur

conduct disorder (CD)

is more severe than ODD and involves at least 12 months one or more of behavioral symptoms involving violations of others rights or major rule violation or other. Aggression towards ppl or animals destruction of property, lying

Separation anxiety disorder

kids who remain upset for extremely long periods of time after being separated from their parents - kids report that they fear bad things will happen to them or their parents if they are sperated for too long

After years of witnessing crime in his neighborhood and seeing people drop out of high school and end up in jail, Jonathan has adopted the attitude that there's no point in going to school or working hard to get out. What does this attitude likely reflect?

learned helpness

Juanita, a 13‐year‐old girl, has been extremely sad and lethargic for the last month. She is normally a typical teenager who is generally happy but moody at times. Her parents are concerned by recent statements that she doesn't want to spend time with friends or care about school, and she has been talking a lot about death lately. Based on this description, what would be the most appropriate diagnosis for Juanita?

major depressive disorder

What is not a factor specifically associated with the life‐course persistent pathway of antisocial behavior?

maturity gap

4. Cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression would most likely focus on what?

modifying negative attributes thought patterns linked to depression

what is the cause of anxiety disorder

more nurture than nature. Dependent heavily on the enviroment

what is hyperactivity / impulsivity

most associated category with ADHD, this can include fidgeting , getting out of your seat. These behaviors are usually most evident in structured settings such a school.

What behavioral principle governs the relationship between anxiety and avoidance behavior?

negative reinforcement

what is the rate of ADHD in the US ?

occurring at a rate of 7% 2.5 boys are diagnosed for every one girl

biological factors influencing anti social kids

on a neurolgical level anti social children also tend to have higher responsitivy to rewards and low responsively to fear and stress

Tony is an 8‐year‐old boy with a history of arguing, irritable mood, and negative behavior since at least age 6. His parents report that he is often spiteful and refuses to do things they ask, even though they are reasonable requests for a child his age. He also argues with teachers and struggles to get along with other kids. Based on this description, what would be the most appropriate diagnosis for Tony?

oppositional deviant disorder

what age does a child must be to be prescribe meds

over the age of 6 -ADHD meds are over prescribed

Deviancy training, which involves laughing and encouragement between peers, represents a type of what for antisocial behavior?

positive reinforcement

Based on the textbook's discussion of treatments, what is a form of cognitive‐behavioral, child‐focused intervention?

problem solving skills

what is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

refer to age innapproiate symptoms of hostile , negative, and argumentative behavior among youths lasting at least six months in duration

what is anxiety

refers to a mood state involving strong negative emotions , physical tension. and acitipatory worry about future danger or problems

inattention

refers to the inability to maintain focus on a topiv or task

worry

refers to the thughts that go along with anxiety young children tend to self talk and adults tend intenalize these thoughts

what risk factors influence the development of ADHD

smoking, pre natal alcohol use

1. Alfonso, a 12‐year‐old boy, recently developed an extreme aversion to being in situations in which he might be embarrassed or have to be evaluated by others. Any time there is a school performance, he appears to develop stomachaches and refuses to go. Based on the information provided, which anxiety disorder diagnosis would best apply to Alfonso's symptoms?

social anxiety disorder

6. What behavioral principle governs the way that video games and other forms of media exert their influence on children's involvement in antisocial behavior?

social learning

deliquency

specific to children behaviors that are specific to juvenilles violation of child laws of conduct

what do the stimulants target in the brain

stimulants such as ritalin and adderol target the dopamine receptors in the brain and increase the frontalstraital circuity of the brain

what are the psychological approaches to treating anxiety disorder?

systematic desensitization exposure to the stimuli that is feared

Freedom from Distractibility

the ability to ignore info that is irrelevant to the task

sustained attention

the ability to maintain focus on a task over time

changes in the DSM-5 for anxiety disorders

the criterion requiring individuals to recognize the anxiety an unreasonable or excessive will no longer apply to them as adults if it did not apply to them as a child. Also, agorphia can occur without panic symptoms

What was a key result of the Multimodal Treatment of Children with ADHD Study (also known as the MTA Study)?

the effects of both medication and behavioral treatment are no longer evident several years after treatment has stopped

. Based on your textbook, approximately 50% youths with conduct problems are also diagnosed with depression or an anxiety disorder. Recent research suggests that this is due to what?

the overlapping negative effect for ODD/ Depression

What statement best represents the inheritance pattern for most forms of anxiety based on research in genetics?

there is often a predisposition for anxiety

What brain funcition is affected in anti social children

they have an overactive behavioral activation system (/BAS) and an under active behavioral inhibition system (BIS) . they have deficits in the frontal stratal circuity

Anti social behavior has deficits in the frontal stratal circuity

this is why anti social kids do not respond well to punishments but they do respond well to reward focused contingency systems

internalizing behavior

this refers to emotional concerns like depression and anxiety that are less generally obvious

is it possible to be diagnosed with more than anxiety disorder ?

true

true or false are kids with ADHD more likely to be diagnosed with a learning disability

true 25% are likely to be diagnosed with a learning disability also co - occurs with conduct problems , tic disorders, and depression

Specific Phobias

very specific involves excessive efforts to avoid the feared stimuli or enduring the feared stimuli with intense distress

Use of behaviorally based parent training methods is most appropriate for whom?

young children with ADHD and behavioral problems